平面报业媒体视域下城市体育形象建设研究——以晋江体育城市形象建设为例

以《晋江经济报》、《人民日报》、《中国体育报》2007~2009年涉"体育领域"的报道为研究对象,探讨了在"体育城市"建设背景下媒体对晋江体育形象的报道变化。研究认为,这3年间晋江在体育城市建设背景下,三家报业媒体中对晋江体育发展的报道均是客观的。在塑造晋江体育城市形象中《晋江经济报》和《中国体育报》对晋江体育事件的关注度无论是从议题数量、议题范围都明显高于《人民日报》。大型赛事的举办是晋江吸引媒体、树立体育城市形象的"法宝",其次是发展经济、加强媒体沟通。     

Negotiating national identity through loss: Australian newspaper coverage of the 2010 FIFA World Cup

Sport and the media have long served as arenas for the development of national identity, both of which are examined in this study of the newspaper coverage of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. This article reports on the findings of a content analysis of newspaper coverage of the FIFA World Cup; the newspaper data collected included all major daily Australian newspapers. Following an in-depth analysis, five themes emerged: patriotism; dealing with loss; celebrity; national identity; and ethnicity. This paper examines the related themes of dealing with loss and national identity. Analysis revealed that during the pre-event phase, a clearly articulated national identity was constructed through the media; this was then used as a reference point for subsequent media coverage following Australia’s loss to Germany, a significant turning point for the Australian team. The aim of this article is to investigate the role played by the mass media in the representation, production and construction of Australian national identity within the context of sporting loss in an international competition. Media representation of Australian sporting nationalism is used as a lens through which to examine how elements of Australian national identity were represented, reproduced and reinforced by the media following the Australian soccer team’s poor performance.     

User-generated branding via social media: An examination of six running brands

The increased global popularity of social media has led many consumer brands to increasingly turn to consumer-to-consumer marketing methods in recent years. One such method, user-generated branding (UGB), is defined as “the strategic and operative management of brand related user-generated content (UGC) to achieve brand goals” (Burmann & Arnhold, 2009, p. 66). Other disciplines have identified potential benefits of UGB such as cost effectiveness, the ability to track consumers, and immediate feedback regarding a brand and its products or services (Burmann, 2010). Hambrick and Kang (2015) also posited that UGB might be effective in developing stronger relationships between brands and consumers and eliciting greater engagement with consumers on social media. This study sought to fill the gap on UGB research within the sport management field. Utilising Porter’s (1985) generic strategies as a theoretical framework, the Instagram accounts of six purposefully selected running brands were examined to determine to what extent brands utilised user-generated content on their Instagram accounts and whether differences existed in audience engagement based on the type of content posted. A quantitative content analysis method was employed, and results indicated that those brands utilising a differentiation strategy and posts with an overt focus on the product or brand were most successful in eliciting engagement from followers. Implications for researchers and practitioners are discussed in greater detail in the paper.     

高等体育教育专业《营养学》课程实行开卷考试的实验研究

通过对高等体育教育专业《营养学》课程的考试改革，来探讨培养学生综合能力的有效途径。通过对体育系学生一个学期的教学、考试改革实验得出：对《营养学》课程实际开卷考试效果好；同时提出，对于高年级学生，根据不同学科的特点，进行开卷考试，是培养学生综合素质的有效途径。     

An upper limb kinematic model for the examination of cricket bowling: a case study of Mutiah Muralitharan

We show how biomechanics can be used to accurately assess spin-bowling techniques (offspin, legspin and topspin) in cricket, under controlled conditions, when the player is suspected of throwing. A 50 Hz six-camera Vicon Motion Analysis system was used to record the movements of markers strategically placed on the upper limb during each of the above bowling actions. A kinematic model of the upper limb, created using Vicon BodyBuilder software, enabled the movements of the upper arm and forearm to be described during each delivery. Selected physical characteristics of the upper limb were also measured. The present 'no ball' law in cricket with reference to throwing states that 'the arm should not be straightened in the part of the delivery that immediately precedes ball release'. The bowler, Mutiah Muralitharan, was shown to maintain a relatively constant elbow angle in the 0.06 s before ball release. Furthermore, this angle changed little from the time that the upper arm was angled vertically downward until ball release during the three spin-bowling actions.     

The prevalence of urinary incontinence in nulliparous female sportswomen: A systematic review

Urinary incontinence is the complaint of involuntary loss of urine and is a social and hygienic problem. While pregnancy and delivery have been described as etiological factors, observational studies show that urinary incontinence is also prevalent in nulliparous female athletes. Therefore, the general belief that physically fit women have stronger pelvic floor muscles preventing them from developing urinary incontinence may be questioned. The aim of this study was to systematically review studies investigating the prevalence of urinary incontinence in nulliparous female athletes. The electronic databases Medline, Embase, Cinahl, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for eligible studies. Two independent researchers assessed the quality of the included studies and extracted the data in a standardised data extraction spreadsheet. Twenty-three studies were included in this systematic review. The urinary incontinence prevalence measured during sport activity varied from 5.7% to 80%. Urinary incontinence prevalence differs based on the type of sport. Trampolinists were found to have the highest prevalence of urinary incontinence. The findings suggest that urinary incontinence occurs often in female athletes, especially those involved in high impact sports. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms by which high impact sport activities may affect pelvic floor muscles leading to the development of urinary incontinence.     

