“择校就学”与教育资源配置

“择校就学”的理论前提是：教育是准公共物品。“择校就学”与“择校收费”存在着本质的区别,“择校就学”是教育资源配置方式由单一计划向计划与市场结合的必然     

试析美国基础教育改革中的教育凭证制度

目前，“择校”在西方教育改革大潮中属于热点问题，而美国基础教育改革中的教育凭证制度又是“择校”范畴中的热点。对美国教育凭证制度改革的评析有助于我们更全面地认识美国基础教育改革。     

美国的“择校制度”与基础教育改革

美国的“择校制度”与基础教育改革曾晓洁“择校制度”（ｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｎｇｓｙｓｔｅｍ）是近几年来美国基础教育改革中最引人注目的改革措施。过去，在美国传统的公立学校制度下，各州均实行“就地入学”的政策。这种“择校”就读的选择只发生在公立与私立、教会学校之...     

择校收费的经济学思考

择校成为普遍现象有其必然性和合理性。优质教育供求关系失衡、教育产品所具有的私人属性是择校不断升温的主要因素。择校将市场竞争机制引入教育领域，对政府垄断教育提出挑战，将有力地推进教育改革。择校收费没有错，所出现的弊端是教育改革不到位，择校机制被扭曲的反映。消除择校弊端，应引入“教育券”计划，建立规范的择校制度。引入“教育券”计划，要重视解决市场失灵问题，运用政策机制维护教育平等。     

国外私立教育新进展

本文从择校、第三条道路和准市场三个角度,对20世纪80年代以来的公、私立教育混合现象作了分析,并对择校和准市场的实际效果进行反思。在分析各国的实践后,本文认为:择校、第三条道路和准市场只是三个极为概括的名词,同一个名词内可能包含着截然相反的做法。教育改革没有捷径可走,在选择改革策略时,须得审慎权衡各种因素。     

关于择校问题的比较研究

择校是美国20世纪80年代以来极为引人注目的教育改革之一，90年代布什政府提出了“择校就读”的思想。1990年，教育部长卡瓦佐斯在《推行选择制，改革美国教育》的报告中强调“选择的机会是我国进行中、小学教育改革的基础。”《美国2000年教育战略》则以立法的形式确立了择校制度。择校对美国以公立教育为基础的教育体系产生了深远的影响。我国在20世纪80年代也出现了一系列择校现象，尤其90年代以后，择校已成为教育中的热点问题，引发了一系列教育问题，而目前对择校的研究与择校本身的激烈程度和意义是不相称的。对两国择校的比较，有助于我们更好地认识我国的择校问题。     

美国的“择校”创意改革透视

自七十年代卡特政府首次提出“磁石学校”计划以来,美国社会从未停止过对“择校”(School choice)的关注。作为美国基础教育改革中的重要部分,“择校”牵涉到许多社会问题的敏感点,比如教育平等、教育竞争和自由选择权等问题。“择校制度”的改革旨在解决现有相关教育制度中存在的问     

关于择校问题的比较研究

择校是美国20世纪80年代以来极为引人注目的教育改革之一,90年代布什政府提出了“择校就读”的思想。1990年,教育部长卡瓦佐斯在《推行选择制,改革美国教育》的报告中强调“选择的机会是我国进行中、小学教育改革的基础。”《美国2000年教育战略》则以立法的形式确立了择校制度。择校对美国以公立教育为基础的教育体系产生了深远的影响。我国在20世纪80年代也出现了一系列择校现象,尤其90年代以后,择校已成为教育中的热点问题,引发了一系列教育问题,而目前对择校的研究与择校本身的激烈程度和意义是不相称的。对两国择校的比较,有助于我们更…     

择校：“堵”还是“疏”——一种基于分类法视角的分析

择校现象是近几年媒体和社会公众密切关注的焦点话题。这一现象存在于古今中外，是世界教育改革的趋势。它产生的根本原因是优质教育资源的供应小于需求。所以现阶段用行政手段去“堵”择校只是一种权宜之计，可以在认识择校产生的根本原因基础之上，借鉴其他国家的先进经验，根据择校的类型来加以“疏导”、分而治之。     

信息动态

信息动态天津创办“公办民助”学校解决择校收费混乱问题天津市通过创办“公办民助”学校，缓解群众择校方面的供求矛盾，使择校收费乱的问题基本得到解决。天津市根据《中国教育改革和发展纲要》的精神，在以政府办学为主，鼓励社会各界共同．办学方面进行了探索，主要依...     

How New is New Labour? The Quasi-market and English Schools 1997 to 2001

This paper focuses on the reforms made to the quasi-market in school-based education in England that occurred between May 1997 and May 2001. It discusses the changes that have taken place in relation to parental choice, admissions to schools, school diversity, fund-ing and examination 'league tables'. The Labour Government can be seen as having embraced the quasi-market with a similar enthusiasm to that of its Conservative predecessors although it has tended to emphasise social inclusion as opposed to competition. While it has attempted to soften the edges of the quasi-market it has not tackled some of its major deficiencies such as the power that schools that are their own admission authorities have to distort the admissions process.     

