中外促进健康身体活动项目发展历程探析

选取推行时间较久、在世界范围内都具有较大影响力的瑞士、芬兰、加拿大等国有关促进健康身体活动项目为研究对象。采用文献资料和比较分析等研究方法,对各国促进健康身体活动项目历史进行了梳理,对其发展特征、有益经验和改进空间进行探讨,旨在对我国促进健康身体活动项目的推进提出相应的发展建议:1)我国应以促进健康身体活动为主题,推广全民健身系列规划并积极调动利益相关者;2)体育系统应联合卫生系统、教育系统、城建部门吸引全民参与,建立完善独立评价机构;3)充分发挥地方政府主动性和创造性,建立起具有广泛社会影响力的促进健康身体活动项目。     

黑龙江省群众体育活动现状调查分析

国民体质监测是全民健身计划实施过程中的决策支持系统,把握全民健身运动和健身效果的动态信息,为政府决策和宏观调控提供科学的依据。对我省人口进行体质监测,对掌握我省的人口体质健康状况及变化规律是十分必要的。对黑龙江省社会发展和经济建设有着重要的参考价值,为广泛深入地开展全民健身活动,有针地性地进行群众体育活动及有效地增强人民体质有着积极深远的作用。     

全民健身活动组织模式选择

全民健身活动在整个体育工作中具有基础性地位.面对<全民健身条例>的颁布与实施,面临满足群众体育事业不断发展的新要求和广大群众日益增长的体育健身需求,全民健身活动的组织模式应实现从政府组织模式向社会自组织模式的历史性转换.依据自组织理论,提出全民健身活动自组织模式的必然性、优势及其发展的路径选择.     

实施全民健身计划的政府行为与可持续发展战略研究

1.政府在实施全民健身计划中发挥着主导作用(1)在实施全民健身计划过程中政府行为的特征:政府行为体现出一定的强制性和公共性特征,它必将受到经济基础上层建筑及统治阶级意志的影响。(2)实施全民健身计划中政府行为的方式:政府行为的方式就是政府权力的实施方式,它直接表现为计划、组织、协调和控制等职能。我国政府在实施全民健身计划中的行为就主要体现在政策方针的确定;对国民体育权利的保障;体育制度和实施原则的确定;体育经费的投入;体育设施的规划和建设等宏观调控方面。从政府行为的方式来看,我国政府实施全民健身计划的行为方式是…     

对开展社区、乡镇群体工作的认识与实施探讨

对社区、乡镇群体工作现状分析的基础上,认为要对其全面认识和实施：1）加强学习,提高认识,转变观念是做好社区、乡镇,社会体育及全民健身活动的前提;2）抓住发展机遇,积极争取上级和社会各界的支持,创新市场化运作方式方法,加强硬件建设,为居民提供好而多的“健身活动场所”是做好社区、乡镇,社会体育及全民健身活动的基础;3）继承和发展大型示范、小型多样、品牌带动的工作思路,努力在健身活动的组织方式、项目设置、参与人群、锻炼方法、活动效果等方面,实现创新,是做好社区、乡镇,社会体育及全民健身活动的关键;4）将全民健身科研成果用于社会,加强锻炼指导,进行科学健身,提高活动效果,是做好社区、乡镇,社会体育及全民健身活动的保障。     

湖北省群众体育需求的调查与分析

研究采用问卷调查法、面访法、查阅资料法,通过对湖北省7个地市各类人员3264例的抽样调查,对群众的健身意识、参加健身活动的动机、活动方式、活动的组织、体育消费情况及与群众健身有关的体育设施建设、政府计划、经费投入等进行了调查和分析,明确了全民健身计划实施的现状,存在和需要解决的问题,并提出了更好地实施全民健身计划的建议,为开展全民健身工作提供参考依据。     

21世纪全民健身计划实施的战略构想

一、世纪末我国全民健身活动开展现状、存在问题及２１世纪社会发展对人的健康影响分析（一）世纪末我国全民健身活动开展现状及存在问题《全民健身计划纲要》颁布后,随着《全民健身一二一工程》、《社会体育指导员技术等级制度》、《中国成年人体质测定标准》等一些具体措施的出台,群众体育的发展开始步入规范化、科学化的新阶段。与此同时,国家体育总局组织人力、物力、财力对不同地区和不同人群参与健身活动的现状进行了多方位的调查和研究,取得了重要的研究成果,为我们今后全面深入地开展全民健身活动提供了科学依据。但我们必须清楚地…     

