坚持正面报道为主 追求新闻宏观真实

一、微观真实的量变与宏观真实的质变真实是新闻的生命,也是新闻工作者的基本准则。新闻真实有宏观真实和微观真实之分。所谓宏观真实,就是整体上的真实,本质上的真实;微观真实就是个体上的真实,现象上的真     

历史真实是最高层次的新闻真实

袁志远在《论新闻的历史真实》一文中认为:新闻真实性是一个多层次的结构,历史真实是最高层次上的真实,是新闻真实性的最高原则和核心。所谓历史真实,是指现象真实和本质真实,或微观真实和宏观真实的统一。微观真实和现象真实要求报道的事实必须完全准确可靠,构     

新闻真实的特点分析

《新闻真实的特点分析》一文,从哲学的高度对新闻真实的特点进行分析,认为:新闻活动本质上属于认识活动,形成的新闻报道是一种认识的结果,新闻真实的要义在于认识论意义的真实, 并以存在论意义的真实为前提。文章对其观点从“新闻真实是事实性真实”、“新闻真实是过程性真实”、“新闻真实是有限度的真实”、“新闻真实是即时性真实”四个方面给予了阐释。     

历史真实是最高层次的新闻真实

袁志远在《论新闻的历史真实》一文中认为:新闻真实性是一个多层次的结构,历史真实是最高层次上的真实,是新闻真实性的最高原则和核心。所谓历史真实,是指现象真实和本质真实,或微观真实和宏观真实的统一。微观真实和现象真实要求报道的事实必须完全准确可靠,构成新闻的一切要素都确凿无疑,经得起任何推敲和检验;宏观真实和本质真实要求在微观真实和现象真实的基础上,运用辩证唯物主义的思维方法,对真实进行科学的分析和选择,使之能充分反映事物的内部联系和发展规律,即客观事物的本质。这二者不能截然分割,也不     

新闻真实实现的对话性

真实是新闻传播活动中的普适性伦理准则,新闻真实是新闻传播活动与新闻传播研究的核心和基础问题.在新闻活动中,真实意味着抓住事物或者事件的核心议题、事件或人物的本质以及潜藏问题,向真实的追究和探索意味着穿透事物的表象而抵达内在,进而解释事物、事件或人物的深层含义.新闻真实具有两个维度:事件真实与意义真实;新闻真实具有三个面向:客观真实、媒介真实(符号真实)与理解真实(受众真实).新闻真实的实现由真实报道和理解真实、相信真实共同构筑,即由客观真实到媒介真实再到理解真实不断推动的过程,其核心是由新闻传收活动中的双重主体(传播主体和收受主体)共同完成的.①一方面,新闻真实的实现是对客观事实的反映和再现;另一方面,新闻真实的实现是对客观事实的塑造与建构,这两方面均依赖于不同主体之间的对话.     

论电视新闻真实性的构成

杜绝虚假新闻是新闻界一直在探讨的理论和实践课题。本文围绕电视新闻事实真实、逻辑真实两个维度,分别从来源真实、采访真实、排播真实,以及事理真实、技术真实、艺术真实等方面,探讨电视新闻的真实性。     

关于生活真实与本质真实的思考

新闻要讲究真实,真实是新闻的生命。新闻的真实分两种,一种是指对生活中客观存在的具体事实的真实报道,也就是所谓的对生活真实的反映;还有一种是真实把握生活本质和事物发展规律的报道,也就是所谓的对本质真实的反映。长期以来,一些新闻理论工作者和新闻实践者认为,生活的真实要比本质的真实低一个档次,生活的真实而不是本质的真实往往是新闻报道失实的重要原因。其实,这种认识存在着较大误区。     

纪录片“真实性”的再解读

本文从三个方面对纪录片的"真实"性进行了解读:单向度层面的纪录片"真实";多维度视野下的纪录片"真实";多重语境博弈中的纪录片"真实".并得出结论:选择真实虽要进行价值判断,但仍需根植于生活真实之中.本质真实则应当是纪录片制作者简介孜孜以求的,并与观众共同对选择真实进行读解、感悟、升华和提升,以达到共鸣的境界.它来源于生活真实,又超越生活真实.     