Image recovery from negative media coverage of a sport event: Destination,venue, and event considerations

The successful hosting of test events in the lead-up to a major event is not only a useful logistical tool and systems evaluation, but also signals to the world that the host city is ready and competent to host the main event. With the intense scrutiny of the media on all aspects of the venue, the city, and the competition, test events offer the potential for a city to establish (or enhance) its reputation as an event host, or to create doubt in its ability to host major events. The case follows the media coverage of the 2014 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships held on the Gold Coast Queensland, Australia, which served as a test event for the newly renovated Gold Coast Aquatics Centre in the lead-up to the 2018 Commonwealth Games. The case considers the implications and impacts of negative media coverage of an international event on the destination image of the host city. The case highlights the need for image recovery strategies for stakeholders within the destination who are concerned with the city's ability to host international sport events.     

Referees and the media: a difficult relationship but an unavoidable necessity

The association football/media relationship has evolved since the sport was covered in newspapers, and on radio and television. The impact of the media on association football is undeniable with increased wealth in the game directly attributable to the increasing monetary value of television deals covering the English Premier League. This has, in turn, meant that refereeing decisions are now subject to intensified scrutiny and historically this has been identified as a significant source of pressure for referees. This article has utilized semi-structured interviews with the broadcast media in the UK alongside a notational analysis of 20 live Premier League matches in the 2013–2014 season, in order to analyse the pressure exerted by the media on referees. Findings indicate that the pressure on referees is not as great as previously accepted. Interviews and notational analysis demonstrate a more considered interpretation of the role of the referee today in association football.     

An upper limb kinematic model for the examination of cricket bowling: A case study of Mutiah Muralitharan

We show how biomechanics can be used to accurately assess spin-bowling techniques (offspin, legspin and topspin) in cricket, under controlled conditions, when the player is suspected of throwing. A 50 Hz six-camera Vicon Motion Analysis system was used to record the movements of markers strategically placed on the upper limb during each of the above bowling actions. A kinematic model of the upper limb, created using Vicon BodyBuilder® software, enabled the movements of the upper arm and forearm to be described during each delivery. Selected physical characteristics of the upper limb were also measured. The present 'no ball' law in cricket with reference to throwing states that 'the arm should not be straightened in the part of the delivery that immediately precedes ball release'. The bowler, Mutiah Muralitharan, was shown to maintain a relatively constant elbow angle in the 0.06 s before ball release. Furthermore, this angle changed little from the time that the upper arm was angled vertically downward until ball release during the three spin-bowling actions.     

An examination of motives underlying active sport tourist behavior: a market segmentation approach

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a preliminary sport tourism motivation scale (STMS) that detected unique active sport tourist segments according to their social psychological motives for traveling to a destination to compete in sport. Segments’ conative loyalty were also analyzed to gain a greater understanding of how underlying motives for sport event tourism influences consumers’ behavioral intentions. A convenient sampling approach was used to collect data from 380 athletes participating in the 2014 GoPro Mountain Games in Colorado. In developing the STMS, items derived from previously validated sport and tourism motivation scales were used to reduce and verify a parceled STMS factor structure. Confirmatory Factor Analysis yielded acceptable psychometric properties. Ward’s Hierarchical cluster analysis identified three segments: tourism-oriented, sport tourism enthusiasts, and sport-oriented. The sport tourism enthusiasts, who exhibited favorable valuations on each of the nine STMS factors, demonstrated elevated conative loyalty characteristics above those of the other two segments. Additionally, the STMS was able to explain 30% of the variation in consumers’ conative loyalty with factors, ‘Destination Attributes’ and ‘Competitive Desire’ being the most influential predictors. Overall, the study’s findings may better equip event managers with information necessary to tailor event service elements which may enhance customer satisfaction and lead to greater retention.     

体育标语价值审视

分析新中国成立以来,不同时期体育标语对体育文化传播的作用和意义,从政治、外交、竞技、人本等方面阐述了体育标语所负载的体育文化内涵.认为体育标语是政治化的表达、跨文化的诉求、竞技化的核心、以人为本的追求.     

