大学生对网络流行语态度的研究

近年网络流行语的发展,很大程度上影响着大学生群体的生活行为方式,并深刻影响着他们的认知、情感、态度和思维。本文从社会认知领域的态度这一概念切入,通过问卷调查以及实验法验证分析大学生对于网络流行语的态度。     

大学生对残疾人的内隐与外显态度

为开发和验证残疾人态度内隐联想测验方法的有效性,了解大学生对残疾人的态度现状,使用外显(SADP修订版)和内隐联合测验(IAT),测量99名中国大学生对残疾人态度。结果表明,大学生对残疾人的内隐态度是消极的,强度中等偏低;外显态度比较积极的;内隐态度和外显态度之间存在低相关;性别、专业、接触等因素对残疾人的内隐和外显态度影响作用均不显著。以上结果表明,中文版的IAT可以有效地测量对残疾人的内隐态度,大学生对残疾存在负面刻板印象。     

社会主义核心价值观外显态度与内隐态度的分离研究

采用标准化的青少年社会主义核心价值观问卷进行外显态度测量,以单类内隐联想测验（SC-IAT）进行内隐态度测量,探究社会主义核心价值观的外显、内隐双重态度的状况及两者关系。研究发现：外显态度上,多达84.9%的被试对社会主义核心价值观持有积极态度;而内隐态度上,仅有59.3%的被试持有正向态度,存在25.6%的被试外显态度和内隐态度测量结果不一致,出现分离效应（Z=-4.690,p<0.001）。社会主义核心价值观的外显态度和内隐态度均积极肯定,但相关不显著,是两个独立的认知结构和评价系统。     

大学生内隐与外显合作态度的比较研究

本研究采用问卷法和内隐联想测验方法分别测量了大学生关于合作的外显与内隐态度,结果表明:(1)用两种方法测得的合作态度都是比较积极的,二者之间没有出现分离,大学生可能不存在内隐的合作态度;(2)以问卷测得的合作态度的不同维度上,合作认知比合作情感和合作行为意向更为积极。     

内隐态度研究综述

内隐态度是个体无法内省识别到的态度,多采用内隐联想测验等间接方法测量。双重态度模型理论认为,人们对同一态度对象同时存在外显态度和内隐态度。而后在不同领域研究结果也证明了内隐态度的存在,并且内隐和外显态度是分离的。但在内隐和外显态度比较研究和设计内隐联想测验等方面仍存在一些不足。     

内隐态度和启动态度对大学生分享行为影响的实验研究

通过两个实验研究了内隐态度和启动态度对大学生分享行为表现的影响。实验一：选取62名大学生，采用IAT方法研究高分享态度和低分享态度下的分享行为表现，结果发现高分享态度组表现出的分享行为水平明显低于低分享态度组；实验二：选取120名大学生，研究分享启动态度下的分享行为表现，结果发现，启动态度条件下的分享行为水平明显高于非启动条件下的分享行为表现。两个实验表明，内隐态度对大学生的分享行为产生了消极影响，而启动态度则产生了积极影响。     

双重态度模型理论研究综述

双重态度模型理论认为,人们对同一态度客体能同时存在两种不同的评价,一种是能被意识到并承认的外显态度,另一种是无意识的、能自动激活的内隐态度。该理论引发了对传统态度概念及其测量技术等方面的反思。本文将从内隐态度与外显态度的关系、双重态度出现的特定情境性以及内隐态度的测量方法和应用等方面论述该模型理论。     

大学生寻求专业性心理帮助双重态度模型的建构

为了考察大学生寻求专业性心理帮助的外显态度与内隐态度是否一致,研究分别采用态度问卷和SC-IAT对外显态度和内隐态度进行测量,并建立结构方程模型考察二者之间的关系。结果表明：（1）大学生对寻求专业性心理帮助的外显态度和内隐态度均为积极的。男生外显态度显著低于女生,而男女生内隐态度之间无显著差异;（2）大学生对寻求专业性心理帮助的外显态度与内隐态度是两个不同的、相互独立的结构;（3）SC-IAT可以真实反映被试的内隐态度,作为内隐态度测量的一种有效方式值得推广。     

