影响早期母乳喂养的问题及护理

目的探讨早期母乳喂养存在的问题及护理措施。方法分析总结1882例新生儿母乳喂养情况。结果通过早期对产妇进行母乳喂养的适时帮助,大大提高了早期母乳喂养的成功率。结论开展系统宣传教育,采取综合护理措施是提高早期母乳喂养成功率的保证。     

护理学教育的一些主要问题与对策的思考

护理学是从作为临床医学的分支演变为医学体系中相对独立的一门学科,现代社会的护士不仅是医生的助手,也和医生、药师等其他技术人更一样共同承担医疗保健任务,是医疗保健队伍中地位平等的一员.我们要构建和谐的现代中国护理医学教育体系.必须找出症结,统筹兼顾.尤其要创新护理人才培养模式,加强护生人文素质的培养、各层次护理学课程的整合和师资队伍建设.     

Voices of Teacher Candidates: Positive Changes in Multicultural Attitudes and Knowledge

Abstract

The author explored changes in teacher candidates' multicultural attitudes and knowledge as well as the factors that contributed positively to those changes. Teacher candidates were followed during their teacher preparation program. Data were collected from 2 questionnaires and 9 interviews. The author used repeated measures analysis and percentages to explore changes in multicultural attitudes and knowledge. She also used percentages to identify factors that the participants believed influenced those changes. Findings suggest that teacher candidates' multicultural attitudes and knowledge changed in a positive direction while the candidates attended a teacher preparation program. Changes seemed to be influenced by fieldwork experiences in culturally/ethnically diverse settings, courses in multicultural and bilingual education, and classmates.     

Factors related to breastfeeding discontinuation between hospital discharge and 2 weeks postpartum

Although breastfeeding is known to be beneficial to both mother and infant, many women encounter barriers to breastfeeding, even after successful breastfeeding initiation, which may put them at greater risk for early cessation of breastfeeding. The objectives of this study were to conduct a secondary analysis of data from a longitudinal study of postpartum depression to (a) examine factors related to very early discontinuation of breastfeeding (at 2 weeks postpartum) following hospital discharge and (b) identify women's reasons for very early cessation of breastfeeding. The results of this study support findings from previous research. Having a perceived support system, whether it is personal or professional, may have an effect on both the initiation and duration of breastfeeding. Educating expectant and new mothers, especially women who encounter multiple barriers and are at risk for very early cessation of breastfeeding, of the benefits of breastfeeding and supporting them in developing efficient techniques and problem-solving skills can help increase the duration of breastfeeding.     

Sex and Breastfeeding: An Educational Perspective

Expectant and new parents have many concerns regarding the relationship between sexuality and breastfeeding. How is a new mother''s libido affected by breastfeeding? Why do some women get sexually excited when breastfeeding? Is this frequent or normal? How does the partner feel about breasts full of milk? Why do breasts leak during a woman''s orgasm? Perinatal educators are in a privileged position to reassure these parents about this relationship while promoting the breastfeeding bond between the mother and child and the intimacy bond between the parents.     

Another Breastfeeding Controversy

In this column, the editor of The Journal of Perinatal Education discusses the latest breastfeeding controversy—a new doll that is intended to help little girls learn to breastfeed. The goal of the doll’s manufacturers is to spread the word that breastfeeding is a normal, natural way to feed a baby. Its purpose is to raise awareness about the positive health benefits associated with breastfeeding. But not everyone seems to agree. Pros and cons are presented. The editor also describes the contents of this issue, which offer a broad range of resources, research, and inspiration for childbirth educators in their efforts to promote natural, safe, and healthy birth.     

涉外护理专业人才跨文化护理能力的培养

跨文化护理能力是涉外护理工作中必须具备的基本素养。目前高职院校多元文化课程教学中存在明显不足．应采取改革教学内容、加强临床实践、强化教师专业整体教学意识、搭建知识平台等手段来全面提高涉外护理专业学生的跨文化护理能力,以应对全球化发展趋势的需要。     

Attitudes of University Candidates Towards Learning Activities Aimed at Preparation for Science Studies

Our education system aims to equip young people with the knowledge, problem‐solving skills and values to cope with an increasingly technological society. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of biotechnology education on adolescents’ understanding and attitudes about processes associated with biotechnology. Data were drawn from teacher and student interviews and surveys in the context of innovative Year 10 biotechnology courses conducted in three Western Australian high schools. The results indicate that after completing a biotechnology course students’ understanding increased but their attitudes remained constant with the exception of their views about human uses of gene technology. The findings of this study have ramifications for the design and implementation of biotechnology education courses in high schools.     

Analysis and Application of the Concept of Modesty to Breastfeeding

Modesty may be a significant variable impacting breast- feeding outcomes in western cultures, yet this term has received minimal attention in the breastfeeding literature. An analysis of the concept of modesty was conducted to gain greater understanding of the potential impact of modesty on breastfeeding outcomes. Various uses of the term modesty and particularly modesty in the context of breastfeeding are discussed in this paper. The defining attributes of breastfeeding modesty are identified and examples are provided. Implications for research and clinical practice are suggested.     

