A general definition of the Leimkuhler curve

In this paper, we provide a general definition of the Leimkuhler curve in terms of the theoretical cumulative distribution function. The definition applies to discrete, continuous and mixed random variables. Several examples are given to illustrate the use of the formula.     

A simple relation between the Leimkuhler curve and the mean residual life

In this paper, a simple relation between the Leimkuhler curve and the mean residual life is established. The result is illustrated with several models commonly used in informetrics, such as exponential, Pareto and lognormal. Finally, relationships with some other reliability concepts are also presented.     

Interactive overlays: A new method for generating global journal maps from Web-of-Science data

Recent advances in methods and techniques enable us to develop interactive overlays to a global map of science based on aggregated citation relations among the 9162 journals contained in the Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index 2009. We first discuss the pros and cons of the various options: cited versus citing, multidimensional scaling versus spring-embedded algorithms, VOSViewer versus Gephi, and the various clustering algorithms and similarity criteria. Our approach focuses on the positions of journals in the multidimensional space spanned by the aggregated journal–journal citations. Using VOSViewer for the resulting mapping, a number of choices can be left to the user; we provide default options reflecting our preferences. Some examples are also provided; for example, the potential of using this technique to assess the interdisciplinarity of organizations and/or document sets.     

A method for compiling general concepts with the use of temporal decision trees

Several approaches to generating temporal decision trees for diagnostic purposes and algorithms for generating decision trees are considered. The process of diagnostics based on information about possible faults is modeled. A multiagent approach is used for diagnostics in dynamics.     

A general model of performance and quality for one-stop e-Government service offerings

This paper introduces a framework and methodology for establishing indicators and metrics in order to assess the quality and performance of one-stop e-Government service offerings. The set of quality and performance indicators and metrics proposed has been derived in an outcomes assessment approach, based on the perspectives of e-Government service providers and end-users and following a goal-question-metric line of work that departs from some key quality and performance benefits. A methodology that employs the proposed framework to set improvement targets according to alternative scenarios is presented, and a strategy is elaborated for analyzing root causes of potential quality and performance shortcomings and undertaking appropriate countermeasures. Some results of application in a real case study, in the context of an EU-funded R&D project, are also provided. Finally, recommendations are given about usefulness of the proposed approach for e-Government service providers, as well as policy and decision-makers, and directions of future work are discussed in order to enhance the conceptual coverage of this approach, while at the same time not compromising its simplicity of application and generality of purpose.     

A general approximation framework for direct optimization of information retrieval measures

Recently direct optimization of information retrieval (IR) measures has become a new trend in learning to rank. In this paper, we propose a general framework for direct optimization of IR measures, which enjoys several theoretical advantages. The general framework, which can be used to optimize most IR measures, addresses the task by approximating the IR measures and optimizing the approximated surrogate functions. Theoretical analysis shows that a high approximation accuracy can be achieved by the framework. We take average precision (AP) and normalized discounted cumulated gains (NDCG) as examples to demonstrate how to realize the proposed framework. Experiments on benchmark datasets show that the algorithms deduced from our framework are very effective when compared to existing methods. The empirical results also agree well with the theoretical results obtained in the paper.     

新型网络信息分类法——Folksonomy

Folksonomy是一种全新网络信息组织分类方法。文章对Folksonomy的来源、涵义、特点加以阐述,研究其与现有的网络信息分类法的关系,分析了分众分类法未来发展趋势。     

A new method for making advanced textbooks

The Space Science Series has developed a method of publishing advanced text and source books that provide up-to-date information on fast-moving fields. Seventeen books have been published, ranging in length from 484 to 1,294 pages. They are produced in between a year and two years at a price below $56. This article describes the procedure by which topics are selected and articles solicited and referred, as well as editorial and production processes. Fundraising and budgets are also described. The series might be used as a model for similar series in other scientific disciplines and for books on global issues that need advanced interdisciplinary study.     

