Building and Sustaining a Grassroots Library Organization: A Three-Year Retrospective of Library Pipeline

This article is on overview of Library Pipeline, a grassroots library organization dedicated to supporting structural changes by providing opportunities, funding, and services that improve the library as an institution and librarianship as a profession.     

产业集群网络组织间竞争情报模式

在网络成员弱联系关联和结构洞开拓的背景中,(集群)网络组织之间的竞争情报活动得以开展和扩展。文章分析了(集群)网络组织之间竞争情报产生的原因,提出了两种基于弱联系关联和结构洞开拓的(集群)网络组织间的竞争情报模式,即直接模式和间接模式,其中直接模式又包括行动者的先动性模式和网络合作伙伴的跟进性模式。     

组织知识网络结构特征、关系质量与创新能力关系的实证研究

从组织知识网络的结构特征以及组织间合作伙伴关系的视角,探讨组织知识创新的影响因素,并用结构方程模型对其进行实证检验。结果显示,知识网络的结构特征对组织间合作伙伴关系有着显著影响,其中网络中心度和网络密度对其存在显著的正向影响,而结构洞对其存在显著的负向影响;网络中心度和网络密度对企业知识创新能力有着显著的正向影响,而结构洞对企业知识创新能力的正向影响没有获得样本数据的支持。组织间合作伙伴关系质量对企业的知识创新能力也有显著的正向影响。该结论是理解知识网络构建意义的关键。     

A Model for Structural Analysis of the Media Market

In recent years there have been calls for more extended use of industrial organization theory in media economic research and analysis. This article presents a model for structural analysis of the media market. Through combining the revised Structure Conduct-Performance model and the media product elements, a model is created that depicts the special characteristics of the media market.     

Virtuality,Technology Use,and Engagement Within Organizations

Multinational organizations are turning to collaborative technology to enable virtual organizational structures. While collaborative technology provides distributed workers with new affordances to form relationships and share knowledge, collaborative technology also has complex, interwoven implications for virtual organizing. To disentangle these concerns, this study considers four key dimensions of virtuality—spatial dispersion, temporal dispersion, dynamic structure, and functional diversity—in relation to technology use and engagement with peers within an organization. Survey data were collected in a multinational organization that facilitates work through extensive use of collaborative technology. The results of structural equation modeling reveal connections between two dimensions of virtuality, use of collaborative technology and peer engagement in the organization. Findings suggest that understanding interactions in virtual organizations requires a more nuanced approach to virtuality and active management of technology implementation. Moreover, the findings demonstrate that managers need to actively manage the deployment of new collaborative technology by focusing on specific characteristics of work groups.     

Letter from the Editor

Getting help in understanding how to use and interpret a new information system is a crucial organizational and individual resource. Indeed, both informal and formal sources of information technology help are expensive and necessary, but largely unidentified, unmanaged, and underresearched. This study proposes that two types of factors influence the formation of information technology helping relationships: individual and structural. Based on a survey of employees in an organization implementing a new workstation‐based customer database system, the study compares influences on being sought as an informal source of IT help, and on types of help (individual or positional) that one seeks. One individual factor (some forms of computer expertise) and most structural factors (especially measures of employees’ perceived socialization, task interdependence, and communication networks) exerted weak but significant influences on employees’ IT helping relationships.     

Managing for Serendipity: Exploring the Organizational Prerequisites for Emergent Creativity

In this article we explore the conditions for creative work in media organizations from the viewpoint of serendipity and the management of serendipity. Our study contributes to the field of media management research by theorizing change and creativity within the framework of organizational serendipity. Based on an analysis of empirical data collected with the diary method in a media organization, the article also discusses the rationale of managing for serendipity in creative media organizations from strategic, structural, and cultural viewpoints. We argue that the management of organizational serendipity should be aimed at managing for serendipity, not managing serendipity as such. In practice, this means that serendipity management should be understood as creating suitable conditions for serendipitous creative processes and facilitating creative work, motivation, and collaboration in the organization.     