Developing Attitudes towards Science Measures

In this study, we describe the development of measures used to examine pupils’ attitudes towards science. In particular, separate measures for attitudes towards the following areas were developed: learning science in school, practical work in science, science outside of school, importance of science, self‐concept in science, and future participation in science. In developing these measures, criticisms of previous attitude studies in science education were noted. In particular, care was taken over the definition of each of the attitude constructs, and also ensuring that each of the constructs was unidimensional. Following an initial piloting process, pupils aged 11–14 from five secondary schools throughout England completed questionnaires containing the attitude measures. These questionnaires were completed twice by pupils in these schools, with a gap of four weeks between the first and second measurements. Altogether, 932 pupils completed the first questionnaire and 668 pupils completed the second one. Factor analysis carried out on the resulting data confirmed the unidimensionality of the separate attitude constructs. Also, it was found that three of the constructs—learning science in school, science outside of school, and future participation in science—loaded on one general attitude towards science factor. Further analysis showed that all the measures showed high internal reliability (Cronbach’s α > 0.7). A particular strength of the approach used in this study was that it allowed for attitude measures to be built up step‐by‐step, therefore allowing for the future consideration of other relevant constructs.     

开创护理教育新的未来 --展望e-护理教育的发展

本文探讨了技术进步及其对护理教育的影响,试图回答以下问题:当前在技术上已经出现了哪些变化?我们如何看待未来采用的技术?最后,提出了进一步革新护理教育的四个设想。     

护理教学改革中的人文渗透

为提高护理专业学生的综合素质,培养适应社会需求的全面发展的高素质护理人才,护理教育改革势在必行,而在护理教育中渗透人文素质教育的改革模式,转换教师角色、构建人文课程体系、营造人文环境、提高教师整体素质等改革方法都能够很好地在护理教育教学中培养学生人文素质,有效地促进护理教学改革的具体实施与深入开展。     

顺德职业技术学院“专升本”考生考试动机调查与思考——以2012年“专插本”考生为例

对顺德职业技术学院2012年"专插本"考生考试动机的调查显示,综合素质提升而非学历提升是考生报考"专插本"的主要目的;考生们的学习动机强度一般;过于强调"专插本"考试对学生现阶段的学习和学校教育可能产生一定的负面影响;时间成本和经济费用是影响学生继续"专插本"学习的主要因素。这些意味着,要妥善利用"专插本"形式培养社会急需的高级技术应用型人才,需要科学合理地设计升本后的人才培养方案,同时更好地激发学生接受职业技术教育的兴趣和积极性。此外,从长远来看,"专插本"教育应突破分段式,走向一贯制,方可更有利于高级技术应用型人才的培养。     

手术室护理隐性知识转化策略初探

隐性知识是医院核心竞争力的一部分,是医院实现可持续发展的宝贵资源。手术室经验丰富的护理人员掌握大量隐性护理知识,但由于隐性知识的特性及知识传授者和接受者的知识结构差异等因素,造成隐性知识在手术室护理人员之间的转化障碍,影响年轻护士的成长和发展。文章通过对手术室护理隐性知识转移障碍的分析,总结了手术室护理隐性知识转化策略并在某三级综合性医院手术室护理人员中进行了实践,取得了较好的效果。     

高职护生对“基础护理学”教学的满意度调查

为了解护理专业学生对基础护理教学的满意度,通过5级Likert标度法调查两年内上过"基础护理学"的护理专业学生。被调查学生对基础护理教学的总体满意度为4.793,对授课教师的满意度为4.888,对教学内容的满意度为4.797,对教学方案的满意度为4.692,对教学效果的满意度为4.758。由此看来,护理专业学生对基础护理教学满意度较高,但仍有改善空间:应合理分配理论教学和实践操作,多样化考核形式,及时更新教学内容,适当加入人文知识,坚定专业信念。     

Discussion on the Cultivation of Nursing Faculties Based on the Development of Nursing Education in China

The Chinese higher nursing education has developed fast. People＇s opinions to it have changed. In the future, it will show the developmental trends as follows. The scale of higher nursing education will be enlarged and educational levels will be improved continuously. The professional characteristics will be further focused on in nursing curriculum system. Teaching methods will be diversified to help the students to improve their abilities. The internationalization will be the developmental trend of nursing education. The development of nursing education puts forward higher demands for the faculties. How to cultivate the higher-quality nursing faculties has received increasing attention over the past few years as a common problem with serious consequences for the qualities of the students. It needs to equip the human resources of nursing teachers to be perfect, establish the academic faculty echelon and intensify the general qualities of nursing faculties. The nursing teachers should improve their theoretical and educational levels, develop the teaching capabilities, possess the capabilities of scientific research, enhance the clinical practical capabilities, improve the application abilities of the foreign language and cultivate the humanistic qualities to train the excellent students.     

Evaluation of a Practice-Development Initiative to Improve Breastfeeding Rates

The benefits of breastfeeding for infant, mother, family, and community are well recognized, and increasing breastfeeding rates is considered an important health-promotion strategy. Improving breastfeeding knowledge and practice among individuals caring for breastfeeding women is considered an important aspect of this strategy. The practice-development initiative described in this article aimed to improve hospital-based breastfeeding rates through the implementation of The Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. The initiative included the development and implementation of an education program aimed at changing and improving breastfeeding practices. The program was evaluated in three ways: changes in breastfeeding rates at hospital discharge; client preparation for breastfeeding and satisfaction during the postnatal period; and staff knowledge and skills.