思维风格及其对教育的启示

思维风格是美国心理学家Sternberg提出的一个全新的心理学概念.它是指个体运用能力的偏好.每个人都具有一组较为典型的思维风格.我认为在学校教育中,要培养学生灵活多变的思维风格,要从这几个方面入手:首先要允许各种思维风格的学生存在,其次,教师要根据学生不同的思维风格, 采用与之相适应的教学方法和评价方法, 最后,教师也要有意识的培养自己灵活的思维风格,只有做到这几个方面,才能使每个学生都能有所发展.     

思维风格:认识学生个别差异的新窗口

思维风格是美国心理学家Sternberg新近提出的一个全新的风格概念。它是指个体运用能力的偏好。每个人都具有一组较为典型的思维风格。根据国内外的最新研究，学生的思维风格与其人格特质、教师评价、学业成绩以及学校生活适应等个别差异都有密切关系。因此，要想真正了解和解释学生的个别差异，应当重视学生的思维风格。思维风格给教育工作认识学生的个别差异提供了一个新窗口。     

思维风格与教学

学生学业成就的大小不仅依赖其思维能力,而且依赖其思维风格。思维风格与环境要求的匹配是十分重要的,教学方法、评价方法与思维风格的适宜性会直接影响学生的学业成就。在教学过程中,教师只有根据学生不同的思维风格和学习风格,采用与之相适应的教学方法和评价方法,才能使每个学生都能从课堂教学中有所获益。     

小学数学课导思浅议

在数学思维中最可贵的品质是创造性思维。创造性思维是创造力的核心。因此,培养学生的创造性思维绝不是针对高智力学生,而是要面向全体学生,让他们都有机会获得创造性思维的训练。教师要努力发掘每个学生的创造力,使每个学生的创造力充分发挥出来,将学生培养成为创造型人才。     

如何在数学教学中培养学生的创新意识

在数学教学中最可贵的品质是创造性思维。创造性思维是创造力的核心。培养学生的创造性思维绝不是只针对高智力学生,而是要面向全体学生,让他们都有机会获得创造性思维的训练。教师要努力发掘每个学生的创造力,使每个学生的创造力充分发挥出来,将学生培养成为创造性人才。     

语文教学如何培养学生创新思维能力

创新思维是一个民族进步的灵魂。培养每个学生的创新思维能力,一是要培养学生的思维习惯;二是要营造思维氛围,教会思维方法;三是教师要不断搭建学生思维的平台,淬炼他们创造性思维能力。     

教学前测提高英语课堂实效

学生智商的差异是客观存在的,学习外语的天分更是因人而异,但每个学生都有其自身优势。有的学生听力较强,有的学生语言表达能力较强．有些学生需要看着文字才能表达流畅。教师要用发展的眼光、辩证的思想看待学生,研究学生的心理特点和学习风格,深挖不同层次学生的潜质,搞一刀切是万万行不通的。教师特别要尊重学生由生活经验引发的思维。坚持“思维无禁区论”,视学生为独立的个体、自主的人、发展的人、有潜力的人,     

课堂教学中实施素质教育的思考(二)——发展思维与学会思考

数学是思维的体操,发展学生的思维是数学课堂教学的灵魂。让每个学生学会思考,这不仅是２１世纪人才的需要,而且也是学生思维发展的标志。因此,发展思维与学会思考应成为在数学课堂教学中实施素质教育的主要要求之一。要发展学生思维,并让每个学生学会思考,我认为,...     

