The development of infant sensitivity to biomechanical motions

3 experiments were conducted to examine infant sensitivity at 20, 30, and 36 weeks of age to the 3-dimensional structure of a human form specified through biomechanical motions. All 3 experiments manipulated occlusion information in computer-generated arrays of point-lights moving as if attached to the major joints and head of a person walking. These displays are readily recognized as persons by adults when occlusion information is present, but not when it is absent or inconsistent with the implicit structure of the human body. Converging findings from Experiments 1 and 2 suggested that 36-week-old infants were sensitive to the presence of occlusion information in point-light walker displays; neither 20- nor 30-week-old infants showed any sensitivity to this information. The results of Experiment 3 revealed further that 36-week-old infants were sensitive to whether or not the pattern of occlusion was consistent with the implicit form of the human body, but only when the displays were presented in an upright orientation. These findings are interpreted as suggesting that infants, by 36 weeks of age, are extracting fundamental properties necessary for interpreting a point-light display as a person.     

信息网络条件下教师角色的转换

以计算机网络为核心的信息技术对教育产生了很大的冲击，信息网络的发展要求教师及时调整自己的角色，教师应是教育活动的组织和引导；是知识的探究，学生创新能力的培养；是学生的服务和合作用；是学生情感教育和价值教育的实施，学生精神家园的守护。     

From individual differences to dynamic pathways of development

A fruitful way to build upon French-language research on development of analogical and propositional processes in logical reasoning tasks is to use dynamic systems tools to describe and analyze relevant developmental pathways. Issues to address include (1) the characteristics of developmental transitions, such as hysteresis; (2) the nature of growth processes, such as hierarchical development or predator-prey interactions; and (3) the construction of effective scales for measuring change in logical reasoning.     

信息技术的发展对高校教学和学生管理的影响

从上世纪七十年代开始,信息技术进入了迅猛发展的阶段,也从高端科研渐渐走向了平民化,并逐渐渗透到了人们工作和生活的各个方面。而高校是创新思维产生、实现和转化的地方,也是新技术新事物较先应用的地方,信息技术改变着人类的工作和生活方式,当然也在改变着高校教育和学生管理的方式。本文解析了信息技术的发展对高校教学以及学生管理的影响,并对未来信息技术的发展趋势以及对教学和管理的影响进行了介绍。     

The role of prosodic sensitivity in children's reading development

While the critical importance of phonological awareness (segmental phonology) to reading ability is well established, the potential role of prosody (suprasegmental phonology) in reading development has only recently been explored. This study examined the relationship between children's prosodic skills and reading ability. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses examined the unique contribution of word‐level and phrase‐level prosodic skills to the prediction of three concurrent measures of reading ability in 81 fourth‐grade children (mean age 9.3 years). After controlling for phonological awareness and general rhythmic sensitivity, children's prosodic skills predicted unique variation in word‐reading accuracy and in reading comprehension. Phrase‐level prosodic skills, assessed by means of a reiterative speech task, predicted unique variance in reading comprehension, after controlling for word reading accuracy, phonological awareness and general rhythmic sensitivity. These results add to the growing body of evidence of the importance of prosodic skills in reading development.     

Four-month-old infants' sensitivity to binocular and kinetic information for three-dimensional-object shape

4-month-old infants were tested for sensitivity to kinetic and binocular information for 3-dimensional-object shape. The study included 2 tests: a test for sensitivity to binocular disparity and a shape perception test. The disparity sensitivity test used a preferential looking procedure developed by Held, Birch, and Gwiazda. On the basis of the results of this test, infants were assigned to disparity-sensitive and disparity-insensitive groups. In the shape perception test, a "transfer-across-depth-cues" method was employed. Infants were habituated to a rotating object whose shape was specified by kinetic information and were then presented with stationary stereograms specifying the same object and a novel-shaped object. The disparity-sensitive infants looked significantly longer at the novel object than at the familiar object, whereas the disparity-insensitive infants showed no difference in looking time to the novel and the familiar objects. The results indicate that disparity-sensitive 4-month-old infants can perceive 3-dimensional-object shape from kinetic and binocular depth information.     

Infants' sensitivity to boundary flow information for depth at an edge

We investigated infants' sensitivity to a recently discovered kinetic depth cue, boundary flow. 5-month-old infants viewed computer-generated displays in which the relation between the motion of a boundary, indicating an edge, and 2 regions of dots on either side of the boundary, indicating surfaces, provided the only information specifying the order of the 2 surfaces in depth. Infants showed a significant reaching preference for the apparently nearer region of the display. Since previous research has demonstrated that infants reach more frequently for the nearer of 2 surfaces, this result indicates that 5-month-old infants are sensitive to boundary flow information for depth at an edge.     