人际竞争情报一般理论研究

根据人际竞争情报研究内容,人际竞争情报研究的主要理论应来源于竞争情报、社会资本（社会网络）、组织行为学等诸多学科。着重对社会资本理论中的“嵌入性“、“弱联系优势”、“结构洞”、“强联系效应”、“社会资本负债”和组织行为学理论中的“人格特质”、“人际吸引”、“群体结构”、“群体过程”在人际竞争情报中的拓展应用给予研究。     

An emerging typology of IT governance structural mechanisms in smart cities

The institutionalisation of Smart City Functions (SCF) within local authorities creates significant IT Governance (ITG) challenges, including the need to foster a triadic alignment between the overall organization, the IT function and the SCF. Building on existing literature on ITG, smart cities, and the emerging conversation on Adaptive Governance in the public sector, the following exploratory question has been formulated for this study: How are ITG structural mechanisms implemented in city authorities to oversee and govern smart cities? To address this question, a qualitative multiple case study was carried out across three city authorities in Ireland characterised by diversity in their ITG structural arrangements to govern portfolios of smart city initiatives. From this analysis three types of ITG structural implementation are proposed named: Detached, Integrated, and Traditional. These are compared and discussed in relation to: (1) orientation of each approach; (2) decision-making authority; (3) alignment with the IT function and the overall municipal organization; and (4) the challenge perceived by the SCFs under each ITG arrangement. This research contributes to the academic conversation on adaptive governance, smart cities as well as to the broader ongoing debate on ITG in the public sector.     

从图书馆的角度看信息组织和知识组织

图书馆是一个为信息资源建立检索点,并为用户提供服务的机构。立足于此,应明确几个问题:信息组织实是信息资源的组织,分类标引不是信息组织的全部;图书馆的知识组织主要研究知识分类,图书馆的知识组织不是知识组织的全部。图书馆大可不必为自己的信息资源组织工作而妄自菲薄。表3。参考文献18。     

Soft-Core in TV Time: The Political Economy of a “Cultural Trend”

This essay deconstructs popular notions that “sex sells” in an increasingly sexualized U.S. popular culture by examining the specific political, social, and economic forces behind the creation and expansion of Girls Gone Wild, a home video series marketed through television infomercials. The crackdown on hard-core pornography, followed by the opening of television infomercial markets, paved the way for the series’ creator to bring together the structural organization of a new soft-core video industry with the marketing aims of a cable industry eager to sell young, male ratings.     

The analysis and synthesis of information during enterprise restructuring

The author offers a practical algorithm for analyzing an organization in the context of the systems approach for the purpose of its subsequent restructuring. Each step of the offered algorithm is considered to be an analysis of information on the organization, focused on the synthesis of a new and more perfect element of the organization, its new properties, new relations, etc. depending on the subject of the analysis and on the purposes set by people carrying it out for themselves and for the organization.     

Social media adoption in the police: Barriers and strategies

Public organizations often face numerous barriers when it comes to adopting and using social media to communicate and engage with the broader public. This research aims to better understand how barriers to social media adoption can be tackled by zooming in on one specific type of organization: the police. Our research answers the following question: to what effect do police forces manage barriers to the adoption of social media with social media policies? Firstly, by systematically reviewing previous studies using a typology of barriers to ICT adoption, this study identifies the types of barriers that the police are often faced with. Secondly, by qualitatively analyzing two frontrunner cases, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands, this study analyzes how social media policies address and can help overcome these barriers. The empirical analysis indicates that in addressing barriers to social media adoption, a combination of exploration and exploitation is needed to address both structural and cultural barriers to social media adoption. We argue that this fits an approach of the ‘perpetual beta’: ongoing technological innovation requires organization capacity to continuously adapt to socio-technical change.     