在数学教学中培养学生的创新意识

在数学思维中最可贵的品质是创造性思维。创造性思维是创造力的核心。叶圣陶先生在《创造的儿童教育》中说;”处处是创造之地、天天是创造之时、人人是创造之人。”因此,培养学生的创造性思维决不是针对高智力学生,而是要面向全体学生,让他们都有机会获得创造性思维的训练。教师要努力发掘每个学生的创造力,使每个学生的刨造力充分发挥出来,将学生培养成为刨造型人才。     

基于学习风格、思维水平的有效差异教学策略

每个学生都有自己视觉、触觉、听觉或情感上的偏爱(这里指学习风格)以及思维水平的差异,只有当教师的教学与学生的学习风格、思维水平相适应时,教学才最为有效。教与学二者适应程度越高,学生就越能从教师的教学活动中接受一系列刺激,从而产生积极的效应,使教学收到好的效果。因此,针对学生的个     

基于场独立、场依存的批判思维培养研究

场独立和场依存是两类不同的认知风格,各自体现了不同的思维方式,场独立有利于培养批判思维。依据两种认知风格的可转变性,在教学中,可通过培养独立思考能力、推行批判思维课程化的具体措施,帮助场依存者自觉求助于场独立认知风格,培养批判思维。     

从思维方式看英文写作教学

中西思维方式存在着很大的差异,因此与之相对应的语言组织也大相径庭.这种差异影响着以中文为母语的学生进行英文写作.文章试图通过比较中西思维方式的差异,对中西语言表达方式进行跨文化分析,从而得到对英文写作教学的一些启示.     

斯腾伯格思维风格理论的研究进展

思维风格就是指人们较为喜欢用某种方式来进行思维。斯腾伯格的心理自我管理理论是一种描述风格的理论,在他的理论中按照5个维度共划分了13种思维风格。斯腾伯格给出了测量思维风格的工具——思维风格问卷,中国学者也对其作了一定的修订。斯腾伯格的心理自我管理理论中所提出的思维风格与格里戈雷科提出的三种中心均有相关,思维风格与思维模型的相关体现了它具有认知中心的特点；思维风格与人格的相关体现了它的人格中心的特点；思维风格与学业成绩的相关体现了它的行为中心的特点。     

Child maltreatment and adult criminal behavior: Does criminal thinking explain the association?

Criminal thinking styles were examined as mediational links between different forms of child maltreatment (i.e., sexual abuse, physical abuse, and physical neglect) and adult criminal behaviors in 338 recently adjudicated men. Analyses revealed positive associations between child sexual abuse and sexual offenses as an adult, and between child physical abuse/neglect and endorsing proactive and reactive criminal thinking styles. Mediation analyses showed that associations between overall maltreatment history and adult criminal behaviors were accounted for by general criminal thinking styles and both proactive and reactive criminal thinking. These findings suggest a potential psychological pathway to criminal behavior associated with child maltreatment. Limitations of the study as well as research and clinical implications of the results are discussed.     

Thinking Styles: Their relationships with modes of thinking and academic performance

This study aimed at investigating the nature of thinking styles as described in the theory of mental self-government. Two-hundred-and-twelve US university students responded to the Thinking Styles Inventory and the Styles of Learning and Thinking. Results from convergent statistical analysis procedures indicated that thinking styles and modes of thinking share certain common variance in the data. It was evident that the more creativity-generating and more complex thinking styles are significantly related to a holistic mode of thinking, and that the more norm-conforming and more simplistic thinking styles are significantly related to an analytic mode of thinking. Furthermore, multiple-regression analyses showed that both thinking styles and modes of thinking statistically contributed to students' self-reported grade point averages beyond what was explained by their self-rated ability scores. These findings are discussed in terms of practical implications for educators.     

The role of learning environments in thinking styles

The present study examined the association between students’ perceived general learning environment and their thinking styles (a specific term for ‘intellectual styles’). Seven hundred and fifty-two undergraduates in Shanghai responded to the Thinking Style Inventory-Revised II and the Inventory of Students’ Perceived Learning Environment. Results indicated that students’ perceived learning environment statistically predicted their thinking styles beyond gender, grade, major, and socio-economic status. Specifically, constructivist-oriented teaching, as well as peer morale and identities, were mainly associated with thinking styles that are characterised by cognitive complexity, nonconformity, autonomy and low degrees of structure (known as Type I styles), while clear goals and coherence of curricula mainly statistically predicted thinking styles that are characterised by cognitive simplicity, conformity, authority, and high degrees of structure (known as Type II styles). Student–student cooperation, the nature of assessment and assignments and learning facilities also statistically contributed to thinking styles to varying extents. The implications and limitations of the present findings are discussed.     