关于生活真实与本质真实的思考

新闻要讲究真实,真实是新闻的生命.新闻的真实分两种,一种是指对生活中客观存在的具体事实的真实报道,也就是所谓的对生活真实的反映-还有一种是真实把握生活本质和事物发展规律的报道,也就是所谓的对本质真实的反映.长期以来,一些新闻理论工作者和新闻实践者认为,生活的真实要比本质的真实低一个档次,生活的真实而不是本质的真实往往是新闻报道失实的重要原因.其实,这种认识存在着较大误区.     

如何避免“真实的新闻”侵权?

记者在进行新闻采写时,有必要了解何为新闻真实,何为法律真实。当二者发生碰撞时,如何尽量避免侵权事件发生。每个新闻工作者所学的第一课都是新闻必须真实,新闻真实首先要求事实真实,采访中要得到真实的信息,从而产生新闻的真实,真实是新闻的生命。而法律真实是在法庭调查时,法官根据双方或多方当事人出具的证据查明本案事实,这种查明的事实即法律真实。但在很多情况下,由于证据方面存在的问题,法律真实与事实真相是相悖的,分裂的。因此在新闻侵权官司中,在法庭上通常会出现新闻真实与法律真实的激烈碰撞,被告可能面临着证据不足甚至拿不出     

Effects of Personality Types on the Use of Television Genre

This study examined the role of three personality characteristics, Psychoticism, Extraversion, and Neuroticism (PEN), on viewers' level of attention to five different genres of television programming: news, soap operas, reality shows, talk shows, and crime dramas. A survey of 381 college students showed psychoticism to be negatively related to attention to news and reality show programming. There was a positive relationship between extraversion and attention to reality programming. Finally, neuroticism was positively associated with attention to all genres assessed. The implications of these findings for future research are discussed.     

Robert W. McChesney. The Problem of the Media: U.S. Communication Politics in the 21st Century. New York: Monthly Review Press, 2004, 367 pp., ISBN 1583671056 (paperback)

This study investigates the relationship between adolescents' exposure to news, fictional police/crime shows, and reality police shows and their perceptions of the performance, distributive fairness, and procedural fairness of the police and the link with their overall attitude toward the police. Based on the literature, a hypothetical model of media influence is proposed and tested empirically in a cross-sectional survey of 356 Flemish adolescents. Watching reality shows was negatively related to adolescents' perceptions of how fairly the police exercise their authority. Exposure to the news negatively predicted respondents' perceptions of the distributive fairness of the police. Adolescents' beliefs about police performance were not related to media exposure. Exposure to fictional police shows did not significantly predict police perceptions. The results suggest that news and reality police shows play a small but significant role in adolescents' fairness perceptions of the police.     

The News Framing of the 2004 Olympic Games

An examination of the framing of the 2004 Athens Olympic Games in the online version of The New York Times finds that news coverage tended to follow usual news practices, which are usually connected with daily news coverage but not with mega events such as the Olympic Games. Ordinary news practices, which dominate this coverage, tend to lead to conflict-oriented news and snapshots of reality with usually little context. In this case, the coverage of the Athens Olympics primarily focused on the issues security and readiness related to Olympic venues.     

Liveness in Reality Television and Factual Broadcasting

The emergence of reality TV and the use of live-shot material in documentary programs are salient features of contemporary television, raising a variety of challenges for critical analysis. We present here a number of pieces that reflect on “liveness” in different genres (reality TV, news, and documentary) from diverse theoretical perspectives. In the first paper, Peter Lunt introduces the papers and sets the scene by developing key themes in the analysis of liveness. The papers by Nick Couldry and Jane Roscoe discuss reality TV. John Corner analyzes the use of live-shot material in documentaries. Finally, Thornborrow and Fitzgerald unravel the deployment of devices for representing reports of live events in news.     

