Why are some university researchers more likely to create spin-offs than others? Evidence from Canadian universities

This paper addresses the following question: why are some university researchers more likely to create spin-off companies than others? In order to explain why university researchers create spin-offs, we draw on the resource-based theory of the firm. The study database consists of 1554 university researchers funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). The logistic regression results suggest that the traditional and entrepreneurial visions of university research complement each other when one looks at the resources mobilized by researchers to launch spin-offs.     

Entrepreneurs from technology-based universities: Evidence from MIT

This paper analyzes major patterns and trends in entrepreneurship among technology-based university alumni since the 1930s by asking two related research questions: (1) Who enters entrepreneurship, and has this changed over time? (2) How does the rate of entrepreneurship vary with changes in the entrepreneurial business environment? We describe findings based on data from two linked datasets joining Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) alumni and founder information. New company formation rates by MIT alumni have grown dramatically over seven decades, and the median age of first time entrepreneurs has gradually declined from about age 40 (1950s) to about age 30 (1990s). Women alumnae lag their male counterparts in the rate at which they become entrepreneurs, and alumni who are not U.S. citizens enter entrepreneurship at different (usually higher) rates relative to their American classmates. New venture foundings over time are correlated with measures of the changing external entrepreneurial and business environment, suggesting that future research in this domain may wish to more carefully examine such factors.     

Productivity gains from migration: Evidence from inventors

This paper studies the relationship between migration and the productivity of high-skilled workers, as captured by inventors of international patent applications. Using machine learning techniques to uniquely identify inventors across patents, we are able to track the migration patterns of nearly one million individual inventors across countries. Migrant inventors account for more than nine percent of inventors in our sample. The econometric analysis seeks to explain the recurring finding in the literature that migrant inventors are more productive than non-migrant inventors. We find evidence that migrant inventors become about twenty-three percent more productive after having migrated. The disambiguated inventor data are openly available.     

从经济层面看华侨华人与中国软实力——以印度尼西亚为视角

华侨华人对中国的经济发展与社会进步、国际地位的提高和国家形象的改善起到了一定的推动作用.从经济层面看,印尼华侨华人对中国软实力的提升主要体现在社会资本、投资能力、商战经验、商业伦理等方面.     

Innovation effects of academic executives: Evidence from China

Since the 1980s, policy reforms have been undertaken in China to gradually promote entrepreneurship of academic researchers. Based on manually collected data on academic executives (defined as either chairperson of the board or CEO, who had an academic title), we investigate the effects of academic executives on corporate technological capabilities and innovation performance among Chinese listed manufacturing firms from 2001 to 2015. Our results demonstrate that firms with academic executives are more likely to implement technological advancement strategies by increasing firm basic research, collaborating with outside institutions, and providing incentives to knowledge workers. Consequently, they have enhanced technological capabilities, as well as a higher quantity and quality of innovation output. In addition, firms with academic executives are more likely to have better financial performance regarding sales and profitability and keep a higher proportion of profits inside the firm to reinvest. The identification of the causal effects of academic executives relies on top executive turnover within firms and the propensity score matching strategy. Further analysis demonstrates that the effects of academic executives are more pronounced when they have a higher academic title, administrative experience, and a specialization in sciences. Our findings suggest that promoting entrepreneurship of academic researchers is an effective way of diffusing and utilizing knowledge, and it provides an internal driving force for the enhancement of corporate technological capabilities, which is crucial for technological catch-up of firms in latecomer countries.     

Quantifying revolutionary discoveries: Evidence from Nobel prize-winning papers

Numerous metrics have been developed to identify revolutionary science which is crucial for advancing science. However, these metrics have rarely successfully identified revolutionary discoveries. We propose a two-dimension metric to quantify revolutionary discoveries by combining the consolidation-or-destabilization (CD) index with the citation count. To verify the validity of the metric, we utilize multivariate linear regression to investigate the differences in the CD indices and citations between 164 Nobel prize-winning papers from 1976 to 2016 (i.e., revolutionary science) and 9,034 counterparts that are similar to the Nobel prize-winning papers in terms of bibliographic information. We find that our proposed metric successfully shows a significant and distinct difference between the Nobel prize-winning papers and their counterparts in that the former receive around 880 more citations and 0.07 higher CD indices than the latter. The reliability of our proposed measure is robust.     

企业研发投入的影响因素——基于我国制造企业调查数据的研究

利用我国制造企业2005年的调查数据,研究相关因素对企业研发支出及研发强度的影响.研究发现,地区经济发展水平(所在省份人均CDP)及是否有外商投资企业与研发支出的绝对值和强度之间均呈显著的正向关系;企业规模与研发强度之间存在显著正向关系,但与研发支出之间只呈不显著的正向关系;出口导向与研发支出间呈不显著的正向关系,与研发强度之间则呈显著负向关系;亏损企业的研发支出显著低于盈利企业,但其研发强度却高于盈利企业;没有发现财务杠杆与研发活动之间存在显著关系.     

基于引用的科技文献排名算法

[目的/意义]旨在将科技文献的价值进行量化,提高PageRank算法应用在科技文献排名中的准确性。[方法/过程]在加入时间因子的PageRank算法的改进算法WPageRank的基础上,加入引用相关度进行改进,并计算文献的固有价值,与文献的PageRank值进行加权求和,得到文献的最终价值。[结果/结论]本文提出的方法使新发表的高质量文献也可以获得较高排名,并且使领域内的高质量文献更容易被检索到,同时保证了检索的时效性和主题集中性。     

Barriers to Networked Governments: Evidence from Europe 1

Abstract

Progress towards realizing the full potential of ‘e‐government’—using digital technologies to improve public services and government–citizen engagements—has been slower and less effective than the technologies’ take‐up in spheres such as e‐commerce. Evidence from across Europe reported here, including an online survey and case studies, indicates a significant reason has been an overly narrow focus on substituting electronic for traditional services. Theoretical and empirical perspectives on barriers to e‐government identified (e.g. poor coordination; workplace and organizational inflexibility) suggest greater attention should be given to supporting organization innovations to achieve maximum benefits from networking in the public sector.     

