利用引文构建的主题模型研究进展

[目的/意义] 概率主题模型算法在不断得到改进与扩展，本文对国内外已有的利用引文构建的主题模型进行研究，分析和对比不同模型的生成过程与算法，并探讨利用引文构建的主题模型在科技文本分析中的应用与可扩展的研究方向。[方法/过程] 通过Web of Science数据库和CNKI数据库获取国内外利用引文构建主题模型的相关文献，经人工判读后筛选出具有代表性的文献，对这些文献中利用引文构建的主题模型，从建模思想、生成过程、参数估计与推断算法等方面进行对比与分析。[结果/结论] 目前国内外利用引文构建的主题模型主要包括研究主题与引文分布的主题模型、研究被引与施引主题间关系的主题模型，以及基于引用内容的引用主题模型；主题模型中引入引文信息后，能够获得更完整的主题内容和特定主题下的重要文献，并可识别施引文献和被引文献之间主题间的关系及影响；已有的模型多集中在概率潜在语义分析（Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis，PLSA）和潜在狄利克雷分配（Latent Dirichlet Allocation，LDA）主题模型基础上进行扩展。未来可扩展研究引入引用内容的主题模型、模型的性能优化和评价方法、模型的应用研究等。     

A survey of Web-based business models for e-government in the Netherlands

Governments worldwide are increasingly using Web-based business models to enhance their service delivery. Yet the concept of the business model is unexplored within the context of e-government. Drawing upon the literature on e-commerce, we develop a taxonomy for analyzing Web-based business models for e-government. Based on a systematic survey of 59 e-government Web sites in the Netherlands, our findings indicate that most of the Web sites use the content provider or direct-to-customer business models, while only a few are using novel business models. Overall, the concept of business model is appealing and useful in the public sector. Specifically it compliments research on Web site quality by analyzing and describing Web sites using atomic e-government business models and suggesting improvements by using combinations of business models.     

近几年来国外信息检索模型研究进展

信息检索模型是信息检索的核心.近几年来国外对于布尔模型的研究主要表现在对布尔模型的改进及对扩展布尔模型的进一步优化.对向量空间模型的研究,主要集中在对向量空间模型的扩展研究及对向量空间模型的应用方面.概率模型的发展主要集中在继续对概率模型进一步的研究,其与其它信息检索模型的结合,以及语言模型的研究和发展.近年来对于新兴的基于本体的信息检索模型的研究,主要集中在对基于本体的信息检索模型理论的研究,与其它检索模型的融合,以及基于本体检索模型的应用.国外信息检索模型研究的最新成果,为国内此方面的研究提供了前沿性的参考信息.     

基于关联规则挖掘的查询扩展模型研究

为了将关联规则挖掘技术更好地应用于信息检索查询扩展，通过对基于关联规则挖掘的查询扩展模型的深入研究，归纳出4类共13种查询扩展模型，理论分析和实验比较各个查询扩展模型的检索性能，试图发现一些优秀的扩展模型。     

探索高校科技期刊出版模式的改革措施

在介绍了当前国际上科技期刊主流出版模式以及跨国化、集团化、规模化的发展趋势的基础上,对我国高校科技期刊的出版模式进行了探索和研究,分析其体制机制、运营方式及各模式优缺点,并对高校科技期刊的发展定位以及集约化改革措施提出了一些建议,为促进我国高校科技期刊整合资源、做大做强提供参考.     

图书馆读者满意度评价模型的差异性分析

通过文献调查, 发现当前图书馆满意度评价模型主要是基于SERVQUAL、LibQUAL+^TM、Rodski Group、AHP以及ACSI模型进行构建的。从各模型的发展背景、量表指标的设置与权值设置、适用性以及优缺点几个方面进行综合比较,得出各评价模型的差异性所在。研究发现,差异性最明显之处在于各评价模型的量表设置及适用性不同评价模型的测量过程和测量结果的侧重点是不同的。     

Distance matters! Cumulative proximity expansions for ranking documents

In the information retrieval process, functions that rank documents according to their estimated relevance to a query typically regard query terms as being independent. However, it is often the joint presence of query terms that is of interest to the user, which is overlooked when matching independent terms. One feature that can be used to express the relatedness of co-occurring terms is their proximity in text. In past research, models that are trained on the proximity information in a collection have performed better than models that are not estimated on data. We analyzed how co-occurring query terms can be used to estimate the relevance of documents based on their distance in text, which is used to extend a unigram ranking function with a proximity model that accumulates the scores of all occurring term combinations. This proximity model is more practical than existing models, since it does not require any co-occurrence statistics, it obviates the need to tune additional parameters, and has a retrieval speed close to competing models. We show that this approach is more robust than existing models, on both Web and newswire corpora, and on average performs equal or better than existing proximity models across collections.     

