iSchool院校出版传媒类专业课程调查研究

iSchool作为新兴的信息职业高等教育机构联盟,其内部的出版传媒类专业教育具有显著的领域特色,对我国出版传媒类专业改革具有一定的启示意义.通过对16所iSchool院校的出版传媒类专业网络调查和统计分析,发现iSchool院校出版传媒类专业普遍注重信息素养和多媒体技能教育,专业课程的学科交叉性突出,与非iSchool院校的出版传媒类专业存在较明显差别.     

Comparison and Classification of Documents Based on Layout Similarity

This paper describes features and methods for document image comparison and classification at the spatial layout level. The methods are useful for visual similarity based document retrieval as well as fast algorithms for initial document type classification without OCR. A novel feature set called interval encoding is introduced to capture elements of spatial layout. This feature set encodes region layout information in fixed-length vectors by capturing structural characteristics of the image. These fixed-length vectors are then compared to each other through a Manhattan distance computation for fast page layout comparison. The paper describes experiments and results to rank-order a set of document pages in terms of their layout similarity to a test document. We also demonstrate the usefulness of the features derived from interval coding in a hidden Markov model based page layout classification system that is trainable and extendible. The methods described in the paper can be used in various document retrieval tasks including visual similarity based retrieval, categorization and information extraction.     

基于社会信息重排序的图书检索方法

随着社交网络的兴起和发展,互联网上出现了大量与商品有关的社会信息。如何利用这些社会信息结合商品元数据进行检索和推荐是信息检索领域中一个热门的研究问题。本文以社会图书检索为例,提出了一种通用的信息检索方法来解决这一问题。首先,通过分析原始图书数据集和图书的用户标签、用户评分和流行度等社会信息,从图书中提取不同的社会特征构建特征矩阵;然后分别计算图书在各种社会特征上的相似度,并使用不同的策略对搜索引擎返回的排序结果进行重排序;最后使用学习排序的方法进行重排结果融合,得到最终的图书检索结果。在实验中,使用该检索方法在INEX Social Book Search 2015和2016数据集上分别进行了训练和测试。结果表明,相比现有的技术,该检索方法能够有效提升图书检索的效果。     

基于IIIF和语义知识图谱的印章资源整合与知识发现研究

[目的/意义]数字人文研究的图像资源中蕴含大量信息但利用率极低,不能在异构数据库和不同的应用程序中得到有效的共享与重用,国际图像互操作框架打破了图像资源交换和共享的障碍。[方法/过程]研究结合国际图像互操作框架和语义知识图谱(关联数据技术)进行图像资源的整合、共享与知识发现,对资源之间的关系进行揭示和知识推理,并通过CNNs算法对图像特征的提取与识别实现基于图像特征的语义检索辅助知识发现。[结果/结论]提出一套数字人文图像资源整合与知识发现解决方案,并以印章图像资源为应用对象构建"印章知识中心"对以上解决方案的可行性和实践性进行实证检验。     

信息检索系统的服务展示界面及关键技术

对国外信息服务系统进行调研,将信息系统界面分为基于检索结果的类目列表式界面展示、基于检索结果的图形化界面展示、基于用户行为特征的标注式界面展示、基于预设问题的导航式界面展示、基于自然语言提问的答案界面展示5种类型,并分析每种类型界面展示的特点及背后的关键技术。     

基于领域特征和用户查询取样的Deep Web数据源描述方法

[目的/意义]数据源描述（又称数据源摘要）是Deep Web集成检索领域存在的关键问题之一,数据源描述的质量直接影响着集成检索系统的检索效率和效果。本文提出一种基于领域特征和用户查询取样的数据源描述方法,以期为非合作环境下资源集成应用与研究提供参考和借鉴。[方法/过程]该方法为异构非合作型数据源的离线取样方法,通过分析数据源和用于查询的领域主题属性,依次构建领域特征词集、初始特征词集和高频特征词集,并最终获得以高频特征词查询取样的数据源描述信息。结合流行的CORI算法,深入分析基于推理网络的用户查询与数据源描述的相关度计算方法,并基于此方法设计基于Lemur工具集的集成检索系统,验证了上述方法的有效性。[结果/结论]所提方法在查全率和查准率方面均得到很好的表现。与其他方法相比,该方法在样本数据自动更新和运维管理方面具有明显成本优势和实用价值。     

