Responding to technical writing in an introductory engineering class: The role of genre and discipline

A case study of an experienced professor's comments on a design report in a first‐year engineering class was conducted over the period of an academic year. When compared with the commenting styles of technical writing teachers, the engineering professor's comments were found to be highly directive, and thus at odds with the preference for facilitative comments that prevails in composition studies. However, differences in genre conventions explain much of the discrepancy.     

从"回答提问"到"提问回答"--在聋高中语文教学中培养聋青年学生思维灵活性的实验研究

本实验研究以上海市聋哑青年技术学校的 3 3个学生为被试 (男 1 5名 ,女 1 8名 ,平均年龄为 1 6 8岁 ) ,进行了为期一年的“提问训练”。实验结果表明 ,实验班聋生在提问能力、思维灵活性、学习方法、学习习惯方面都超过了对照班 ,且差异显著     

Responding to expressed needs

In this article, John Cowan (Open University in Scotland), Carlos Alonzo‐Blanqueto (University of Merida, Yucatan) and Derek Fordyce (Heriot‐Watt University) describe their efforts to offer learners genuine openness as regards course content. They draw on three examples from diverse situations to illustrate their use of the ‘sideline tutor’, an arrangement by which learners can directly influence the choice of what they are about to learn and what the teacher teaches’.     

Responding to Individual Needs

Mel Ainscow, tutor in special educational needs, Cambridge Institute of Education, suggests ways in which the curriculum can be made more responsive to the needs of individual pupils and to a whole-school approach.     

Responding to Academic Freedom

W. Richard Bond's “Zero Tolerance: A New Enemy of Academic Freedom?,” Michael Kubara's “Academic Freedom,” and Fred Wilson's “In Defence of Speech Codes” included in the Symposium published in Interchange, Volume 27, #2, 1996, deal with the role and importance of academic freedom in Canadian universities and the pressures both within and without the academy for its attenuation. Although the Bond paper begins with the recent controversy in Ontario universities over the attempted introduction of a policy of zero tolerance of harassment and discrimination, it quickly moves to a summary of the traditional position regarding academic freedom in which that right is balanced by a corresponding responsibility. As insistent as Bond on the importance of academic freedom, Kubara and Wilson both approach the topic in a more argumentative fashion. Kubara and Wilson differ, however, in the kinds of arguments they propound. Kubara defends the traditional liberal conception of the university and attacks what he regards as the trendy feminist attack on academic freedom. Wilson recognizes that along with the rights bestowed by the acceptance of the principle of academic freedom is an obligation to engage in rational debate. The mechanism in Wilson's view for ensuring such debate is a well-crafted speech code in which professionally unacceptable speech acts are unambiguously defined. The fundamental difference between these two positions is that, whereas Kubara advocates an academic discourse that is as unfettered as is permissible within the law, Wilson proposes stricter limitations. I will discuss the Bond, Kubara, and Wilson papers in turn, commenting briefly on their positions. I will then present my own position on academic freedom and speech codes.     

Responding to children's drawings

This article aims to explore the issues that face primary school teachers when responding to children's drawings. Assessment in art and design is an ongoing concern for teachers with limited experience and confidence in the area and, although children's drawings continue to be a focus of much research, the question of what it is that teachers say to young children that has a positive impact on the development of their drawing is under-explored. The article aims to identify the components of what constitutes children's competence in observational drawing through a detailed analysis of a drawing made by a 6-year-old child. Connections between the teaching of drawing and the teaching of literacy are highlighted, and the article concludes that children who are able make confident representations of the visual world are better placed to express their own ideas, thoughts and experiences through art.     

高校突发公共事件应急演练

应急演练是做好应急准备的重要工作。开展应急演练既可检验高校所制定的应急预案的可行性和应急反应的准备情况,发现应急预案存在的问题,又可以完善高校应急运行工作机制,提高应急反应能力。各高校应有针对性地开展应急演练。     

Responding to the invisible student

As reflective writing plays a more prominent role in pedagogy and in assessment, teachers need a greater awareness of the assumptions they bring to the task of assigning and reading reflective texts. Beginning with the question, “What constitutes good reflection?” this study describes how one instructor used the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to explore her responses to the reflective writing produced by preservice English teachers. The author concludes that the MBTI can provide insight into how instructors assign, respond to, and evaluate student reflection; the MBTI can also be used to help teachers improve these practices. She offers suggestions for responding to different kinds of reflective writing and cautions against using reflective writing as a way to assess student understanding.     

Responding to illustrations in picture story books

Illustrations are a fundamental feature in children’s picture books and the evidence suggests that they are more than simply window dressing to make books look more attractive. They work in partnership with print to create layers of meaning. Janet Evans here illustrates this by using the responses of a group of children to Angry Arthur. She shows convincingly how encouraging children to respond to books in this way deepens their understanding.     