国外信息行为模型分析与评价

详细介绍国外有代表性的几种信息行为理论及模型,包括被情报学界认为是研究信息行为的元理论的德尔文(Dervin)的“意义建构”理论及模型、埃利斯(Ellis)的信息查找行为模型、库尔斯奥(Kuhlthau)的信息查找过程模型和威尔逊(Wilson)的信息查找行为模型。在此基础上,从研究角度、研究内容、研究的深度和广度、研究方法方面对4个模型进行对比分析和客观评价,指出4个模型的共同点及不同之处。     

数字图书馆的资源整合

认为资源整合是数字图书馆建设的重要基础工作。从资源整合的广度考虑，可有三种整合模式：基于OPAC系统的整合、基于数字资源管理的整合和基于知识资源管理的整合；从资源整合的深度考虑，也有三种模式：表现层整合、应用层整合和元数据层整合。通过对以上模式的分析，提出当前可行的整合思路，针对南京师范大学数字图书馆建设提出整合策略。     

基于象限分析法的图书馆服务质量模型的差异性分析——SERVQUAL和LIBQUAL+~(TM)在中国图书馆的应用

SERVQUAL和LIBQUAL+TM是测量图书馆服务质量的两个有效工具,LIBQUAL+TM是以SERVQUAL为基础发展起来的,两个量表之间存在很多相似或相近的指标。采用这两个服务质量评价模型对长三角地区5所大学图书馆进行服务质量测评,运用权重—得分的象限分析方法分别分析其测评结果,结果表明两个量表中相近指标所处象限不尽一致,在此基础上对差异进行分析发现,只有在这两种方法基础上结合我国实际情况开发我国本土的模型,才能更加客观真实地评价我国图书馆服务质量。     

开放资源的组织和再利用

[目的/意义] 以开放获取期刊采集服务体系GoOA建设为契机,研究和实践开放资源的组织和再利用方式。[方法/过程] 基于当前开放资源的发展特点,分析开放资源的5种组织和再利用模式及其特征,并在GoOA建设中实践。[结果/结论] 采用信息组织方式和数据组织方式,GoOA构建开放获取期刊和论文的内容集成发现体系,提供面向不同用户的开放获取期刊再利用特色服务。开放资源的组织和再利用研究,将为图书馆传统资源建设工作带来转型思考,有必要在开放资源建设整体工作中重点关注。     

Enhancing click models with mouse movement information

User interactions in Web search, in particular, clicks, provide valuable hints on document relevance; but the signals are very noisy. In order to better understand user click behaviors and to infer the implied relevance, various click models have been proposed, each relying on some hypotheses and involving different hidden events (e.g. examination). In almost all the existing click models, it is assumed that clicks are the only observable evidence and the examinations of documents are deduced from it. However, with an increasing number of embedded heterogeneous components (e.g. verticals) on Search Engine Result Pages, click information is not sufficient to draw a complete picture of process of user examination, especially in federated search scenario. In practice, we can also collect mouse movement information, which has proven to have a strong correlation with examination. In this paper, we propose to incorporate mouse movement information into existing click models to enhance the estimation of examination. The enhanced click models are shown to have a better ability to predict both user clicks and document relevance, than the original models. The collection of mouse movement information has been implemented in a commercial search engine, showing the feasibility of the approach in practice.     

The usefulness of algorithmic models in policy making

Governments increasingly use algorithmic models to inform their policy making process. Many suggest that employing such quantifications will lead to more efficient, more effective or otherwise better quality policy making. Yet, it remains unclear to what extent these benefits materialize and if so, how they are brought about. This paper draws on the sociology and policy science literature to study how algorithmic models, a particular type of quantification, are used in policy analysis. It presents the outcomes of 38 unstructured interviews with data scientists, policy analysts, and policy makers that work with algorithmic models in government. Based on an in-depth analysis of these interviews, I conclude that the usefulness of algorithmic models in policy analysis is best understood in terms of the commensurability of these quantifications. However, these broad communicative and organizational benefits can only be brought about if algorithmic models are handled with care. Otherwise, they may propagate bias, exclude particular social groups, and will entrench existing worldviews.     