知识组织系统的描述与评价浅析

知识组织系统是对传统情报检索语言及新型知识组织工具的统称。文章分析了知识组织系统产生的背景,归纳出网络环境中知识组织系统的主要特点,介绍了知识组织系统的元数据描述模型和术语描述模型,并分别从功能、内容和结构三方面提出知识组织系统的评价指标。     

从组织层面探讨图书馆的立体岗位与馆员的多元角色管理

文章着重从组织层面审视了现有的图书馆组织管理模式与信息资源建设和管理体系、多流程信息服务模式、多元化读者需求和多平台技术支撑系统之间的不相适应;深入探讨了现代图书馆的网络组织和图书馆立体岗位与馆员的多元角色管理问题,以期建立更加灵活的适应业务流程变化的组织结构。     

美国大众传播博士教育的现状报告

一个特别工作组通过对美国35家AEJMC成员大学的38个博士项目的考察,对美国大众传播方向的博士教育之现状和趋势进行了调查。报告比较全面的描述了当今美国大众传播博士教育的设计和组织方式,对中国博士教育颇具参考意义。     

国外知识组织体系管理工具比较分析与启示

[目的/意义] 比较分析语义网技术发展环境下国外代表性知识组织体系管理工具的研究现状及关键功能，梳理相关研究的发展趋势。[方法/过程] 通过网络调研法，遴选国外10个代表性知识组织体系管理工具，从结构定义、项目维护、数据管理、互操作性、操作环境等方面比较分析其发展现状。在此基础上，为国内知识组织体系管理工具的建设工作提供建议。[结果/结论] 研究发现，国内知识组织体系管理工具的建设工作应依托语义网、关联数据、语义集成、语义互操作等技术促进功能创新，包括：灵活设计并配置多类型数据模型、支持可持续发展的管理与维护机制、支持用户分布式协同管理与控制、知识驱动的数据迭代式更新、面向语义的KOS重用与进化、建设以KOS为核心的知识组织框架等。     

国外知识组织体系管理工具比较分析与启示

[目的/意义]比较分析语义网技术发展环境下国外代表性知识组织体系管理工具的研究现状及关键功能,梳理相关研究的发展趋势。[方法/过程]通过网络调研法,遴选国外10个代表性知识组织体系管理工具,从结构定义、项目维护、数据管理、互操作性、操作环境等方面比较分析其发展现状。在此基础上,为国内知识组织体系管理工具的建设工作提供建议。[结果/结论]研究发现,国内知识组织体系管理工具的建设工作应依托语义网、关联数据、语义集成、语义互操作等技术促进功能创新,包括:灵活设计并配置多类型数据模型、支持可持续发展的管理与维护机制、支持用户分布式协同管理与控制、知识驱动的数据迭代式更新、面向语义的KOS重用与进化、建设以KOS为核心的知识组织框架等。     

技术的驱动：从科层制到去中介化管理——兼析网络化数字电视的组织结构

本文以CCTV的组织结构变革为例,梳理了电视媒介组织的结构的演进过程,并以组织权变理论为依据,考察了技术作为内在动力对电视组织结构变革的推动作用,并参照网络电视组织结构的发展现状,认为数字电视的技术系统及其互动传播特性正在消解传统的电视组织结构,逐步形成一种去中介化的、具有平等交流意识形态特征的新型组织结构,从而为未来的数字电视组织结构提供了一个理论模型。     

跨部门组织社会网络结构比较研究及其管理启示

在回顾组织社会网络结构理论研究的基础上,结合分析六家公司案例数据,从群体密度、群体中心性和群体中介性三个网络结构指标角度,对比研究组织内跨部门咨询网络和情报网络结构的差异性。研究发现:咨询网络的密度比情报网络的密度低,而在群体中心性和群体中介性方面,咨询网络比情报网络高。最后,针对这一结论对理解组织内部工作信息传递、组织沟通和知识管理等的作用和启示进行了探讨。