大学生职业生涯辅导中引入教练技术的可行性分析

教练技术是一种简洁有效的辅导工具,将它引入高校大学生职业生涯辅导中,通过采用"奇迹式发问""生命平衡轮""换框"等实用性工具,不仅可以有效地帮助学生解决很多认识问题,改善学习、工作和生活模式,激发潜能并促进内在素质的全面提升,而且还可以带动职业生涯教学方法的改革、教学质量的提升。因此,大学生职业生涯辅导中引入教练技术,对于构建新型高校毕业生就业服务体系具有积极意义。     

The Barriers of Access to Selective Universities in Russia

This paper examines the characteristics of students admitted to Russian universities with different levels of selectivity. First, we argue that students differ not only by the results of the Unified State Exam (USE), the university entrance exam, but by family and school characteristics, and by educational strategies. Next, it is shown that the probability of being admitted to the most selective HEIs is determined not only by the USE scores, but by characteristics that are not directly related to the applicants’ abilities, such as class specialisation in secondary schools, and high school location. Moreover, we have found that income has an indirect impact on the admission results: a higher level of income increases the probability of being admitted to highly selective universities through the level of investment in pre‐entry coaching and the regional differences in wages. On the other hand, regional differences in costs of living decrease the opportunities of studying in selective universities. Hence, schooling and financial barriers without alternative student support can limit the participation of less affluent students in selective universities.     

俄罗斯国家统一考试影响的社会学思考

俄罗斯统考作为联系中等教育与高等教育的桥梁,承载了教育、政治、社会与文化的功能。实践表明,统考的理念全面影响着社会各阶层的平等意识与公平竞争精神;统考扩大了农村学生和弱势群体学生进入名牌大学和热门专业的机会;统考在一定程度上促进了学生的跨地区流动。从社会学的角度考察,俄罗斯统考有利于促进阶层流动、缩小区域差异和城乡差异。     

企业教练技术对管理职能的影响初探

将企业教练技术应用于管理领域是当前的流行趋势,教练式管理模式以其独特的优势受到越来越多的大中型企业的青睐。企业教练技术给计划、组织、领导、控制和创新等管理职能带来了一定的影响。企业教练技术的引入和实施增强了管理实践的效率和效果。     

班主任心理辅导模式的理论研究

学校心理辅导包括发展性心理辅导与矫治性心理辅导,班主任心理辅导属于发展性心理辅导模式。发展性心理辅导有三个要点:面向全体学生;促进学生的人格健全发展;促进学生的个体潜能发挥。学校心理辅导是德育的组成部分和现代教育的重要内容。与理论内涵对应,班主任在涉入心理辅导领域时,也要涉入德育领域和教育领域。因此,班主任应具备三种角色的品质:教育内涵的教师、德育内涵的班主任、心理辅导内涵的心理辅导员。     

俄罗斯国家统一考试微观考察

2001年俄罗斯开始试行国家统一考试,作为高利害考试,它维系着社会的公平与公正。本文从俄罗斯《课程标准》和《高校招生考试大纲》出发,分析2003年、2005年和2007年统考俄语、数学和英语试卷的题型和难度,并采用专家访谈法研究试卷内容效度,探究统考的信度和效度,对之做微观考察。     

企业教练理论与外语教学“教练”理念研究

将企业界的“企业教练”理论引介到外语教学就形成了外语教学的“教练”理念,该理念突出了对学生主体和学习实践的关注,把传统的“教师→外语→学生”型教学观念提升到“教师→学生→外语”型的以人为本、重在实践的教学理念,从而升华了师生关系、优化了课堂教学、提升了教学效果、强化了课外训练、提高了学习效率,是一种符合当代教育价值观念与发展趋势的新型教学理念。     

Transitioning in higher education: an exploration of psychological and contextual factors affecting student satisfaction

In view of recent changes in the higher education sector, such as increased tuition fees, a greater focus has been placed on widening participation initiatives and monitoring student satisfaction. The aims of the current study were twofold: (1) to explore whether pre-entry programmes foster successful transition to higher education, and (2) to examine longitudinally the factors associated with course satisfaction. Eighty-eight first-year psychology students completed a questionnaire measuring academic self-efficacy, social identity and student satisfaction at the start (Time 1, November 2015) and end (Time 2, March 2016) of the academic year. Findings indicated that students who participated in a pre-entry programme reported higher academic self-efficacy and satisfaction compared to typical route students. Moreover, academic self-efficacy predicted student satisfaction at the start of the academic year, whereas in-group affect (a facet of social identity) predicted this at the end of the academic year. The current findings indicate that pre-entry programmes may have a positive impact on students’ sense of academic self-efficacy. On a more general level, the findings also suggest that academic self-efficacy and social identity may be key indicators of student satisfaction. This highlights the complexities of the concept of ‘student satisfaction’, and demonstrates the utility of examining multiple factors relating to student satisfaction across different time points.     