Understanding the relationships between information architectures and business models: An empirical study on the success configurations of smart communities

With the development of Internet of Things (IoT) and big data, many smart city and smart community projects bloomed in recent years. Following the two approaches of smart city development from Kuk and Janssen (2011), the study proposed a synergetic framework for understanding the relationship between information architectures and business models. Since community is a basic unit of a city, the development goals of a smart city are needed to be implemented at the level of communities. The development path of smart community is a configuration set including both information architecture factors and business model patterns. Based on the cases of 69 communities from Beijing, China, we explored successful configurations based on the framework. Using the Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) method, we found that a successful smart community depends on the integration between information architectures and business models, and different business models rely on different information architectures elements. Networking, terminals, and sensors are key information architecture elements that are used more frequently in business models.     

Exploring Patron-Driven Access Models for E-journals and E-books

This session presented two librarians' experiences with patron-driven access models. With an emphasis on collaboration, the librarians explained how pay-per-view and just-in-time acquisitions models are changing how users access information in an era of constrained budgets. The presenters shared strategies and decision-making methods with the audience, as well as the benefits and challenges of these models.     

Learning to rank with (a lot of) word features

In this article we present Supervised Semantic Indexing which defines a class of nonlinear (quadratic) models that are discriminatively trained to directly map from the word content in a query-document or document-document pair to a ranking score. Like Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), our models take account of correlations between words (synonymy, polysemy). However, unlike LSI our models are trained from a supervised signal directly on the ranking task of interest, which we argue is the reason for our superior results. As the query and target texts are modeled separately, our approach is easily generalized to different retrieval tasks, such as cross-language retrieval or online advertising placement. Dealing with models on all pairs of words features is computationally challenging. We propose several improvements to our basic model for addressing this issue, including low rank (but diagonal preserving) representations, correlated feature hashing and sparsification. We provide an empirical study of all these methods on retrieval tasks based on Wikipedia documents as well as an Internet advertisement task. We obtain state-of-the-art performance while providing realistically scalable methods.     

试析以用户为中心的信息集成服务模式

以用户为中心的信息集成服务首先是一种个性化的集成服务.文章分析了目前图书情报领域内七种以用户为中心的信息集成服务模式,即个人数字图书馆集成服务模式、学科门户集成服务模式、集成检索服务模式、合作数字咨询服务模式、基于代理的集成服务模式、基于Web Services的集成服务模式和集成化的知识服务模式.     

数字参考服务模式研究

在对参考咨询涉及到的三个影响较大的信息查寻理论模式--泰勒的信息需求四层次论、德尔文的意义建构模式、库尔索等的信息查寻过程模式作简要介绍的基础上,比较分析目前国外学者提出的两个较有代表性的数字参考服务模式,最后提出建立数字参考服务模式应注意和应考虑的相关问题。     

Simple Bayesian Model for Bitmap Compression

Bitmaps are a useful, but storage voracious, component of many information retrieval systems. Earlier efforts to compress bitmaps were based on models of bit generation, particularly Markov models. While these permitted considerable reduction in storage, the short memory of Markov models may limit their compression efficiency. In this paper we accept the state orientation of Markov models, but introduce a Bayesian approach to assess the state; the analysis is based on data accumulating in a growing window. The paper describes the details of the probabilistic assumptions governing the Bayesian analysis, as well as the protocol for controlling the window that receives the data. We find slight improvement over the best performing strictly Markov models.     

我国图书馆同业影响的实证分析

同业影响分析是在DEA模型研究基础上发展起来的,在评价相对效率优先的生产单元中有广泛应用。本文以DEA模型和同业影响分析为理论基础,选取我国31个省、直辖市、自治区省级公共图书馆的投入产出数据,应用DEAP软件进行计算和分析。结果显示:有5个地区的省级公共图书馆技术有效,其余26个地区省级公共图书馆技术无效且以5个有效省级公共图书馆中的1个或多个为同业目标。