Network dynamics in regional clusters: Evidence from Chile

A wealth of empirical literature shows that one of elements of success for regional clusters is that they facilitate the formation of local inter-organizational networks, which act as conduits of knowledge and innovation. While several studies analyse the benefits and characteristics of regional cluster networks, very little is known about how such networks evolve over time and the extent to which their dynamics can affect development processes. Using longitudinal data on a wine cluster in Chile and Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models (SAOM) to measure network dynamics, this paper examines the microdynamics underpinning the formation of new knowledge ties among wineries. It finds that the coexistence of cohesion effects (reciprocity and transitivity) with the weak knowledge bases of some firms in the cluster contribute to a stable informal hierarchical network structure over time. The empirical results have implications for theories on network dynamics in regional clusters and cluster policies.     

从评价指标的变化看排名位次的移动——对我国科技竞争力世界排名的研究与思考

科技实力是促进经济发展的关键因素和综合国力的重要组成部分。文章依据IMD所公布的科技竞争力世界排名,客观地分析了我国1998年以来科技竞争力世界排名下降的原因,并通过相关指标的变化,模拟预测了排名位次的移动,围绕如何提升我国的科技竞争力提出了几点政策建议。     

一种在线商品评论信息可信度的排序方法

本研究以信息采纳模型为理论支撑,将文本型评论与数值型评论的一致性进行量化,与其他可信度影响因素相结合,提出了一种在线商品评论信息可信度的排序方法,对淘宝中买家给出的评论按照可信度大小进行排序。结果能够反映淘宝中信誉评价的真实情况,帮助买家购买决策。     

Origin of Birds: Decade-Long Efforts and Evidence from China

<正>In its 2014 version of top 10 ground-breaking discoveries and achievements released on December 19,Science,the world-leading journal included the transition from dinosaurs to birds in its annual selection,noting that a series of papers detailed how certain dinosaurian lineages developed small,lightweight body features,which have enabled them to evolve into birds and gain the ability to fly.The dinosaur-bird transition,now evaluated as one of     

The fitness of product information: Evidence from online recommendations

Recently, online recommendations have become a main channel for enterprise promotion; however, little evidence has been directed toward understanding the fitness of products information in the online recommendations context. The current study examines the fitness of recommended products information and budget of customers selves’ situation tries to find the key factors that buy exceed the recommended products in the online channels. Drawing upon the customer satisfaction index (CSI) and the price information seeking behavior (PISB) model, this paper proposes a research model and validates it in the context of recommendations from the well-known e-commerce websites from 342 participants. With Amos 18.0 this study finds that, in the online environment, the constructs of CSI are evaluated in online recommendations, in addition, finds the fitness of products information can be vital factor impact perceived quality, value, satisfaction, and buy extra. Moreover, the budget constraints of customers positively impact price comparison, and price comparisons negatively impact satisfactions. This research sheds light on the buy extra behavior in online recommendations and provides insights into the marketing promotion strategies in electronic markets.     

蒙代尔-弗莱明模型的非结构化经验分析:来自中国的证据

在经济全球化的背景下，蒙代尔-弗莱明模型的理论方法及其结论已逐渐成为各国制定宏观经济政策的实践基础。然而，我国的经济体制和实际情况与蒙代尔-弗莱明模型中的基本假设不完全相符，将蒙代尔-弗莱明模型的理论结论作为制定宏观调控政策的决策依据需要经过实践检验。本文基于向量误差修正模型，通过检验经济系统对各种结构冲击的响应，来评估蒙代尔-弗莱明模型对中国经济发展变化的预测能力，进而判断蒙代尔-弗莱明模型在中国的适用性本文的经验分析结果显示，蒙代尔-弗莱明模型在中国是基本适用的。     

CAS researchers find a new mineral

Mineralogists from the CAS Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry（GIG） recently discovered Xieite, a chromium-iron oxide in its natural state. It has been authorized as a new mineral by Commission on New Minerals Nomenclature and Classification under the International Mineralogical Association （CNMNC-IMA）.     

面向XML文档的模糊检索排序模型

研究了XML文档检索的特性,归纳了XML文档模糊检索的结构放松和内容放松的影响因素。在此基础上,设计了模糊结构和内容检索的结果相关性排序模型;并设计了满足这种排序模型的top-K排序算法和搜索引擎的体系结构。     

对决策单元进行排序的一种方法

传统DEA模型只能评价决策单元的相对有效性,将决策单元分为有效和非有效的两类,而不能对决策单元进行排序。本文提出一种新的对策策单元进行排序的DEA方法,该方法通过在DEA模型中引入理想DMU来得到一组公共权重,并以此为基准排序。     

从JCR期刊分区看高校学科与科研发展

基于<2009年JCR期刊分区报告>,从学科结构角度,对东华大学2004-2008年被SCIE收录的学术论文进行统计研究,通过对各学科论文产出能力的分析,探讨了东华大学的学科发展现状及趋势.同时基于CSCD收录东华大学2004-2008年发文情况,对比该校国际相对优势学科与国内相对优势学科的差异.论文分析结果对于评价高校学科与科研发展,调整并优化学科建设规划具有可借鉴性.