Private Supplementary Tutoring in the Czech Republic

The study contributes to the literature on private supplementary tutoring by shedding light on this phenomenon in the Czech Republic. The aim of the paper is to identify the reasons for seeking out private supplementary tutoring and to assess the factors underlying its demand. In the representative sample of 1,265 senior upper-secondary school students from two distinct regions of the Czech Republic, 37% acknowledged participation in private tutoring lessons (provided by individuals) and 10% reported enrollment in preparatory courses for university admission (organized by institutions) during their upper-secondary studies. It seems that both enrollment in different educational tracks and specific school subjects are associated with different reasons for taking private tutoring lessons. The results of binary logistic regression suggest that the mother’s educational attainment, family income, students’ academic performance, residence in the capital city, and female gender are significant predictors of students’ enrollment and participation in the explored private tutoring activities. These findings confirm the strong influence of family background on educational attainment identified in previous Czech social-stratification research. In a wider European context, the patterns of private supplementary tutoring resemble those in neighboring countries.     

The determinants of private tutoring participation and attendant expenditures in Korea

With the growing worldwide prevalence of private tutoring, the causes and effects of private tutoring have been drawing increasing attention both academically and policy wise. This study intends to draw policy implications by investigating the determinants of private tutoring participation of school-aged children and expenditures per child for such private tutoring. The logistic regression (for participation), OLS, and F.E. panel models (for expenditures) were adopted for the analysis, using the Korean panel data. The empirical findings indicate that private tutoring for children—both in terms of participation and expenditures—has a positive correlation with the mother’s educational attainment (preference effect), a negative correlation with the mother’s employment status (time constraint effect), and a positive correlation with the household income (income effect).     

试谈团体辅导与高校思想政治教育

团体辅导是在团体情景下进行的一种心理辅导形式,它对于个体认识自我、探讨自我、接纳自我,调整和改善与他人的关系,学习新的态度与行为方式,激发个体潜能,增强适应能力有着积极的作用,同时将它和高校思想政治教育相结合,也为提高思想政治教育工作的实效性,完善和提高思想政治教育提供了新途径。     

The Economics of Education: From a Free Social Benefit to the Commercialization of Educational Services

Abstract

The article discusses the specific features characterizing the development of the market for commercial educational services under modern Russian conditions. The study finds that many parents have reacted negatively to the introduction of market forces to the education sector. Paid educational services provided by the school are not popular despite the fact that they offer a number of advantages. The results of the study have revealed a number of factors that have led to the expansion in the sector of informal education, includeing low teacher salaries, difficulties in registering a tutoring service business, the desire to reduce financial costs, and the fact that schools insufficiently prepare students to pass the Unified State Exam. The movement of students who seek assistance from the informal educational sector has placed a strain on the institutional relationships between students and teachers.     

自学辅导教学思想及策略研究

作为一种教学智慧,自学辅导早已存在,且思想的根脉绵延及今;作为一种教学策略,自学辅导屡有创建,且已形成独具特色的流程与形态。在新课程背景下,在重构课堂的呼唤中,自学辅导教学呈现出巨大的活力。自学辅导教学是一个互动的过程,在它的理论视阈中,教学不仅是认识过程,也是社会过程,知识不是被动教给的,而是主动建构的;自学辅导教学是一个充分体现平等的过程,在它的实践探索中,课堂成为了平等对话、自由追问的场所,成为了一个高度开放的时空。     

Shadow education: patterns and scale of private supplementary tutoring in English in secondary education at urban Dhaka in Bangladesh

Private supplementary tutoring with an additional fee is generally called shadow education, and this has become a common phenomenon in urban Dhaka, where patterns and scale of tutoring in English have been remarkable in recent years. This study used a mixed-methods approach that included quantitative and qualitative data collected from a survey and individual interview. Tutoring in English has been a regular feature of the teaching profession in this urban area. The paper examines various patterns of private tutoring in English and focuses on the amount of tutoring, including the tutoring received and not received by students in urban Dhaka. It shows the variations of scale regarding tutoring in English between male and female students. The study also identifies different types of private tutors who deliver supplementary tutoring. Finally, the choices pupils make regarding their evaluation on the effectiveness of shapes of tutoring in English are discussed.     