粤北山区农村全民健身活动发展趋势的研究

采用调查和数理统计法,对粤北山区农村全民健身活动进行了研究。结果发现:粤北山区农村居民对《全民健身计划》不了解的占53.15%;16～25岁年龄段的人群参加体育活动的比例最高;健身活动时间随意性较大;学校体育对全民健身活动有较大影响;没时间参加健身活动占61.14%;场地器材缺乏是制约山区体育活动开展主要因素。为促进山区全民健身活动,应发挥政府的主导作用,加大宣传力度,大力发展山区学校体育及开展丰富多彩民族传统体育活动。     

南宁市兴宁区安宁片社区全民健身活动的现状及对策

南宁市安宁片区域的全民健身活动情况从整体看,群众参与体育人数的比例较高,而目前急缺的是社区组织人。要搞好社区的全民健身活动,除了要增加场地、设施硬件外,更重要的是如何在有关部门指导下,发挥街道居委会的组织领导职能,发动民间组织、社会团体来共同开展体育活动。     

大连市城乡居民健身休闲与体育消费调查分析

基于相应的国家规范,通过行业部门普查、抽样调查、统计分析以及满意度指数分析等一系列调查和分析研究方法,对大连市城乡居民健身休闲与体育消费进行调查。研究认为大连市群众性健身休闲活动成效显著;体育消费已实物型为主,参与型和观赏性体育消费为辅;时间不足是限制城乡居民参与体育健身活动的主要原因。建议进一步增加政府在群众性体育活动方面的投入;贯彻《全民健身条例》,普及全民健身活动,提高居民参与健身活动的积极性,促进体育消费以及体育产业发展与提升。     

Fitness,physical activity and academic achievement in overweight/obese children

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to examine the associations of fitness and physical activity with academic achievement in children with overweight/obesity. A total of 106 (10.0 ± 1.1y, 61 boys) children participated. The fitness components were assessed by field and laboratory-based tests. Physical activity was measured via accelerometry. The academic achievement was assessed by a standardised test and school-grades. Field-based cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with language skills (ß-standardised- ranging from 0.281 to 0.365, p < 0.01). The field-based muscular strength was associated with grade point average, natural and social sciences, and foreign language (ß = 0.280–0.326, all p ≤ 0.01). Speed-agility was associated with some language-related skills (ß = 0.325–0.393, all p ≤ 0.01). The laboratory-based muscular strength also showed an association with mathematics skills (ß = 0.251–0.306, all p ≤ 0.01). Physical activity did not show significant association with academic achievement (p > 0.01). Overall, the significant associations observed for muscular strength and speed/agility were attenuated and disappeared in many cases after additional adjustments for body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness, indicating that these associations are inter-dependent. Our study contributes by indicating that other fitness components apart from cardiorespiratory fitness, such as muscular strength and speed-agility, are positively associated with academic achievement. However, these associations appear to be dependent on body mass index and cardiorespiratory fitness.     

Investigating elementary school children’s daily physical activity and sedentary behaviours during weekdays

The purpose of the study was to quantify the contributions of physical education, exergaming (active video games that also are a type of exercise), recess, lunch break and after-school time segments to children’s daily physical activity and sedentary behaviours. Participants were 138 second and third graders (71 girls) who attended 20-min recess and 75-min lunch time daily, 25-min regular physical education or exergaming-based classes being alternated daily. The after-school period was defined as 3:20–10:00pm. Physical activity was assessed via accelerometry and the dependent variables were children’s time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Children’s percentages of time spent in MVPA (P < .001; except for the difference between exergaming and lunch break: P = .63), light physical activity (P < .001) and sedentary behaviour (P < .001) differed significantly across the time segments (i.e., physical education/exergaming, recess, lunch break and after-school). Additionally, children accumulated significantly more MVPA (t = 10.22, P < .001) but less light physical activity (t = ?3.17, P = .002) and sedentary behaviour (t = ?3.91, P < .001) in physical education than in exergaming. Overall, physical education was more effective in generating MVPA than other segments over the school day. The after-school segment holds potential as an avenue for promoting children’s MVPA, as this long period could be better utilised to organise structured physical activity.     

Are habitual runners physically inactive?

The World Health Organisation’s (WHO) physical activity guidelines recommend 150min/week of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) accumulated in 10 min bouts. To see whether people performing habitual exercise for recreation meet these guidelines, 25 long-distance runners [mean 67 km/wk], 25 joggers [mean 28 km/wk], and 20 sedentary adults wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer for 7 days. Sedentary time and bouts were similar in runners and sedentary adults (p > 0.46). Sedentary adults performed 20 ± 16 min/day of MVPA (usual bout duration (W50%): 9.53 ± 3.45min), with joggers and runners performing 45 ± 31min (W50%: 16.92 ± 9.53min) and 83 ± 58min (W50%: 20.35 ± 8.85min), respectively (p ≤ 0.001 versus sedentary group). Data showed that 65% of the sedentary group, 32% of joggers and 4% of long-distance runners did not meet the WHO guideline for MVPA. Failure to meet the guideline was most prominent in, but not restricted to, runners who reported ≤50km running per week. Self-reported running does not ensure adults meet physical activity guidelines or offset daily sedentary behaviours. On the other hand, the sedentary group was very close in accumulating recommended bouts of MVPA in incidental activities. Future studies should assess whether modification of work and leisure physical activity would be more fruitful than encouraging recreational exercise per se in meeting physical activity guidelines.     

