手机传播与公民新闻

本文以手机传播为讨论对象,试分析手机媒介是如何介入公民参与,并成为公民新闻实现的技术条件的。同时探讨手机媒介如何搭建有效的公民新闻运行环境,最后指出这种模式存在的问题及发展方向。     

中国环保传播与公民社会建设

当前中国环境危机不断加深,需要环保传播的改进和提高.环保传播以环境信息为依托,引发舆论和公共参与,助推公民社会的成长.公民社会作为"第三部门"发挥着公共参与的重要作用,但它们需要传媒带动和协调,与政府一道开展环境治理,并培育现代公民.     

论环保传播对公民社会的初步建构

环保传播反映了当代中国环境生态这一典型的公共问题.它由单纯的揭露环境问题走向推动公民社会的建构,其内在的逻辑性依托于公共性认同.这种认同不仅以环境问题为反映对象,而且借助于组织化的行动彰显,环保NGO成为中国公民社会建构的具体体现.在这个过程中环保NGO作为传媒反映的对象并由后者凝聚公共参与的力量.媒体与环保组织共同维护公共利益,以此推动公民社会的稳步建构.     

公民社会视域下的微博公益传播

随着中国社会的不断发展,公民对社会事务的参与热情不断增长,各类非政府组织纷纷出现,传统威权型社会悄然向现代公民社会转型。微博公益本身具备公民社会的主要结构要素,它提供给公民社会参与的窗口,培育公民参与、志愿、互助、协作等公民精神,微博公益传播不仅改变着社会公益模式,也唤醒了公民意识,助推中国公民社会成长。     

传播学视角下公民新闻传播范式分析

随着新媒体时代的不断发展和公民社会参与意识的增强,公民新闻逐渐产生并成为新闻领域一种全新的模式。本文主要从传播内容、传播主客体、传播效果及传播渠道等几个方面对公民新闻的传播模式进行研究,阐述了公民新闻传播的新范式,对于正在走向公民社会的中国具有重大的意义。     

公益传播四维框架的构建和阐释

本文将公益传播置于公民社会逐渐形成的现实环境之中,以传播主体为切入点,形成"媒体公益传播"、"企业公益营销"、"政府公益管理"、"民众公益参与"四个考量维度,称之为"公益传播的四维框架".探讨我国公民社会构建中四个维度如何统筹,为公益传播提供符合现实的功能性解释框架.     

知情权的实践:从大众向公众的角色转变--以宁波PX事件为例

本文以宁波 PX 事件为案例,从传播学角度阐释公民参与.以保障公民知情权为切入点,以传播学相关理论知识为基础,通过分析PX事件,建构了一个“公民—决策机构”的传播模式,并在此模式下分析了公民在PX事件中从大众向公众的角色转变.     

“爆吧”集体行动中公民参与表达的实现及其规制——以“69圣战”事件为例

大规模、有组织的“爆吧”集体行动不仅会破坏网络正常秩序,对他人造成心理或精神上的伤害,有时甚至还会通过人肉搜索等方式影响现实生活.在“69圣战”“爆吧”这一媒体奇观中,网民爆发大规模集体行动的原因有很多,表现方式也不尽相同,但其带来的问题则不容忽视.从保持社会信息正常流动与维护公民自由表达权的平衡应对来看,有必要对“爆吧”集体行动中的公民参与表达进行规制,既捍卫公民参与和表达的自由,又厘清其边界,扬长避短,以实现其良性发展.具体来说,即要用公众利益原则来规制网民群体极化现象的产生,用社会信息正常流动来规制群体性突发事件的爆发和用核心价值体系来规制公众参与和表达的异化.     

浅谈造成公民新闻失实的原因以及应对措施

互联网技术的不断发展,让更多的公民渴望参与到社会活动事务中来,希望能够在公共平台上表达自己的看法.微博、微信朋友圈等平台的出现使公民的想法变为了现实.然而,在微博、微信朋友圈等平台上发布虚假消息,传播谣言的社会现象近些年来屡见不鲜,公民新闻的真实性正在成为人们普遍关注的问题.本文对造成公民新闻失实的原因及其解决方案进行了探索.     

