非政府组织在可持续发展中发挥的作用

作为一个非政府组织的代表，我参加了2002年8月26日至9月4日在南非约翰内斯堡世界可持续发展峰会(下简称峰会)。本届峰会是继1992年里约联合国环境与发展大会后的又一次盛会，是联合国迄今就可持续发展问题召开的规模最大的会议。来自世界各国104个国家元首和政府首脑在内     

组织中学习与绩效相互作用机理研究

本文首先在文献述评的基础上指出了组织中学习和绩效概念的一系列本质特征,然后分析了组织中学习与绩效的相互作用机理,提出了组织的学习-绩效环模型,并分析了组织内外部环境对学习--绩效环运行的影响机制,最后通过两个案例验证了本文的观点。     

Knowledge development and advice networks in professional organizations

In this paper, social network analysis techniques and regression models are used to explain the impact of the level of knowledge development on ego-network redundancy in a community of hospital physicians. Our findings document that the level of knowledge development and the extent to which knowledge is homogeneously distributed amongst collaborating physicians are related to the redundancy of their advice networks, albeit with opposite effects. Our results highlight also that the impact of these relationships on network redundancy is moderated based on whether partnering individuals belong to different professional groups. Our results provide valuable input for the management of knowledge networks within professional organizations.     

Knowledge management and performance in UAE business organizations

Knowledge management is gaining prominence in academia and the world of business practice. The need for organizations in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to empower themselves through knowledge management cannot be ignored. Yet, not much empirical evidence on the subject can be found in the literature. This study investigates the relationship between knowledge management and organizational performance in the UAE. The knowledge management dimensions considered in this paper are organizational culture, organizational infrastructure, technical infrastructure, management support, reward and vision clarity. Organizational performance is measured in terms of efficiency, customer satisfaction, decision-making, quality of work and financial benefits. A questionnaire was used to collect data from general managers, functional managers, IT managers and chief knowledge officers from a variety of business sectors. Results of one sample t-test show that the dimensions used in this study enhance performance improvement. Results also show that except for reward and vision clarity, all investigated knowledge management dimensions are significantly correlated with performance improvement.     

国际非政府组织在华活动的主要问题

目前,大量国际非政府组织在中国境内开展活动。它们的活动在一定程度上帮助中国解决了发展过程中的一些经济、社会问题,同时也带来了诸多问题。这些问题主要表现在:危害中国国家安全和统一,影响了中国的政治和社会稳定;助长了腐败行为;造成了环境污染等。对于国际非政府组织在中国的活动及其存在的问题,中国政府需要进一步完善立法,加强监管,趋利避害。     

Membership,governance, and lobbying in standard-setting organizations

Standard-setting organizations (SSOs) are collectively self-governed industry associations, formed by innovators and implementers. They are a key organizational form to agree on and manage technical standards, and form the foundation for many technological and economic sectors. We develop a model of endogeneous SSO participation that highlights different incentives for joining (namely licensing, learning, and implementation). We analyze equilibrium selection and conduct comparative statics for a policy parameter that is related to implementer-friendly Intellectual Property Rights policies, or alternatively, minimum viable implementation. The results can reconcile existing evidence, including that many SSO member firms are small. The extent of statutory participation of implementers in SSO control has an inverted U-shape effect on industry profits and welfare.     

Team member proximity and teamwork in innovative projects

Innovation teams vary in terms of team members’ proximity, i.e., the degree to which all team members are in direct vicinity over the duration of the project. The proximity of team members, however, has potentially important implications for the collaborative working of teams. In this paper, we develop and test hypotheses relating team members’ proximity to the performance-relevant team collaborative processes included in Hoegl and Gemuenden's [Organization Science 12 (4) (2001) 435] teamwork quality framework, i.e., communication, coordination, balance of member contributions, mutual support, effort, and cohesion. Using data from 430 team members and team leaders of 145 software development teams, the results of the regression models show that team members’ proximity is significantly related to teamwork quality. However, the magnitude of the relationship between proximity and teamwork quality varies among the six facets of teamwork quality. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

Financial signaling by innovative nascent ventures: The relevance of patents and prototypes

External finance is a central issue for innovative nascent ventures. In this study, we argue that innovative nascent ventures may use patents to signal appropriability and prototypes to signal feasibility to potential investors. Using new data on 906 nascent ventures, we find that nascent ventures with patents or patent applications as well as prototyped innovations are more likely to obtain equity finance. However, nascent ventures that can solely signal appropriability by patenting are not more likely to obtain equity finance. This result may indicate that venture capitalists and business angels assign higher value to the appropriability signal when coupled with feasibility and vice versa.     

