如何在外语写作教学中运用同侪校阅

同侪校阅在写作教学中的积极作用得到了普遍认可。但是，在中国，由于受到多方面因素的制约，它在外语写作教学中的运用却很少。因此，要积极运用合作学习原则，成绩平均，自由选择语言等可以使学生积极地投入到同侪校阅活动中来，同时，教师示范和问题清单的运用能够确保学生有能力顺利完成同侪校阅。     

小组合作加分制在初中英语教学中的应用

如果教师能运用情感、意志等非智力因素,以多种方法或手段激起学生浓厚的学习兴趣,那么学生就会热情高涨、积极主动地投入到学习活动中。初中英语课堂引入小组合作加分制的意义;课堂教学中实施小组合作加分制的路径和方法。     

开放教育合作性学习的运作

开放教育教学模式的一个主要本质特征是以学生的学习为中心。以学生的学习为中心，就需要对传统的教学模式进行改革，构建新的教学模式。改革涉及的面广，而建立合作性学习小组，切实开展学习活动是一项基础性的工作。在开放教育中构建以合作性学习为基础的教育新模式，应按合作性学习小组的原则实施，注意合作学习教学模式的操作原则。     

启发式教学的原则

启发式教学是我国古代伟大的思想家、教育家孔子最早提出的。启发式教学的目的是强调教授的作用在于启发学生学习兴趣，引导学生举一反三独立学习，最终达到自主学习、独立分析、解决问题，甚至达到自己发展自己的最高进界。     

合作学习在教学中的具体运用

合作学习为教师提供了一个新的教学模式，为学生创造了一个才能发展的环境，精心营造的合作学习能使学生全身心地、主动地投入到学习中。众所周知，学生是有着独特个性、鲜活生命力的个体，他们有着自己的真情实感、判断是非的能力，有着自己的知识经验和成长背景。如果教师在教学中能够充分地挖掘潜力，就能帮助学生变被动性、非人际性学习为主动性、人际性的学习。     

实施英语素质教育

在英语教学中,全面调动学生的学习主动性是实施英语素质教育的关键,学生的学习主动性需要教师有步骤、有计划地引导和培养。合作教学不仅能全面提高学生的学业成绩,还培养了学生合作意识和技能。     

信息技术与数学学科教学整合的探索与思考

随着教学媒体的日益数字化。越来越重视以多媒体计算机技术和网络技术为核心的信息技术在“学与教”过程中的作用。借助信息技术学习数学是一个有效的途径，信息技术可以改变教学方式，可以改变学生的学习方式。使学生更能学习和体会数学的思想方法，更乐于并有更多的精力投入到现实的、探索性的数学活动中。     

主动、探究、合作学习数学

主动学习非常重要，它是一切有意义学习的前提。它要求教师应创设情境，使学生对学习有兴趣，兴趣是主动学习的动力；学生要有情感的投入，有内在动力的支持，能从学习中获得积极的情感体验，才能积极主动地学习，进而能够自主学习。尤其是在复习课上，教师要大胆地打破常规，不以知识的整理为主。     

将“小组合作学习”引进课堂

小组合作学习是在课堂中小组成员参与、合作的一种创新学习的形式，它体现现代教学强调的以人为本、发展学生的主动性的教学思想，坚持以学习为主体，教师为主导的教学原则。那么，如何开展小组合作学习，使学生在合作中不仅学会知识，更重要的是学会方法，从而提高数学学习的效率?     

合作原则和礼貌原则在大学英语教学中的应用

合作原则与礼貌原则是人们在交际活动中应当遵守的语用原则。把这些原则用于大学英语教学中，可以提高学生的学习及语言运用能力，同时礼貌是制约语用的关键。教师应通过礼貌原则的教授来提高学生的语言素质。     

Affective Learning in Online Multimedia and Lecture Versions of an Introductory Computing Course

This study evaluated students' affective learning in an introductory computing course that was taught in Hong Kong once in a lecture format and twice in a rich interactive multimedia online format to 414 college students in all. A simplified experience sampling method was used to assess affective learning at the midterm and end of each course in terms of intrinsic engagement (positive affect, perceived challenges, perceived skills in course activities), extrinsic engagement (performance expectations, performance goals, performance self‐efficacy), and negative affect in course activities. Controlling for students' computing background and pre‐enrollment academic ability, multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that, compared to lectures, e‐learning modules fostered more intrinsic engagement, comparable extrinsic engagement, and more negative affect. Findings suggest directions for developing online courses that optimise both cognitive learning and affective learning.     