The human factor in the historical development of the media: Israeli sports pages as a case study 1

The current study attempts to present a unique, initial contribution to existing models of communication media's historical development, by calling attention to the parallel processes taking place within the journalist community itself. By means of in-depth interviews with male and female sports journalists in Israel, breakthrough, establishment, defense and adaptation mechanisms to a new journalistic reality can be identified as part of the generational and societal changes that have taken place in the newsroom.     

An examination of the importance of performances in youth and junior competition as an indicator of later success in tennis

Talent identification at a young age is deemed essential for many national sporting organisations to increase the chances of success for their players on the international stage. Talent identification methods can be imprecise and national tennis associations and coaches often identify talent based on performances at youth tournaments and junior rankings. However, not much is known about the relationship between the international competition performances of young tennis players and later success. This relationship is explored in this study using comparisons based on: (a) the results of 3521 players at U14 youth tournaments; (b) the rankings of 377 junior players (U18) by the International Tennis Federation; (c) the rankings of 727 professional male players by the Association of Tennis Professionals; and (d) the rankings of 779 professional players by the Women's Tennis Association. Junior performances (U18) and performances at youth tournaments (U14) appear to have a low success rate in predicting later success. No distinct age was found at which players should start to perform in order to be successful at the professional level. It is concluded that even though good performances at young ages increase athletes’ chances to become elite players, they are not a precondition for achieving later success. Therefore, this study informs talent scouts, sport development officers, coaches and high performance managers of the role that performances at international youth competitions may play in talent identification in tennis.     

有关唐豪生平行谊的几个时间考

通过文献资料与实地调查对目前关于唐豪先生生平行谊的一些年日的记述错误进行考证,得出以下结论:唐豪先生生于1896年;唐豪先生于1929年初东渡日本,并与同年底回国;1930年1月24日,唐豪先生就任中央国术馆编审处处长,1931年5月辞职;1941年秋,唐豪先生迁居安徽,先寄居于歙县烟村,1942年迁居屯溪,1949年6月初回到上海;唐豪先生墓碑碑文有7处明显错误。     

Predictors of aggressive tendencies in girls' basketball: an examination of beginning and advanced participants in a summer skills camp

This study was designed to extend previous research on aggressive tendencies and moral atmosphere in two ways: (a) to include participants of two skill levels in a summer youth basketball skill camp and (b) to examine the influence of the coach on participants' aggressive tendencies. The participants were 136 youth from either a beginning (n = 89) or an advanced sport camp (n = 47). Results indicated that primary predictors of aggressive tendencies for both skill levels included participants' perception of their teammates' behavior in the same situation and their willingness to injure others if their coach requested. These findings are consistent with previous research establishing team norm as a significant predictor for self-described aggressive tendencies in a sport situation.     

An examination of the multidimensionality of situational interest in elementary school physical education

It has been demonstrated that situational interest in physical activity may derive from five dimensional sources, Novelty, Optimal Challenge, Attention Demand, Exploration Intent, and Instant Enjoyment. The purpose of this study was to examine the multidimensional sources in elementary school physical education. The five dimensions were measured in 5,717 students in third, fourth, and fifth grades from a random sample of 30 elementary schools. Students' responses were randomly divided into two samples for a two-step confirmatory factor analysis. The results confirmed that the five dimensions are primary sources of situational interest for elementary school physical education. The findings implied that situational interest should be taken into account as a necessary curricular component in elementary physical education.     

Determinants of expected vs. actual match outcome: an examination of the German Bundesliga

Within society, there are many publications regarding expectations of firm performance. These include analysis, industry insiders and ranking service. Within sports, bookmakers provide betting odds that reflect the expected outcome of matches and are determined by several factors. The purpose of this study is to analyse the determinants of expected match outcome (i.e. betting odds) and compare them to those of actual match outcome. Data from the 2010/2011 season of the German Bundesliga (soccer) are made available that are combined with betting odds for each match. Regression results show that several factors, such as difference in standing between team and opponent, difference in competitions played, difference in points earned over the last five matches, differences in standing last season and home advantage significantly influence expected match outcome. On the contrary, actual match outcome is only determined by the latter two factors.     

An examination of athletic alumni giving behavior: Development of the Former Student-Athlete Donor Constraint Scale

The purpose of this investigation was to develop a scale to measure the degree to which college athletic donation barriers exist for former student-athletes. The Former Student-Athlete Donor Constraint Scale (FSADCS) was created to further examine donor constraint themes found in a previous qualitative investigation. An analysis of the construct validity of the FSADCS was conducted with 243 former student-athletes from a NCAA Division I institution. The FSADCS was developed through thematic content analysis, item generation, expert review, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and additional validity and reliability testing. CFA supported a 5-factor, 27-item structure (Lack of Importance, Disconnect, Communication Issues, Experience Issues, and Dissatisfaction). Additional validity and reliability tests also supported the FSADCS. The findings of this study illustrate the importance of developing a framework for understanding potential barriers which influence charitable contribution behavior for a unique population within the prospective donor market.