中学教师师生冲突外显态度和内隐态度的比较研究

根据双重态度模型,教师对师生冲突的态度可以分为外显态度和内隐态度.研究以北京、河北、山东等地405名中学教师为被试,采用自编问卷和投射测验分别测量了中学教师的师生冲突外显态度和内隐态度,分析了中学教师师生冲突外显态度的特点以及不同冲突情境下内隐态度的特点,并比较了外显态度和内隐态度的差异.结果发现,中学教师的师生冲突外显态度与内隐态度存在显著差异,外显态度较积极,内隐态度总体表现较消极.在研究结果的基础上,本研究对教师培训和学校管理提出建议.     

核束缚能效应对夸克分布的影响

根据核Drell-Yan过程的高能强子h同原子核A碰撞和高能轻子l同原子核A深度非弹性碰撞的实验数据,再考虑核子束缚能效应,计算并确定了价夸克分布函数RVA(xt)和海夸克分布核效应函数RSA(xt),深化了对原子核内夸克分布受核效应影响的认识.     

核Drell-Yan过程与高能夸克的能量损失

借助于核Drell-Yan过程研究了夸克在核物质中传播时的能量损失效应。利用HKN01和EKS98两套束缚核子的部分子分布函数,在考虑夸克的能量损失后,计算了p-A碰撞的核Drell-Yan过程中的微分截面比,并且抽取出了夸克在核物质中传播时的能量损失值。     

Major Influences on Attitudes Toward Science

This research study investigated the attitudes toward science of 8th-grade students in Australia, Canada, Cyprus, and Korea, based on recent TIMSS data, and suggests a model of family and school influences on their attitudes. The structural equation model contained 3 exogenous constructs – family’s educational background, aspiration, school climate – and 2 endogenous constructs – teaching and student attitudes toward science. Educational background, aspiration, and school climate were shown to have a direct effect on attitudes, while teaching was shown to directly affect attitudes and to be affected by aspiration and school climate.     

The Attitudes of Israeli Adolescents Toward Handicapped People

The attitudes of adolescents toward handicapped people were investigated with the long‐term goal of maximizing the effective mainstreaming of handicapped teeangers. Analysis of the attitudes of 262 Israeli high school students showed a generalized accepting tendency. Significant differences emerged, not with regard to the type of handicap as had been expected, but for three content areas defined as limitations of the handicapped, feelings of reservation and shame, and the rights of the handicapped. There were significant differences between the sexes in general acceptance and in two of these content areas. Implications of the results in terms of intervention programming are discussed.     

Influencing Attitudes Toward the Handicapped:

No abstract available for this article.     

University Faculty Attitudes Toward Guns on Campus

A number of states are currently reviewing legislation expanding handgun legislation, and studies examining the public's attitudes toward gun control legislation are abundant. This article examines attitudes of university faculty toward expanding the places where concealed handguns may be carried to include college campuses and churches. An opinion survey was administered to 287 faculty/administrators. Bivariate relationships are discussed, as well as three regression models examining the effects of six independent variables on support for current gun legislation, support for expanding concealed carry on college campuses, and support for expanding concealed carry in places of worship. Results showed that a substantial majority of faculty opposes such legislation, but support or opposition is significantly determined by political party and gun ownership.     

Effect of the System Approach on Changing Preservice Teacher Attitudes Toward Selected Instructional Design Factors

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of system approach training upon changing preservice teachers’ attitudes toward selected design factors. An experimental and control group posttest design was utilized. The median test was used to determine if significant differences existed between the two groups. Differences were found between the samples in six of the eleven factors studied. A significant difference (.001) was also found between the groups in their overall evaluation of the program.     

核能的原理和利用

核能产生于重核的裂变反应和轻核的聚变反应，它的发现为人类能源带来光明，随着核能利用技术的进步和发展，核能必将成为人类生存、社会发展的能源支柱。