传媒推动公民参与研究

传媒促进公民参与、形成管理的公共领域,是构建我国公民社会的重要组成部分。目前,我国传媒呈现出参与公民的议题表达、参与非政府组织合作、推动政府部门和公民合作三种形式促进公民参与的实践状态。推进公民参与,我国传媒需要开展公共新闻运动、促进社区媒体建设以及建构社交媒体理性的公共领域建设。     

Government-led and Internet-empowered citizen participation in China's policymaking: A case study of the Shanghai 2035 Master Plan

Digitalization has expanded the scope of citizen participation. Nevertheless, there are no conclusive findings on online citizen participation and inclusive policymaking. This study adds in line with the discussion with a fresh perspective of institutional bias. It presents new evidence by examining the process, participants, policy agenda, and sentiments of public opinions from the government-led and Internet-empowered citizen participation regarding the 2017–2035 Shanghai Master Plan. Four findings are reported based on the in-depth case study with text and sentiment analysis. First, the government-led model provides institutionalized opportunities for citizen engagement throughout the policy process, while the Internet-empowered citizen participation is characterized by contingency and ad hoc. Second, the government-led model remains elite-dominated, while the Internet empowers a wider scope of stakeholders with an open and popularized participation platform. Third, the public opinion from the Internet-empowered model often goes beyond or even against the pre-defined official principles and goals. In contrast, the civic discussion in the government-led model influences policy by changing the sequence of policy agenda or providing focus within the official setting. Fourth, citizens, especially the experts, are more likely to give positive feedback in the government-led model than the Internet-empowered approach. These findings confirm and identify the remaining institutional bias that hinders inclusive policymaking in the Internet age. Theoretically, it reminds scholars to examine the institutional arrangements regarding citizen participation carefully. Practically, it indicates that the central government could facilitate inclusive policymaking at the local level by reducing the institutional bias of the government-led approach and utilizing text and sentiment analysis to urge the local government's response to Internet-empowered public opinion.     

Differential modes of engagement in the Internet era: a latent class analysis of citizen participation and its stratification in China

The advent of the Internet in China has broad implications for citizen participation in public life. To assess the impact of the Internet, we need to ask questions first about the basic structural patterns of participation among Chinese population and then on whether the Internet may provide new opportunities for disengaged people, or expand the scope of participation, or reinforce the existing structural conditions that hamper citizen participation. We address these questions with data from a nationally representative sample survey in China. Through a latent class analysis, we differentiate four types of participation. We conduct a multinomial analysis to show that the Internet recruits some disengaged, but capable participants into public life, but overall, it allots more opportunities for the socioeconomically advantaged segments of the population.     

任务特征与游戏化设计对公众科学参与意愿影响的实验研究

[目的/意义]探讨公众科学,即一种通过招募普通大众协作进行科研工作的众包模式下,任务特征及游戏化设计对用户参与意愿影响,为有效优化公众科学项目任务设计及游戏化应用提供指导建议。[方法/过程]基于工作特征模型和自我决定理论,构建公众科学项目用户参与意愿的影响因素理论模型,解释公众科学任务特征如何通过满足公众的基本心理需求进而影响公众参与意愿,并讨论游戏元素对任务特征与基本心理需求关系的调节作用。实证采用组间实验（游戏化设计组vs.对照组）获取506份有效数据,并通过结构方程模型方法对理论模型进行验证。[结果/结论]数据分析结果表明,个体的三种基本心理需求对参与意愿都具有正向影响作用;公众任务的重要性对归属有正向影响作用,反馈性对胜任有正向影响作用,复杂性对胜任有反向影响作用;而游戏化设计对任务特征与参与者心理需求的关系存在调节作用。     

Public and private value in citizen participation in E-governance: Evidence from a government-sponsored green commuting platform

Citizen participation in E-governance is, essentially, a social exchange between individuals and their government through which the citizen creates public value as well as acquires private value. The direct effects of participation antecedents on participation outcomes have been fully examined, but few researchers have investigated the internal mechanism of citizen participation at the level of psychological value perception. The roles of perceived public and private value between the participation antecedents and outcomes remain unclear. Private value merits careful research in particular as the E-governance environment is being shaped by increasing privatization and continuous IT innovation. Based on the cognitive integration theory and the civic voluntarism model, this paper proposes a theoretical framework to examine the mediating roles of two values. We built a complete research model encompassing ten hypotheses centered on citizen e-participation in the context of green commuting governance. By analyzing survey data on a green commuting platform, we demonstrate the significant mediating effects of these two values and greater effect of private value acquisition on continuous e-participation intentions than public value creation. Our results have important research implications in regards to the roles of perceived values in participation, especially perceived private value.     