基于粒子群优化的文本特征选择方法

从文本特征对文本分类结果的整体影响的角度出发,提出一种基于粒子群优化的文本特征选择方法(PSOTFS),使用粒子群算法来挖掘文本特征选择规则。PSOTFS首先使用开方检验对文本特征进行预选择,然后使用粒子群算法对预选择得到的文本特征进行精选。PSOTFS以一个粒子表示一条特征选择规则,特征选择规则集对应某个粒子群,采用分类准确率作为适应度函数,采用分组的方式对粒子的维度进行降维。实验结果表明,PSOTFS比开方检验、信息增益、文档频率和互信息方法能得到更好的分类效果。     

Design and development of Library and Information Science Gateway: An Indian initiative

Subject gateways are already familiar features of the world information landscape and fulfill a useful role in directing Internet users to quality information. Subject gateways are online services and sites that provide searchable and browsable catalogues of Internet-based resources. The gateways typically focus on a related set of academic subject areas. These sources are online and often linked up with other relevant and related sites for more information on the same area. This paper describes the LISgateway, India's the first gateway in the field of library and information science and is a project of the University Grants Commission (UGC) of New Delhi, India, which was launched in April 2004. The service aims to provide a trusted source of selected, high-quality Internet information and also promote the electronic resources which result from research and teaching in the library profession.     

An algorithm for Pareto set reduction using fuzzy information on decision-maker’s preference relation

In the present paper, a model of the multicriteria choice is considered; the model includes a set of feasible variants, a numerical vector criterion, and the fuzzy binary preference relation of a decision maker. The problem of the multicriteria choice is to choose one “best” variant (or several best variants) from the Pareto set, i.e., to reduce this set using fuzzy information on the decision-maker’s preference relation. The reduction is performed in accordance with the axiomatic approach. An algorithm for the Pareto set reduction based on an arbitrary finite collection of “quanta” of fuzzy information on the decision-maker’s preference relation is presented.     

新世纪公共图书馆建设具有本馆特色的文献信息资源的思考

新世纪公共图书馆应把当地两个文明建设和社会需求作为切入点，坚持因地制宜、因馆制宜和整体性、系统性、专业性、专业化以及读者用户至上的原则，通过多种途径和方法收集积累特色文献信息，建设好具有本馆特色的文献信息资源。     

社会需求导向下图书情报专业毕业生就业技能分析

[目的/意义]基于社会需求分析图书情报专业毕业生所需就业技能,辨析就业技能的必备项,为图书情报专业教育、教学的发展完善提供参考借鉴。[方法/过程]运用内容分析方法,借助社会网络分析工具对招聘广告中涉及的就业技能及其之间的关系进行探索。[结果/结论]数据分析结果对图书情报专业教育的启示包括：确立"T"型人才培养目标、创建关联性专业课程体系、面向社会需求形成专业教育特色和搭建校园到工作岗位之间的桥梁。     

信息主导决策型共享服务平台用户购买行为研究——多主体生成信号的组态效应

[目的/意义]旨在探索共享服务平台上多主体生成信息对资源需求方购买行为的交互影响,以助力后疫情时代共享经济的复苏和健康持续发展。[方法/过程]基于信号理论,结合共享服务平台上多主体生成信息特征,构建信息主导决策型共享服务平台消费者购买行为组态研究模型。以共享住宿平台为例,用Python爬取Airbnb平台上成都的共享房源数据,运用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）方法,识别多主体生成信息对用户购买行为影响的组态效应。[结果/结论]研究结果发现,促使共享平台用户购买行为的信息特征组合有3种,且产生购买行为的必要条件有1种;导致消费者不购买行为的信息特征条件组合有3种,且不购买行为的必要条件有1种;导致用户购买行为的路径和不购买行为的路径并非相反。     

社交媒体虚假健康信息特征识别

[目的/意义]识别社交媒体虚假健康信息特征,构建社交媒体虚假健康信息特征清单,以期为社交媒体虚假健康信息特征的测度提供一定理论支撑,也为用户和社交媒体平台判别虚假健康信息提供有益参考.[方法/过程]采集1 004条社交媒体健康数据,利用程序化编码抽取社交媒体虚假健康信息的关键特征,运用卡方检验和方差分析揭示社交媒体虚假...     