Evaluation of a pedagogical model for student engagement in learning activities

Current research suggests that student engagement with academic schoolwork in secondary school classrooms is often insufficient. This issue is of relevance because student engagement is a prerequisite for acquiring knowledge and skills and is also a mediator of achievement and important life outcomes. In response to this, the present study evaluates a pedagogical model for stimulating student engagement in learning activities in secondary school contexts through an action research approach. This model is composed of five facilitators of engagement that, when considered in both the design and implementation of learning activities, can potentially contribute to stimulating behavioural, emotional and cognitive engagement in such activities. Nineteen Year 9 students of Spanish from a state school in England, their teacher and the researcher participated in two long-term, learning activities designed using the proposed pedagogical model. Data were collected over two school terms through qualitative student self-reports, interviews with students and their teacher and the researcher’s journal. Thematic analyses were used to examine the effects of the learning activities on student behavioural, emotional and cognitive engagement. The results seem to confirm that the application of the proposed pedagogical model could help promote thorough student engagement in learning activities. Findings also suggest that failing to support the model’s facilitators of engagement may have detrimental effects on overall student engagement in learning activities. The study contributes to the improvement of student engagement with academic schoolwork internationally by proposing an assessed pedagogical solution that could be implemented by secondary school teachers with relative ease.     

A comparison of the home learning environment of families at risk of socio-economic disadvantage to national norms in Ireland

The present study investigated the home learning environment of three to five-year-old children (n?=?429) living in an area designated as socio-economically disadvantaged, involved in the Area Based Childhood (ABC) programme, compared to a nationally representative sample of three-year-old children (n?=?9793), from the Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) Study. Statistical analysis of the frequency of engagement in home learning activities across both samples, revealed a significant difference in the environments to which children are exposed, with families from the GUI sample engaging more frequently in these activities than families from the ABC sample. Among the family demographic factors investigated, parent's age and household type were significantly related to the frequency of engagement in home learning activities. Based on these findings, policy and practice implications are discussed.     

A Study of Detecting Student Engagement Modes in an Online Learning Platform

In this paper, we used the platform log data to extract three features (proportion of passive video time, proportion of active video time, and proportion of assignment time) aligning with different learning activities in the Interactive- Constructive-Active-Passive (ICAP) framework, and applied hierarchical clustering to detect student engagement modes. A total of 840 learning rounds were clustered into four categories of engagement: passive (n = 80), active (n = 366),constructive (n = 75) and resting (n = 319). The results showed that there were differences in the performance of the four engagement modes, and three types of learning status were identified based on the sequences of student engagement modes: difficult, balanced and easy. This study indicated that based on the ICAP framework, the online learning platform log data could be used to automatically detect different engagement modes of students, which could provide useful references for online learning analysis and personalized learning.     

Teacher Perceptions of Parent Engagement at a Cyber High School

A growing number of adolescents are taking all or most of their courses online. This places a greater responsibility on parents to support and facilitate their students' learning. This case study used teacher surveys and interviews to better understand how teachers perceived and supported parents' attempts to support their online students at a single online charter school. The results indicated that teachers observed multiple ways in which parents supported their students by (a) organizing and managing students' schedules, (b) nurturing relationships and interactions, (c) monitoring and motivating student engagement, and (d) instructing students when necessary. However, teachers believed that parents could act as obstacles to their students' learning by being overly engaged in certain types of learning activities. Additional research is needed that examines parent engagement in a variety of online learning environments. Research that identifies best practices could also be especially valuable to online teachers and administrators wishing to improve the quantity and quality of parental engagement in their programs.     