Constructing Dysfunction: News Coverage of Teenagers and Social Media

Cultural storytellers such as journalists play a meaningful role in shaping how adults think about the role that social media play in teenagers’ lives. To better assess what adults might be learning, we employed a critical, qualitative approach to examine how contemporary news media constructed cultural understandings of teens’ relationship with social media. Our analysis of 339 print and online news articles from 2013–2014 found that the news media constructed a mediated reality that placed dysfunction as the defining characteristic of teens’ relationship with social media. The news articles consistently positioned teenagers and social media as at odds with one another, entwined in an unhealthy, frequently dangerous union. Discussions of the self-expressive, creative, and communicative practices of teen social media users were undermined or absent altogether. Altogether, the coverage created a mediated reality that denied teenage agency and obscured the diversity of teenagers’ experiences and social media practices.     

现实权力关系的建构性呈现——新闻定义的再辨析

依托于英国学者斯图尔特·霍尔的呈现说,本文对新闻定义进行了再辨析。本文认为,霍尔的理论不仅使得在我国具有代表性的新闻定义报道说和信息说的短板顿现,也使得新定义的提出成为可能。在探讨霍尔认为的建构派呈现理论的代表性学者(索绪尔、巴特和福柯)观点的基础上,本文认为,新闻可以被定义为现实权力关系新近变动的建构性呈现。     

新闻事实的本体结构与新闻客观性——基于批判实在论的解释

"如何建构新闻事实"这一认识论和实践规则问题,不能忽视"基于何种实在建构新闻事实"这一本体论问题,因此新闻客观性研究应该深入新闻事实世界的本体结构。基于批判实在论思想,本研究勾勒出新闻事实在本体论层面上的三重结构(实在范畴、空间范畴、历时范畴),新闻客观性作为新闻业知识生产独特的认识论和实践规则,显然同新闻事实的本体结构密切相关。     

NEWS ON NEW DEVICES

News organizations worldwide now deliver content through multiple electronic devices such as computers, smartphones, e-readers, and tablets. While multi-platform news delivery is widely prevalent, is multi-platform news “consumption” a reality? This study examines the extent to which people own, use, and enjoy these electronic devices. Results of a national survey of US Internet users suggested that despite the excitement about newer, more portable devices, not all devices are equally “newsful.” Most people use only one electronic device for news purposes on a weekly basis. We identified the predictors of device ownership and multi-platform news consumption and discussed the implications for multi-platform news publishing.     

Television news is government news in Taiwan patterns of television news sources selection and presentation

Based on a content analysis of evening newscasts by the three television stations in Taiwan, this study examines the patterns of news sources selection and presentation in television news. The results of this study show that television news relies heavily on government officials who are primarily middle‐aged men in executive positions located in the capital city of Taipei. These findings suggest that the central government officials in Taipei appear to be the primary definers of social reality. TV news portrays only a very limited view of the society. In conclusion, this study suggests that with the management and content tightly controlled by the state, Taiwan's television news consists primarily of official rituals.     

Exemplars as Argumentative Strategy in Broadcast News: Analyzing the Case of Chile

ABSTRACT

On television news, exemplification is almost inevitable, as newscast cannot represent reality but through a particular object that is caught on camera: the only way to signify something abstract on television is precisely through a concrete particularity. The present study analyzes the main stories in a sample of national broadcast news in Chile, where broadcast news remains the most important source of information. Based on a content analysis, results show that particular case reports are widespread in Chilean television news, especially in hard news stories about the economy and crime. They also further evidence on the homogenization of television coverage between commercially run private and public broadcasters. Findings are linked to past research in the Latin American theoretical tradition that underscores the relevance of vivid and emotional representation on television.