The de-facto privatization of secondary education in Egypt: a study of private tutoring in technical and general schools

Most secondary school students in Egypt enrol in private tutoring in almost all subjects throughout the school year. A large proportion of students have stopped attending school altogether due to their reliance on tutoring. This study of how educational markets are perpetuated at school level finds that in the technical track catering to the working classes, the market is forced upon students through physical and verbal intimidation by teachers receiving below subsistence wages. In the more middle class general secondary track, pressure to enrol in tutoring is less direct and the market is promoted as a necessity for competitive exam readiness, despite its unclear dividends. The result has been a de-facto privatization of secondary education facilitated by a state that has determined the material conditions of teachers, failed to prevent related abuse and corruption, and reduced its investment in education to the point that the market has effectively emptied out and displaced public schooling.     

The impact of shadow education on student academic achievement: Why the research is inconclusive and what can be done about it

Recent decades have brought global expansion of private supplementary tutoring, widely known as shadow education. Such tutoring consumes considerable resources and is usually viewed by participating households as an investment that will increase the recipients’ academic achievements. However, research on the effectiveness of tutoring has delivered inconclusive and even contradictory findings. Part of the reason lies in definitions and foci of research, since private supplementary tutoring may have many different formats, delivery mechanisms and intensities. As with other types of education, it is important also to investigate the qualities of the instructors and the motivations of the students. This creates a complex research arena, in which practical challenges arise from shortcomings in the instruments for securing data and limitations in methods for analyzing the data. This paper assesses the current state of the literature and makes recommendations for the future research agenda.     

An ordinary moonlighting activity? Determinants of the provision of private tutoring by Czech schoolteachers

Teacher moonlighting (teachers working other jobs in addition to teaching) may have positive as well as negative implications. In the context of post-socialist countries, the provision of private tutoring is one of the common forms of teacher moonlighting. The aim of the paper is to analyse the prevalence and factors that are associated with a) having a paid job in addition to one’s regular teaching obligations; b) provision of private tutoring among teachers. Results are drawn from a representative sample of 494 Czech teachers of academic school subjects in lower secondary schools who responded to an online questionnaire survey. Male teachers working part-time, with shorter professional experience, higher household financial burden and lower satisfaction with teacher salaries were more likely to moonlight. The provision of private tutoring was only associated with shorter professional experience and the teaching of core subjects, suggesting that Czech teachers’ motivation to provide private tutoring is currently not primarily financial.     

Supporting new school leaders: findings from a university‐based leadership coaching program for new administrators

Administrators need intense support in their early years in their jobs to master the demands of the position and to emerge as effective leaders for their schools. This article reports on a leadership coaching program offered by a university to support graduates as they transition to new school leadership roles. First year research results of the Program for New Principals indicate that all of the program participants felt that the coaching program was a positive addition to the induction experience for new administrators. New principals viewed coaching positively and emphasized that it is both a valuable and unique form of professional development. Both coaches and new principals cited personalized support as one of the coaching model's most significant assets. The results should inform the development of a model of leadership coaching for new administrators.     

Does private tutoring improve students’ National College Entrance Exam performance?—A case study from Jinan,China

With the increasing attention on improving student achievement, private tutoring has been expanding rapidly worldwide. However, the evidence on the effect of private tutoring is inconclusive for education researchers and policy makers. Employing a comprehensive dataset collected from China in 2010, this study tries to identify the effect of private tutoring on student achievement in the National College Entrance Exam (NCEE) of China. This study finds that private tutoring has mixed and heterogeneous effects on mathematics, Chinese language, and English language respectively and on the NCEE total score. The average effect of private tutoring is not significant, but it may have a significant and positive effect on urban students with lower achievement or in schools with certain quality. Students from schools with more educational inputs are more likely to benefit from private tutoring.     

Teachers' perceptions regarding school principals' coaching skills

The purpose of this study was to find out teachers' perceptions about school principals' coaching skills. The study was carried out within qualitative research methods. The study group included 76 teachers in Elazig and 73 teachers in Kahramanmara? provinces of Turkey. All the data were processed using Nvivo 9 software. The results indicate that teachers' perceptions about their principals' coaching skills do not differ according to the age, marital status, sex and education status variables. The teachers think that their principals are successful at some coaching skills such as being experienced and knowledgeable, being an effective listener and setting achievable targets. Principals fail to show empathy, communicate effectively, praise, give feedback, motivate and have effective inquiry coaching skills. According to teachers' opinions, being a role model, showing empathy, praising, effectively communicating and motivating are important coaching skills that they would show if they were to sit in the principal chair.