大学生体力活动影响身体成分的统计研究

采用实验法、问卷法、数理统计法对安徽省大学生身体成分现状、体力活动特点以及它们的相互关系进行了统计分析.结果表明:男大学生超重或肥胖发生率高于女大学生,女大学生低体重发生率高于男大学生;课余时间体力活动偏少,每天静坐时间较长;大学生超重或肥胖发生与体力活动并无肯定的联系;经常参加大中强度体力活动能够改善大学生身体成分分布,弥补由于静坐时间对健康产生的不利影响.     

Research on China＇s Private Entrepreneurs＇ Physical Activity Level and Amount of Physical Activity

以中国义乌小商品城287名民营企业家为例,以体力活动阶段量表、国际体力活动量表（短卷）为评估工具,探讨民营企业家体力活动阶段分布特征,体力活动量及阶段分布与体力活动量的相关性。结果显示,民营企业家阶段分布特征明显,体力活动量较低,不同体力活动阶段的体力活动量有差异。     

我国民营企业家体力活动阶段与体力活动量的相关研究

以中国义乌小商品城287名民营企业家为例,以体力活动阶段量表、国际体力活动量表（短卷）为评估工具,探讨民营企业家体力活动阶段分布特征,体力活动量及阶段分布与体力活动量的相关性。结果显示,民营企业家阶段分布特征明显,体力活动量较低,不同体力活动阶段的体力活动量有差异。     

Children's Frequency of Participation in Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activities

Abstract

Third and fourth grade boys (n = 422) and girls (n = 390) in four Texas elementary schools reported their participation in moderate to vigorous physical activities (MVPAs) over a 3-day period. Students were surveyed during class on successive days. On a subsample (n = 44), the agreement between reported and observed physical activities during physical education or recess was 86.3%. Running, walking fast, games and sports, and bicycling accounted for 70% of Total MVPAs. Of Total MVPAs reported, 47.0% for boys and 44.6% for girls were 10 min or longer in duration (LMVPA). The average number of LMVPAs per day was 1.7 for both boys and girls. Students reported significantly more occurrences of LMVPAs out of school than during school. Significant interaction between grade and gender indicated that third grade boys reported more Total MVPAs and LMVPAs than third grade girls, but fourth grade boys reported fewer Total MVPAs and LMVPAs than fourth grade girls. During the 3-day reporting period, 12.3% of boys and 13.3% of girls reported no LMVPAs, and 35.6% of boys and girls reported fewer than one LMVPAs per day. While the majority of children reported obtaining at least some activity daily, a substantial proportion of children in this sample reported fewer than one LMVPA daily, indicating that many children may not be obtaining adequate amounts of physical activity.     

试议体育与运动

在社会实践与科学研究的推动下,需要澄清体育和运动概念的含义。体育是从身心发展出发,以身体活动为内容进行的教育行为。运动是有意识的身体活动。运动存在着种种不同的形式和内容,竞技运动是其中主要的一类。体育和运动是一对矛盾,并非是上位概念和下位概念的关系。     

Association of physical activity with risk of metabolic syndrome: findings from a cross-sectional study conducted in rural area,Nantong, China

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increases rapidly worldwide, and its association with physical activity (PA) varies with race and lifestyles. Little is known about the association in rural China. The Nantong Metabolic Syndrome Study recruited 13,505 female and 6997 male participants in 2007 and 2008. Socio-demographic characteristics, and physiological and behavioural data were collected. Logistic regression model was applied to estimate associations of metabolic syndrome and its components with different PAs. The overall metabolic syndrome prevalence was 21.6% in current study. Increasing total PA or moderate-to-vigorous-intensity occupational PA was associated with decreasing 5%–60% risk of having metabolic syndrome and abnormal metabolic syndrome components in both genders. An association between leisure-time PA and blood pressure was found in men, but no associations between leisure-time PA and metabolic syndrome components were found in women. Commuting PA, such as walking and taking bus, by bicycle and walking only, was associated with decrease of 20%–45% risk of several abnormal metabolic syndrome components in women. This study provides information for future investigation into the nature of these associations so that recommendations can be developed to reduce the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among rural population in China.