Philosophical information in the INION databases on social sciences and humanities

This paper analyzes aims and objectives that are related to the development of a bibliographic database on philosophy. This database has been developed by the Institute of Scientific Information on Social Sciences (INION) of the Russian Academy of Sciences for more than 30 years. The topical structure of the branch database for philosophy is described. The principles that underpin the content processing of documents and queries based on a set of linguistic tools are presented. It is noted that it is necessary to provide access to external (domestic and foreign) electronic resources in order to improve the quality of research and information support that is provided to the consumers of information in the field of philosophy.     

从“L itera tu re Resou rce Cen ter”看基于万维网的文学信息资源集成服务

总结了美国盖尔集团(Gale Group) 推出的基于万维网的综合性文学信息数据库“文学资源中心(Literature Resource Center) ”在数据来源、用户界面、检索结果等方面的特点与不足。并在此基础上讨论了基于万维网的文学信息资源集成服务的基本框架。     

微博谣言识别研究

指出微博在传播信息的同时,也夹杂着谣言等虚假消息、不实言论。针对微博谣言传播速度快、影响范围广等特点,深层挖掘微博中的隐含信息,提出符号特征、链接特征、关键词分布特征和时间差等新特征,将微博谣言识别形式化为分类问题,综合新提取的特征与微博文本特征、用户特征和传播特征构建多个特征模板,利用SVM分类学习方法对微博进行分类,识别结果可有效辅助人们更好、更快地识别谣言。实验结果表明,在基本特征的基础之上,新提出的特征能有效提高微博谣言识别的正确率。     

基于粗糙-模糊集的Web信息检索改进模型

针对传统信息检索模型对不确定性知识处理的不足,提出一种基于粗糙集的信息检索改进模型,并以粗糙集技术为支撑,结合模糊集合理论,对查询进行泛化以提高查询性能,同时给出该模型的关键实现算法及性能评估方法。该模型能够提高信息检索的效率,具有较高的理论及应用价值。     

Producing an information leaflet to help patients access high quality drug information on the Internet: a local study

Objectives: To develop a patient information leaflet (PIL) to help local patients meet their drug information needs using the Internet, and to perform a preliminary evaluation of this tool. Methods: Development—a cross‐sectional survey of the drug information needs of local patients using a semi‐structured questionnaire; assessment of websites offering free, consumer‐orientated medicines information using set criteria; identification of consensus criteria to evaluate the quality of health‐related on‐line information; evaluation—views on a draft patient information leaflet from a focus group. Results: Those surveyed felt that being directed to high‐quality websites and being provided with assessment criteria for on‐line information would be useful. The three websites fulfilling most of the set quality criteria were Surgery Door ( www.surgerydoor.co.uk ), InteliHealth ( www.intelihealth.com ) and medline plus ( www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus ). The six most frequently cited assessment criteria were currency, authorship, commerciality, relevance, links and attribution. A draft leaflet was constructed listing the above three websites and six criteria along with tips on how to search the Internet effectively. A focus group reacted favourably. Conclusion: The Internet is a source of drug information—an information leaflet may help to guide local patients through its variable information quality.     

Reducing the Pareto set based on set-point information

An axiomatic approach to reducing the Pareto set in the problem of multicriteria choice based on an information set obtained from the decision maker is considered. The information reflects the degree up to which the decision maker is ready to lose values of one group of criteria to improve values of several other groups of criteria. It is proved that using this information one can eliminate a whole number of elements from the initial Pareto set, simplifying the subsequent choice.