上海市专利资助政策对专利申请量的影响作用分析

 以上海市专利资助政策为研究对象,用非参数统计方法分析了该政策对专利申请数量和质量的影响,并构建理论模型对实证结论进行解释。结论表明当前上海市的专利资助政策对发明专利和实用新型专利申请数量具有明显的提升作用,而对外观设计专利申请量的提升并无统计意义上的作用,同时该资助政策对各种专利的质量却存在着一定的消极影响。最后,通过专利申请人的成本收益模型解释上述结论并给出了本文研究的政策含义。     

静脉识别技术专利情报实证分析

利用Orbit专利信息检索数据库和incoPat分析工具,对全球静脉识别技术专利情报进行检索策略、申请趋势、技术应用区域和创新机构竞争态势分析,尤其对核心专利进行深度挖掘,为国内相关研发提供参考。分析结果表明,静脉识别技术领域的研究热点集中于手指静脉认证系统改进和静脉图像特征识别领域,日本和韩国在该技术领域的研发实力较强,各自拥有独特的核心专利。中国虽然在该技术领域专利申请量最大,但核心专利较少,核心创新能力有待提高。     

Partisan patent examiners? Exploring the link between the political ideology of patent examiners and patent office outcomes

Patents are key strategic resources which enable firms to appropriate innovation returns and prevent rival imitation. Patent examiners – individuals who may be subject to various sources of bias – play a central role in determining which inventions are awarded patent rights. Using a novel dataset, we explore if one increasingly prevalent source of bias – political ideology – manifests in examiner decision-making. Reassuringly, our analysis suggests that the political ideology of patent examiners is largely unrelated to patent office outcomes. However, we do find evidence suggesting politically active conservative-leaning examiners are more likely to grant patents relative to politically active liberal-leaning examiners, but only for patent applications where there is ambiguity regarding what constitutes patentable subject matter and hence examiners have greater discretion.     

Political uncertainty and innovation: The relative effects of national leaders’ education levels and regime systems on firm-level patent applications

We explore the effect of political uncertainty on innovation. In particular, we examine the differential effects of two sources of uncertainty – leaders’ education levels and political regimes (i.e., presidential vs. parliamentary) – on patent applications. We posit that firms react to political uncertainty caused by the unexpected departure of a national leader by investing in patents as growth options. The empirical design analyzes a panel with information from over 62 million patent applications at the aggregated applicant level. Results show that leaders’ unexpected departures cause, on average, increases of approximately 9% in the aggregate growth of patent applications. We also find that the leader’s level of education and the country’s political regime system have significant effects on the relationship between political uncertainty and innovation. The difference between leaders with high and low levels of education accounts for 21% of the change in the growth of patent applications. Further, the effect of political uncertainty on innovation is amplified in presidential systems, which grant leaders more power and make electoral transitions less predictable. The differences between presidential and parliamentary systems account for approximately 16% of the change in the growth of patent applications. As a robustness check, we utilized a subsample of more than 170,000 firms with local and foreign patent applications, as well as a panel of over 5700 government non-profits, universities, and hospitals with local patent applications. Consistent with our theory, the former react to political uncertainty by investing in patents, while the latter remain unaffected. We contribute by showing the theoretical mechanisms linking leader and regime characteristics with patent applications.     

基于客观组合赋权模型的企业专利质量评价研究——以苏州市吴中区知识密集型企业为例

为客观、精确地评价企业专利质量,从专利技术、法律和经济质量三个方面构建企业专利质量评价指标体系。基于客观组合赋权法,进一步运用评价对象间差异最大思想,构建企业专利质量组合赋权评价模型,实证分析2014-2016年苏州市吴中区知识密集型企业专利质量。研究结果表明此方法具有一定的有效性和可操作性,且显示企业有效专利占全部专利授权量的比例,发明专利平均权利要求数量和发明专利申请授权率是企业专利质量评价中权重系数最大的3个指标。     

基于专利地图的技术标准与技术专利关系研究

 技术专利与技术标准的日益融合是标准化领域的一个重要趋势,正深刻改变着标准竞争的规则。以GSM标准及其必要专利为研究样本,应用Aureka和TDA分析工具生成专利地图,进而揭示专利与标准的关系。研究表明,在核心技术领域申请专利,成为企业参与标准创立的重要手段;主要专利权人持有的必要专利,不仅为早期标准创立奠定了技术基础,而且决定着标准未来的技术发展方向;通过专利地图分析发现,标准涉及的主要专利权人倾向于结成战略联盟,使这些企业之间的技术具有强相关性。     