从《史记》“志怪笔法”透视司马迁的情感因素

关于《史记》的“志怪笔法”,学术界论述颇详,但很少有学从情感出发去解读和挖掘其背后的东西,设身处地地理解司马迁的心灵世界。其实《史记》是太史公的心灵史诗,史蕴诗心,它超越了具体的史实和叙述层面;在“善恶报应”说和“天命观”论调的深层,包含着一位正直史学家对于不合理社会现象所作的非理性说明和不自觉的情感渗透,我们得细加琢磨方能领略其“得意忘言”的特殊旨趣,这也是中华民族特有的思维模式。     

Learning to teach writing through tutoring and journal writing

Structured reflection on practical teaching experiences may help pre‐service teachers to integrate their learning and analyze their actions to become more effective learners and teachers. This study reports on 12 pre‐service English as a second language (ESL) teachers’ individual tutoring of learners of English language writing. The data of the study are the writing journal entries that the pre‐service ESL teachers maintained during their tutoring experience. These journals had common elements: all were used by the pre‐service teachers to consider what funds of knowledge they bring to their teaching of ESL learners, to evaluate their roles as writers, learners and teachers and to reflect on the educational, social and cultural implications of teaching writing in English to speakers of other languages. This article describes ways in which both native and non‐native English speaking pre‐service teachers adapted their instruction to meet the particular needs of individual ESL writers and what they learned in the process. It provides insight regarding the value of using tutoring and reflection generally in teacher education and specifically in the preparation of teachers of ESL.     

Implicit writing beliefs and their relation to writing quality

Writers have beliefs that may influence engagement during writing and consequently effect writing quality. Students completed a writing beliefs inventory that identified transmissional and transactional beliefs. Transmissional beliefs reflect limited cognitive and affective engagement during writing whereas transactional beliefs reflect higher engagement. Relations between writing beliefs and writing quality were examined with a different group of students. ANOVA results indicated that students with low transactional beliefs scored low on organization and overall writing quality and students with high transactional beliefs scored high on idea-content development, organization, voice, sentence fluency, conventions, and overall writing quality. Results indicate that individuals hold implicit writing beliefs that can be measured and that relate in stable and predictable ways to writing quality.     

Responding to Renewed Emphasis on Handwriting

This article proposes a developmental model to socialize teachers at all levels (preservice, novice, and experienced) and in all positions (general education, special education, elementary school, middle school, and high school) in the methodology of action research. A process for advancing professional understanding is theorized to include the phases of acquisition, fluency, and generalization. Within each phase, a confluence of skills, abilities, attitudes, and contexts are addressed to highlight critical considerations that facilitate the systematic acculturation of teachers to this potentially compelling research approach.     

Dynamics of mirror writing compared to conventional writing in typical preliterate children

In left-to-right writing cultures, spontaneous mirror writing of letters and digits in preliterate children appears more frequently on left-than right-facing characters. A compelling theory drawn on neuropsychological evidence of mirror generalization suggests that children resort to a right-orienting/writing rule when learning to write. The aim of the present study was to conceptually replicate and specify recent findings (Fischer, 2017a) on the predominant contribution of writing directionality to mirror writing in preliterate children. A training study was designed to compare on-line production of conventional versus mirror writing of 4-to-5 year-old French children (n?=?30). Over a 4-week period, children were taught to write from memory words and digits. During a subsequent writing-from-memory task, a spatial constraint (Cornell, 1985) was imposed to elicit paired conventional and mirror writing of the words/digits. Spatial and kinematic data were recorded through the use of a digital pen. The results indicate a main contribution of writing directionality to letter and digit reversals. Furthermore, kinematic equivalence between conventional and mirror writing supports the neurological mirror generalization process in children. Overall, these results constitute a further illustration that the manifestation of mirror writing in typically developing children is culture-bound.     

Towards emotion awareness tools to support emotion and appraisal regulation in academic contexts

Educational technology research and development - This paper studies learners’ emotion awareness in university level academic contexts as a first step to help learners regulate their...     

合作写作--元认知支持应用于作文教学的尝试

英国学者Fiona Yarrow和Keith J.Topping创立的配对写作模式,是一种非常灵活的结构性合作写作体系,它以整合元认知和社会互动的方法支持学生的写作发展。其中,带有元认知支持的配对写作流程图,不仅能有效地提高学生的写作成绩,而且能激发写作兴趣,增强自信心及自我效能感,培养协作精神。因此,该研究具有较高的理论意义和实践价值,是一项极具创新的作文教改实验,值得我们研究与借鉴。     

论<典论·论文>到<文赋>的美学嬗变

从诗学审美的角度阐述了曹丕《典论·论文》经由魏晋玄学到陆机《文赋》的美学转变过程及其意义。着重强调了从“诗赋欲丽”到“诗缘情而绮靡”的美学嬗变对于先秦以来所形成的儒家诗学审美观的巨大冲击 ,揭示了它在人的自觉过程中所具有的本体论的审美意义 ,指出了对于艺术形式美的重视和欣赏是人的自我意识的觉醒、艺术自身的发展要求、时代变化的影响和特别是哲学美学思潮发展的综合作用的结果。这种艺术审美理想的发展和转变对后世的文学艺术产生了深远的影响