An experimental comparison of the flexibility in the use of thinking styles in traditional and hypermedia learning environments

The objective of the instructional experiment was to examine if the use of thinking styles is flexible in traditional and hypermedia learning environments, and if a hypermedia learning environment possesses obvious advantages than a traditional environment in adapting to students with different thinking styles. The participant university students from Shanghai, P.R. China took the General Psychology course taught by one psychology teacher. One hundred and seven science students and one hundred and thirty-one social science students were assigned into traditional and hypermedia instructional groups, respectively. The results indicated that the use of the hierarchical, executive, conservative, and monarchic styles was increased, while the use of the local style was decreased due to the traditional instructional environment. The use of the judicial and liberal styles was increased, while the use of the legislative style was weakened due to the hypermedia environment. Moreover, significant effects of discipline differences in the use of particular thinking styles were found in the traditional instructional environment. Specifically, within the context of traditional learning environments, the use of the hierarchical style increased among the science students, while the use of the local style decreased among the social science students. The study did not support the view that a hypermedia learning environment is clearly better than a traditional environment in accommodating students with different thinking styles. Implications for learning and teaching are discussed.     

智力风格的实践支持与理论困惑

提出智力风格构念的目的在于整合不同的风格理论与模型,在传统核心构念如能力、人格等基础上,增强我们解释和预测学生学习成绩的能力。1930年代以来,不同类型的智力风格(如认知风格、学习风格)不断被提出并在教与学的各个领域得以大量研究与应用。文章从学习成绩的视角总结回顾了智力风格在教育心理学领域的应用研究。以此为基础,分析了教师与学生风格匹配与学习者自我风格意识两个重要的争议性的问题,并提出了可能的研究方向。     

Exploring and enhancing spatial thinking skills: Learning differences of university students within a web-based GIS mapping environment

There is a dearth of research concerning the learning effects of web-based mapping tools on students with different learning characteristics. This study investigates the extent that different learning styles exert an influence on spatial thinking of students within a web-based GIS mapping environment. Thirty six sophomores utilized the tools over one semester in a course guided by a blended learning approach. A learning style inventory, a self-rating questionnaire and a survey were administered to these students to examine their learning styles, the development of their spatial thinking skills as well as factors influencing the enhancement of their spatial thinking skills. Results show that all learners have improved their spatial thinking skills after interacting with the GIS mapping tools. However, the visual and auditory learners have improved significantly more than the kinaesthetic learners (p = 0.024). The survey result from students shows that such differences may be attributable to the design of the web interface that matches the learning styles of the visual and auditory learners better than with that of the kinaesthetic learners. Our findings contribute to the current debate on students’ learning styles as well as to help instructional designers and educators optimize learning in spatial thinking through personalized learning design.     

The Relationship Between Thinking Style Differences and Career Choices for High-Achieving Students

The intent of this study was to present information about high-achieving students' career decision making associated with thinking styles. We gathered data from two International Baccalaureate (IB) programs and a Governor's School Program with a sample of 209 high-school students. The findings of this study demonstrated that the effect of program on the different thinking styles was statistically significant. The findings showed that external thinking style was a good predictor for choosing social science areas as future careers. However, students with higher external thinking styles chose computer and math areas 73% less often than students with lower external thinking styles. In addition, the findings demonstrated that high-school students attending a program with an academic focus on liberal arts tended to be more people oriented and outgoing and valued sharing ideas with others as opposed to students in a program with an academic focus on science and technology. Finally, students attending a program with an academic focus on liberal arts tended to be more systematic and set priorities more often than students in a program with an academic focus on science and technology.