THE EFFECTIVE PATENT LIFE OF PHARMACEUTICALS IN NEW ZEALAND — A SIMULATION

This paper estimates effective patent life of pharmaceuticals in New Zealand (NZ EPL). A simulation technique is used based on the linking effect of the International Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property. The simulation procedure suggests that NZ EPL is declining and will yield no protection in the fairly near future, for drugs from the USA, UK and Switzerland. Two consequences for pharmaceuticals are suggested. One, the focus of the NZ patent term is likely to shift from the normal period of 16 years to the maximum available when extensions are included. Two, applications for extensions are likely to become routine. In these terms the recommendations by the Industrial Property Advisory Committee (IPAC), at least as they apply to pharmaceuticals, that the current patent life remain unchanged at 16 years and extensions have a maximum of 4 and not 10 years, are somewhat puzzling.     

Patents and knowledge diffusion: The impact of machine translation

One of the main rationales for the existence of the patent system is to encourage knowledge diffusion through the full disclosure of the technical knowledge embodied in a patented invention. Yet, economists and legal scholars cast doubts on the validity of the disclosure theory. The empirical evidence on the actual benefits of the disclosure function remains limited. The present paper aims to expand our understanding of how information spreads via patent disclosure and exploits recent improvements in machine translation (MT) to identify the effect of broader access to patented knowledge. More specifically, the paper uses a unique natural experiment. In September 2013, Google launched a major upgrade to its Google Patents service and added patent applications from the China National Intellectual Property Agency (CNIPA) to its searchable patent database. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we show that the translation of the Chinese patents into English resulted in an increase in citations received from patents filed by US inventors compared to a suitable control group comprising patents that Google translated only in 2016. Our results suggest that improved access to patented knowledge fosters knowledge diffusion.     

专利质量视角的专利代理人胜任特征模型研究

专利代理是将创新成果转化为专利权的重要环节,专利代理人是与专利质量密切相关的专利制度实践者,是专利制度有效运转的重要支撑。专利代理人是与专利质量密切相关的专利制度实践者,对于专利代理人胜任特征的研究能为我国专利质量的提升提供有力的依据和借鉴。本研究从专利代理人的胜任特征内涵入手,构建专利代理人胜任特征的理论框架,运用多元统计分析中的因子分析方法进行深入研究,在实证研究的基础上构建专利代理人胜任特征模型,并对每项胜任特征的内涵进行剖析。研究结果表明：专利代理人的胜任特征是一个多维层次结构模型,胜任特征模型由九项胜任特征构成,分别为：知识结构、技能经验、外语技能、职业能力、社交能力、个人品质、发展动机、职业素养、业务素养。针对专利代理人胜任特征模型的讨论,能够为我国专利质量的提升以及专利代理服务行业的发展提供有益的参考和建议。     

全球专利发展现状及其启示 ——基于《2020世界知识产权指标》专利数据分析

针对世界知识产权组织在日内瓦发布的《2020世界知识产权指标》报告中的专利数据展开分析.《2020世界知识产权指标》报告显示,我国专利申请总数和授权总数均位列世界第一.但数据显示,我国居民海外专利申请量还远远低于美国、日本等国家,我国海外专利布局区域不平衡,我国申请人有效专利流失严重,平均使用年限偏低.为此,我国应加快...     

中国农业专利的分布及影响因素

梳理1985—2017年间中国农业发明专利和实用新型专利的演进,采用Pyatt分解的基尼系数量化区域分布差异变化,并实证省域层面专利数的影响因素。研究发现：中国农业专利数加速攀升,专利以动植物栽培管理工艺和人工合成剂类居多,研发主体以本土农业科研机构为核心,本土企业在数量上正赶超美日欧跨国公司;区域间专利布局不均衡且存在马太效应,东北区域内失衡严重;科技研发经费投入与农业经济发展是专利增长的重要因素,科研机构从业人员与地方专利激励政策的作用不显著。     

提前失效专利对专利价值的影响研究

探索提前失效专利对专利价值的影响,对推进我国专利质量工程建设和知识产权强国战略实施,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。提前失效专利是指在专利有效保护期限内,应该有效但由于种种原因而提前终止效力的专利。基于IncoPat科技创新平台检索的、2002—2018年间中国全部发明授权专利数据3 066 400个检索结果,借助该平台人工智能技术植入价值度计算的应用模块,从四种主要专利申请人类型——产业、大学、科研院所和个人视角,分析了各类型申请人全部专利、有效专利、提前失效专利价值变化趋势。研究结果揭示了提前失效专利价值远远低于有效专利价值;失效率越高,价值度就越低;大学专利失效率最高等。下一步拟进一步探索专利提前失效的原因及应采取的防范措施,以全面提高专利价值和专利质量。     