The $20 question: generating and evaluating theory

Objective: To demonstrate how to generate and evaluate theory

Course: Communication Theory     

A refined method for computing bibliographic coupling strengths

We propose a new method for computing the bibliographic coupling strength between two documents. This new method is based on the TF-IDF formula from the field of information retrieval. It is shown that this formula is a valid alternative for the original formula introduced by Kessler and is, from a probabilistic point of view, a correction of the Vladutz-Cook formula. We further define a cosine based similarity formula generalizing the Sen-Gan coupling angle formula.     

用“六步法”完成医学论文数据表的审核

通过实例,总结出"六步法",用以审核医学论文的数据表。这有助于编辑系统、全面、有规律地对数据表进行审核,以减少错误,提高编辑效率和编辑质量。     

A scalable and adaptive method for finding semantically equivalent cue words of uncertainty

Scientific knowledge is constantly subject to a variety of changes due to new discoveries, alternative interpretations, and fresh perspectives. Understanding uncertainties associated with various stages of scientific inquiries is an integral part of scientists’ domain expertise and it serves as the core of their meta-knowledge of science. Despite the growing interest in areas such as computational linguistics, systematically characterizing and tracking the epistemic status of scientific claims and their evolution in scientific disciplines remains a challenge. We present a unifying framework for the study of uncertainties explicitly and implicitly conveyed in scientific publications. The framework aims to accommodate a wide range of uncertainty types, from speculations to inconsistencies and controversies. We introduce a scalable and adaptive method to recognize semantically equivalent cues of uncertainty across different fields of research and accommodate individual analysts’ unique perspectives. We demonstrate how the new method can be used to expand a small seed list of uncertainty cue words and how the validity of the expanded candidate cue words is verified. We visualize the mixture of the original and expanded uncertainty cue words to reveal the diversity of expressions of uncertainty. These cue words offer a novel resource for the study of uncertainty in scientific assertions.     

推荐一种新方法 强化期刊社会效益

提出了质量功能扩展方法与编辑系统相结合的方法,即质量功能扩展系统方法,并给出强化系统功能的简单表达式。表达式中以“效益”作为功能强化因子,而因子为系统接受系统外部环境的信息,即用“读者要求”协调和强化编辑系统功能。通过逐层和逐级系统功能的扩展,使刊物社会功能尽量与实际情形相符合。     

A new unsupervised method for document clustering by using WordNet lexical and conceptual relations

Text document clustering provides an effective and intuitive navigation mechanism to organize a large amount of retrieval results by grouping documents in a small number of meaningful classes. Many well-known methods of text clustering make use of a long list of words as vector space which is often unsatisfactory for a couple of reasons: first, it keeps the dimensionality of the data very high, and second, it ignores important relationships between terms like synonyms or antonyms. Our unsupervised method solves both problems by using ANNIE and WordNet lexical categories and WordNet ontology in order to create a well structured document vector space whose low dimensionality allows common clustering algorithms to perform well. For the clustering step we have chosen the bisecting k-means and the Multipole tree, a modified version of the Antipole tree data structure for, respectively, their accuracy and speed.

肿瘤学研究论文中的生存曲线图谬误辨析

对肿瘤学期刊已发表的论文或稿件中绘制生存曲线所存在的问题进行实例分析,以期为编辑人员加工文稿时提供参考.     

Peer observation of teaching: A method for improving teaching quality

This study reports the results of a peer observation programme undertaken in the Library and Information Service at Aston University (where the author then worked). The conditions necessary for a successful peer observation programme are listed, and the necessary training is described. The results of the study are discussed in relation to the literature, with particular reference to the benefits of peer observation and the barriers to its implementation. The conclusions drawn from this study are that peer observation is a useful tool for encouraging lecturers to reflect on their own teaching practice, and thus improve the quality of teaching offered. This is true irrespective of the subject being taught. It is however important that the observation takes place in a supportive environment.