中国大陆地理信息系统的发展

自1978年以来，中国大陆地理信息系统(GIS)经历了准备、起步、发展、形成产业化几个阶段，国产多个基础性GIS软件产品不断成熟，市场占有率不断提高。进入21世纪，中国大陆的地理信息系统产业初步形成。根据中国大陆期刊网的论文检索，反映了GIS理论研究不断发展和GIS应用领域逐渐扩大。     

The role of frames of reference in the development of responsiveness to shading information.

The use of frames of reference in interpreting shading information in pictures was studied with children from 3 to 8 years of age. After learning to discriminate tactually between a convexity and a concavity, the subjects were presented a photograph of the convexity and the concavity in which the only information for differential shape was provided by the relationship between the orientation of the shading on the shapes and the frames of reference. By changing the position of the subject's head, rotating the display, and changing the location of the source of illumination, the relevance of egocentric, environmental, and lighting-specified frames of reference was manipulated. Children in this age range were found to be sensitive to shading information for depth, both when that information was specified by only a single frame of reference and when all three frames of reference were relevant. Differences in the responsiveness to individual frames of reference were found: the egocentric (head-retina) frame of reference was most effective, followed by the environmental reference frame, and finally by the frame of reference based on the location of the light source in the space surrounding the photograph. Responsiveness to the environmental and lighting-based frames of reference increased with age, while responsiveness to the egocentric frame of reference was high for all age groups and did not increase with age.     

以应用促发展 构建信息化校园

近年来我校加快了信息化进程,在管理信息化、教学信息化、教研信息化方面取得了一定的成绩．初步形成了两个信息技术特色：校内资源库建设为新课程改革提供了全方位的支持、实现了信息技术与课程的有效整合。     

Developing teacher assessment skills: The impact of the dynamic approach to teacher professional development

This study investigates the extent to which the Dynamic Approach (DA) to Teacher Professional Development (TPD) can help teachers develop their assessment skills and through that contribute to the improvement of student learning outcomes. To achieve this aim, a multi-treatment group randomisation study was conducted to compare the impact of the DA with the impact of the Competency-Based Approach (CBA) on developing assessment skills and promoting student learning outcomes. Assessment skills of 178 teachers and achievement of their students (n = 2358) were measured before and after the intervention. The DA had greater impact on teacher assessment skills and student learning outcomes than the CBA. Differential effects were also identified since differences in the impact of each approach were only identified for teachers who were situated at higher stages of assessment skills. Implications of findings for research, policy and practice are drawn.     

Young children's use of video as a source of socially relevant information

Although prior research clearly shows that toddlers have difficulty learning from video, the basis for their difficulty is unknown. In the 2 current experiments, the effect of social feedback on 2-year-olds' use of information from video was assessed. Children who were told "face to face" where to find a hidden toy typically found it, but children who were given the same information by a person on video did not. Children who engaged in a 5-min contingent interaction with a person (including social cues and personal references) through closed-circuit video before the hiding task used information provided to find the toy. These findings have important implications for educational television and use of video stimuli in laboratory-based research with young children.     

SR785动态信号分析仪的二次开发

SR785动态信号分析仪是美国泰克公司生产的双通道频谱分析仪器,具有与Pc机兼容的可视化操作环境和开放式开发环境.该文设计采用Visual C 高级语言对SR785设备的功能进行二次开发,实现了用该仪器进行测量信息的处理和综合分析.     

The professional development needs of secondary school information technology co-ordinators

Abstract

Analysis of a recent survey in the United Kingdom of the roles, concerns, training needs and support priorities of secondary school Information Technology Co-ordinators has revealed a number of factors and relationships amongst these variables and with other variables concerning the characteristics of schools. In this article we present and discuss the results of a recent survey in the United Kingdom of the roles, concerns, training needs and support priorities of secondary school Information Technology Co-ordinators (ITCs). We draw conclusions concerning the unique problems faced by ITCs as a result of the expectations placed upon them, not only to teach their own subject, but also to train and support other teachers in the pedagogical application of information technology (IT). In response to a great variety of needs, there is only limited support provided for them formally by their schools and by external sources. The most highly valued support comes from informal sources. We consider the implications of these conclusions for those concerned with providing professional development in IT education. We suggest that partnership approaches may provide the basis for much improved support for ITCs, with the aim of raising the standard of teaching in schools, both of IT as a subject and with IT as an aid. We also highlight the challenges for the partnerships between schools and higher education institutions which are attempting to provide initial teacher education for IT specialists.     

情报学可持续发展的内在动力分析

作为一个新兴的交叉性的学科,情报学需要深入持久的研究和探讨,并制定一个科学的策略,保证它的可持续发展,使之能够更好地服务于政治经济的发展和文化的进步。本文从情报学的发展现状为切入点,对我国可持续发展的模式作了详细的分析,得出了情报学是在可持续发展的情报观指导之下发展的,内容涵盖五个方面。是在外在动力和内在动力的共同驱动下发展的,而外在动力主要有信息资源、信息变更、社会需求三个方面,并且是在创新及竞争的环境下形成,能够归纳为三个发展方向。