专利权与企业绩效有关吗?——台湾制造业之实证研究

在知识经济的时代,专利权无疑成为企业重要的竞争资源,许多企业积极申请专利保护,期待专利权带来的效益,唯专利权亦需支付昂贵的成本,其是否对企业绩效具有正向影响是值得探讨之问题,过去未曾有系统性的研究,为厘清此一问题,本研究以台湾1000大制造业为研究对象,搜集2004年至2007年公告之专利权数及专利权种类,分析企业所投入之专利权与企业绩效之关系,研究结果显示专利权数与企业绩效之营业收入、税后纯益有显着的正相关且具有递延效果,其中发明专利与企业绩效之影响大于新型、新式样专利,此现象值得台湾制造业省思。     

清华大学美国专利分析与高校海外专利推进策略

通过对2011-2013清华大学在美国授权专利和历年公开美国专利的统计与分析,本文总结了清华大学美国专利在授权专利组成、合作企业性质、历年增长速度、优势技术领域上的四个特点;同时结合国内高校美国专利和PCT国际专利申请现状,指出了国内高校普遍存在的美国专利少和PCT申请少的问题,提出借鉴清华大学成功经验,国内高校完善专利保护机制、挖掘自身科研特色、结合企业技术需求、加快布局海外专利的应对策略。     

我国LED封装技术专利丛林测量实证研究

如何证明并测量专利丛林,一直是一个难题。专利丛林是指众多且重叠的专利,可能形成稠密的网络,寻求将新技术商业化的企业必须获得多个专利权人的许可。由于我国专利文献不要求说明专利引证关系,所有国外的测量方法在我国无法适用。本文以1997-2010年我国LED封装技术专利为样本,综合运用帕累托位序规模法、比例法和首位度等方法进行测量,研究表明我国LED封装技术领域专利呈现分散趋势。     

金融商业方法专利诉讼行为之经验研究

摘要：为探讨金融商业方法专利诉讼策略,本文研究了专利价值和专利公开程度对金融企业专利诉讼行为的影响。实证研究结果表明：价值越大的专利或公开越多的专利,诉讼的可能性越大;进一步研究发现,专利公开对诉讼行为的影响因专利价值不同而有所差异。当专利价值较低时,该专利引证的专利技术文献越多,专利权利人提起诉讼的可能性越大。     

标准必要专利FRAND原则的解释与适用

专利权人在向标准组织申请将其专利写入标准时,通常需要披露专利并遵循"公平、合理和非歧视(FRAND)"许可原则,但是FRAND原则充满模糊性。如何理解和适用FRAND原则直接关系到技术标准的推广和创新的激励。以我国近期发生的4起标准必要专利案件为例,分析我国如何解释与适用FRAND原则,以明确我国对标准必要专利许可的专利政策。     

专利申请人之信息披露义务的价值、模式与规则重构

专利申请人的信息披露义务,就是要求申请人将其知悉的、对申请的可专利性有重要影响的信息,主动提供给专利行政机关。信息披露义务的科学构建和恰当履行,有助于降低审查信息的搜索成本,有助于提升专利申请和审查的质量,有助于建立诚信的专利运行体系。根据违反义务所需承担法律责任的不同,信息披露义务可以区分为强法律责任、弱法律责任和无法律责任三种立法模式。我国专利法的规定属无法律责任模式,这导致我国专利信息披露义务的虚置化,严重影响了专利制度价值目标的实现。应当从信息披露义务的主体、应为披露的内容、披露的时间和方式等方面重构我国专利信息披露制度,同时为违反信息披露义务的行为规定明确的法律责任。     

基于Innography平台的青蒿素类药物专利情报分析

青蒿素类药物对全球防治疟疾等传染性疾病,保护世界人民的生命健康安全具有重要作用。基于Innography专利分析平台,从专利申请、专利布局、专利技术来源、竞争态势、IPC技术类别等角度对全球和中国青蒿素类药物研发的发展态势进行探讨,并在挖掘该领域核心专利的基础上,进一步分析核心专利的来源国家、专利权人及技术主题状况。研究表明,全球青蒿素类药物研发正处于快速发展时期,中国拥有该领域大量专利,但绝大多数核心专利均掌握在美国等西方国家手中。研究可为全面了解青蒿素类药物研发的发展状况,制定科学的产业发展政策提供重要参考。