组织知识型决策的影响因素及效果探析

探讨知识与决策的关系,尤其是组织决策与知识之间的关系,深入讨论影响组织的知识型决策的因素。在总结学者提出的知识型决策时的知识转移方式和转移成本的基础上,分析两种知识转移方式中可能存在的障碍,运用知识管理理论进一步深入分析知识型决策可能面临的风险,并结合决策理论提出度量知识型决策的效果和决策的知识支持程度的若干指标。     

科技队伍建设中的"社团认可价值体系"

<正>科学技术社团是推动科技事业发展的重要力量。科技社团通过各种活动,促进科学技术的发展,促进经济和社会的发展,同时团结和凝聚起一支与"科技兴国"战略任务相适应的科学技术队伍,赋予这支队伍强盛的生命力。     

组织中的学习战略演化及其案例研究

经济的全球化、商业环境的剧烈变化促使组织采取相应的学习战略来提高自身的学习能力。由于商业环境的不同、组织自身的条件各异，组织采取的学习战略会各不相同。文章讨论了一个组织内学习战略演化的三阶段模型，这三个阶段是：职工开发、逼近的商业需要、未知的商业开发。然后，对Motorola大学在公司内战略地位的变化历程进行了剖析。最后得出了一些有借鉴意义的经验和结论。     

韩国的科技计划评估和研究机构评估

各国政府借助国家计划加强了对社会经济的干预，科技评估也日益成为国家科技管理中不可缺少的重要手段。以韩国为例，介绍了韩国的科技计划评估体系、执行机构，并探讨了对政府研究机构的评价。     

典型国家的创新促进机构及对我国的启示

近年来,世界许多国家都建立了专门的促进技术创新的机构.比较有代表性的包括芬兰、英国、日本等国,目前美国也在酝酿创立国家创新基金会.我国已经提出明确的创新政策,但促进创新的机制尚不完善.本研究在对典型国家创新促进机构进行分析的基础上,提出了对我国创建创新促进机构的设想.     

合同研究组织探析及其在中国的发展

合同研究组织(CRO)是因制药业发展应运而生的一种新型研发服务组织.作者总结了CRO产生的驱动因素,分析了全球CRO产业的现状、发展趋势以及我国CRO的发展现状,最后针对我国CRO产业的优势和问题,提出了我国发展CRO产业的建议.     

Innovation in services in networks of organizations and in the distribution of services

Three approaches of studying innovation in services are recognized: the assimilation, demarcation and synthesis approach. The synthesis approach attempts to arrive at a theory relevant for service and manufacturing. Gallouj and Weinstein [Gallouj, F., Weinstein, O., 1997. Innovation in services. Research Policy 26, 537-556] were one of the first to take this approach. This article contributes to the synthesis approach by revising their theory to enable reasoning about recent innovation trends in networks of organizations and in the distribution of services. The theory revision is based on several case studies. Implications for the study of innovation are discussed in terms of results from recent demarcation studies.     

现代通信技术及标准课程研讨式教学法

研讨式教学能够提高学生参与课堂教学的积极性和主动性,比传统的灌输式教学取得更好的教学效果。文章介绍在《现代通信技术及标准》教学过程中运用的几种研讨式教学法。     

关于科技团体接受政府职能转移的思考

属于科技类社会团体的学会，是近代科技大发展的产物。学会诞生的时间远早于其他各类经济性社团组织。世界上存在时间最长的学会一英国皇家学会创立于1660年。该学会实际上起着国家科学院的作用，是世界名的科学研究中心，同时作为政府的咨询机构，并负责管理议会批准的科研及出版科学书籍的拨款。     

关于科技团体接受政府职能转移的思考

一、科技团体承接政府职能转移的可行性 经济增长方式的转变和结构的调整对科技的需求增加了,因而对学会提供服务的需求也增加了.党的十六届三中全会通过的<中共中央关于完善社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定>明确指出,要树立以人为本,全面协调可持续的科学发展观.胡锦涛同志2005年2月又指出:"我们所要建设的社会主义和谐社会,应该是民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序、人与自然和谐相处的社会."建立和谐社会,说明国家对整个社团组织的作用也给予了更高的重视.     

慈善组织助学活动的社会影响及发展建议——对湖北“慈善阳光班”的考察

本文通过对湖北“慈善阳光班”的缘起、发展概况和运作方式的阐述,分析了慈善组织助学活动的的社会影响,并提出了其今后的发展建议。