公众科学的发展与挑战

[目的/意义]公众科学是指非传统意义上的科研人员、普通民众参与到科学研究过程的全新科研范式，是新型开放创新模式。分析公众科学的发展趋势与挑战，对我国开展公众科学具有一定的借鉴意义。[方法/过程]通过文献调研、典型案例分析、对比分析等方法分析公众科学的发展、典型公众科学项目、面临问题的基础上，提出发展公众科学的政策建议。[结果/结论]公众科学是一种新型开放创新模式，有助于推动开放科学发展，有益于公民科学素养的提高，有利于公众参与政府决策。应充分认识公众科学的巨大潜力，从政策层面推动公众科学的进步。     

面向突发公共卫生事件的公众科学应用探索及 平台体系构建

[目的/意义]突发公共卫生事件的复杂性、交互性、专业性及影响力的日益增强,给传统的应急管理系统带来了巨大挑战。本文旨在基于大众力量和群体智慧的公众科学模式,为突发公共卫生事件的应急管理提供一种创新的、多层次的视角。[方法/过程]研究以新冠疫情的暴发为背景,在分析梳理公众科学及危机众包的研究和实践现状的基础上,重新审视了群策群力在应急管理体系中的重要性和必要性,提出构建面向突发公共卫生事件的公众科学平台的现实任务。[结果/结论]研究指出了目前公众科学介入突发公共事件应急管理的三个症结:重响应,轻防护;重参与,轻合作;重贡献,轻共创。针对该现状,文章首先明确了公共卫生类公众科学的内涵定位,其次从"造"与"用"、基本框架和能动性三个角度构建了面向突发公共卫生事件公众科学平台的体系。研究为完善国家公共卫生应急管理体系,提升社会防控治理能力,增强公众健康素养提供参考。     

公共图书馆治理法治化的内涵、意义及实现路径

公共图书馆治理法治化是促进公共文化服务高质量发展的必然要求,也是改善公共图书馆治理机制的有效方式,对于实现公共图书馆事业的稳定与可持续发展具有重要意义。当前,我国公共图书馆治理法治化进程中还存在着一些现实问题,可以通过增强治理主体的法治观念与意识、完善依法治理的制度与规则体系、基于管办分离原则转变治理模式、扩大公民参与以及健全依法治理的监督与问责机制等路径,全面深入地推进公共图书馆治理的法治化进程。     

网络舆情在服务型政府建设中的影响与作用

网络舆情适应服务型政府建设的需要,并对其具有积极影响,具体表现为网络舆情能够提高公民参与积极性,促进服务型行政文化的形成,提高政府的行政回应性,促进政府信息公开,推动行政问责制的完善以及强化政府公共性等方面。在服务型政府建设过程中,要积极发挥网络舆情的作用,科学制定网络舆情管理的顶层设计,增强政府合理利用网络舆情的能力,建立面向公众的网络舆情管理体系。     

论传媒参与公共政策的公民权利实现

民主社会中,公共决策离不开广大民众的参与,虽然体制内配置了公民参与公共决策的途径,但若没有大众传媒的参与,公共决策的科学性、合法性也很难成立。基于此,我们从大众传媒与公共决策中公民参与的实体性权利和程序性权利的实现两个方面,分析得出大众媒介提供了政策系统中各种利益吁求的表达和聚合的公共平台,而这个公共平台落实了公民的表达自由;若没有大众传媒对相关信息的报道与披露,知情权的实现只能说是残缺的、不彻底的。另外,公民有权接近和利用大众传媒表达自己的观点和意见,而大众传媒有责任和义务帮助公民信息传递的实现。     

Engendering inclusive e-government use through citizen IT training programs

Around the world, governments turn to information technology (IT) training programs to enhance equitable delivery of online public services to citizens. However, the effectiveness of these citizen training programs has gone unexplored. This study is motivated by two objectives: 1) To evaluate whether citizen participation in government training programs is associated with greater e-government use among participants, and 2) To assess whether the strength of this relationship varies according to whether a citizen is elderly, disabled, or not – those who are elderly or disabled tend to use e-government the least. We use data from South Korean to examine these objectives. Findings indicate citizen participation in government IT training programs is positively associated with e-government use and that this relationship is stronger for citizens who are elderly or disabled. These findings highlight the potential of government IT training programs to mitigate the digital divide. Implications for research and practice are discussed.