The Problem with Reform from the Bottom up: Instructional practises and teacher beliefs of graduate teaching assistants following a reform‐minded university teacher certificate programme

ABSTRACT

Using data from the 2006 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), we explored nine aspects of science engagement (science self-efficacy, science self-concept, enjoyment of science, general interest in learning science, instrumental motivation for science, future-oriented science motivation, general value of science, personal value of science, and science-related activities) as outcomes and predictors of science achievement. Based on results from multilevel modelling with 4456 students nested within 132 schools, we found that all aspects of science engagement were statistically significantly and positively related to science achievement, and nearly all showed medium or large effect sizes. Each aspect was positively associated with one of the (four) practices (strategies) of science teaching. Focus on applications or models was positively related to the most aspects of science engagement (science self-concept, enjoyment of science, instrumental motivation for science, general value of science, and personal value of science). Hands-on activities were positively related to additional aspects of science engagement (science self-efficacy and general interest in learning science) and also showed a positive relationship with science achievement.     

翻转课堂教学模式下的学习投入研究

翻转课堂作为信息技术与教育深度融合的一种新型教学模式,是教育教学改革研究的重点之一。翻转课堂的实质是颠倒教学流程,由被动学习转向主动学习,关注学习过程中学生的“做”或“活动”,在很大程度上弥补了传统教学单一授课的缺点。学习投入不仅关注外显的行为投入,还关注情感、认知方面的投入,能够较为全面地反映学生的学习收获。探讨翻转课堂教学模式下的大学生学习投入水平以及影响因素,设计学习投入维度量表与调查问卷。实验结果表明,翻转课堂中丰富的交互活动与多样化的学习途径,能够有效支持教师引导学生进行自主学习、协作学习与答疑讨论等,对提升大学生行为、认知、情感层面的学习投入水平可起到显著作用。     

An Investigation of the Contingent Relationships Between Learning Community Participation and Student Engagement

This study examined the contingent relationships between learning community participation and student engagement in educational activities inside and outside the classroom using data from the 2004 administration of the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE). Results indicated that learning community participation was positively and significantly related to student engagement, both for first-year students and seniors. For some types of engagement, relationships were significantly stronger for seniors than for first-year students. Analyses also revealed there was substantial variability across institutions in the magnitude of the relationships between learning community participation and first-year students’ levels of engagement. Although institutional characteristics accounted for some of the variability across institutions, a substantial amount of the variability in engagement–learning community relationships remained unexplained.     

Use of digital game based learning and gamification in secondary school science: The effect on student engagement,learning and gender difference

This study aimed to identify the impact of a game based learning (GBL) application using computer technologies on student engagement in secondary school science classrooms. The literature reveals that conventional Science teaching techniques (teacher-centered lecture and teaching), which foster rote learning among students, are one of the major concerns in Pakistan Education system. This leads to student disengagement in science lessons eventually resulting in student absenteeism and dropouts from the schools. This study consisted of five stages: (1) examining the impact of Digital Game-Based Learning (DGBL) and gamification on engagement, learning and gender difference, and literature related to using DGBL models for instructional design; (2) planning learning activities and developing a GBL application based on a specific content in Science; (3) conducting an intervention with a sample of 72 participants of 8th grade (aged 12–15) in a low cost private school of Pakistan following quasi-experimental research framework; (4) observing behaviour and emotions of the participants during science lessons; (5) conducting pre and post tests to assess the learning outcomes of participants followed by focus groups discussion. Analysis from Friedman test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test show that the GBL application has a positive influence on student engagement. However, GBL application was not equally effective for all students since girls outperformed boys in terms of engagement and learning outcomes. This study gives insights into the development of better educational games to promote student learning.     

Teachers as Designers of Learning Environments

Abstract

This study examined how six Singapore teachers approached the design and implementation of a unit of work (topic) to demonstrate exemplary classroom practices that engage learners and use ICT in knowledge-generative rather than presentational activities. After a reflection and feedback session on the first lesson observation involving the researcher and the teacher, the teacher redesigned the lesson to enhance ICT use and involve students more actively in their learning. Our study revealed that there is a difference between students' physical engagement and cognitive engagement in a task and that the teacher, as a designer of the learning environment, needs to make explicit the cognitive processes involved in using the tool to ensure students' effective use of ICT. The teachers' understanding of what constitutes effective learning and their roles in students' learning determine how they design the learning environment. In essence, it is the teacher's skill in managing the “tripartite” partnership of IT tool, learning task, and teacher support that brings about higher levels of student engagement.