School educational project as a criterion of school choice: discourses and practices in the city of Barcelona

In its advancement towards an education quasi-market, Catalonia has recently been driving the development of school educational projects in all schools (both public and private) as a tool to facilitate school autonomy and family choices. A school educational project is a formal document in which schools identify their pedagogical goals, missions and orientations, their academic resources and organisational structures. Through the analysis of 60 in-depth interviews with parents of children at the age of commencing universal pre-primary education (three years old) and data collected from surveys completed by a representative sample made up of 3245 families, this article explores the impact of this policy on discourses and practices of school choice amongst families in the city of Barcelona. On the one hand, we observe that interest in educational projects has penetrated the discourses of the most educated parents, even though, at the same time, we detect a generalised lack of knowledge of the content of such projects. On the other hand, we note that the social composition of schools is still a prominent factor in choice practices. Such findings question the ideal of the autonomous and rational citizen-consumer that underlies the policy of establishing educational projects.     

高职实训基地建设共享机制研究与实践

高职实训基地建设共享机制的特点是：政府、学校、企业协作共建、资源共享,对内实行企业化管理,对外实行准市场化运作。目前大多数由政府扶持企业共建的共享型实训基地已初步达到集“教学、科研、生产、培训”多种功能于一体、“产学研”相结合的要求,但存在着开放力度不够、准市场化运作效果不明显、软硬件不相配套、实训师资短缺、管理水平不高等问题,急待改进。     

Market-Driven Education Reform and the Racial Politics of Advocacy

What is the landscape of the racial politics of public education in the age of Obama? To what factors can we attribute the seeming educational policy consensus from Washington, DC, to the states and from philanthropies and policy entrepreneurs in urban school districts? How should we understand opposition to the policy menu? This article examines commonsense understandings in education reform, which are supported by assertions that market-based schooling options are superior for children of color, and argues that a primary reason for the popularity of such reforms is an underexamined advocacy coalition, formed nominally around school choice, while also encompassing several other entrepreneurial educational reforms. The article describes the structure of this network, arguing that its dominance has precluded an understanding of counter advocacy against school choice and related reforms. It then describes several past and current movements that challenge commonsense understandings of the reforms’ currency, as a way of pushing back against the reforms’ expansion. The article also discusses the activities of grassroots community groups in response to market-based reforms and argues that these efforts can help to expand public deliberation on complex matters of educational policy. The article concludes with recommendations for further examination of these efforts to highlight the concerns, strategies, and solutions to educational inequality being articulated within communities of color and with their allies.     

美国基础教育阶段择校的最新发展与实施成效

近二十年来,择校在美国规模不断扩大,形式日趋多样。除学券计划外,各种税收抵免和教育储蓄账户应运而生,一部分公立学校也打开校门,实施"开放入学"政策。每种择校形式内,又有不同的变式。不过,由于家长和学生的择校标准不同于决策者的假设,各校也想办法选择成绩较优或家庭背景较好的学生,所以择校在某种程度上没有实现预期的效果。它很少服务于最贫困、最需要帮助的学生,在推动公立学校改革方面作用有限。     

The General Context of School Reform and Aspects of the Sixth Educational Plan (1971-75)

"French educational planning is planning based on manpower considerations; reforms in the school system are based on calculations of the needs of the labor market. Social components are subordinated to economic considerations. Changes in the school system place the accent primarily on creating new organizational units. Curricular changes are undertaken only if the findings of manpower studies indicate that they are useful, From a pedagogical and purely educational standpoint, French educational planning has initiated no reform tendencies. Since such a position remains beyond the scope of educational planning, reforms of this order have not taken place." (39)     

Socio-economic Segregation with (without) Competitive Education Policies. A Comparative Analysis of Argentina and Chile

Within the differentiated forms of education provision, this paper intends to inquire into the causality governing the relation between the use of vouchers in education and an increased enrolment segmentation or student sorting. It does so through a comparative analysis of the quasi-market reform in Chile and the quasi-monopoly system in place in Argentina. Although from a national perspective these two countries have faced very different decentralisation reforms, they have presently arrived at similar states of their education system in terms of their enrolments' socio-economic segregation. The paper shows that vouchers are not an independent variable but an intervening one within the determinants of socio-economic segmentation. The evidence from Chile and Argentina shows that enrolment segmentation is not a consequence of the introduction of vouchers, and the causal relationship between these two variables is not a clear one. That is, the family school choice decisions brought about by the introduction of systems such as vouchers appear endogenous to a series of factors that determine such choice; factors that that are evidently important in the determination of socio-economic enrolment segmentations in non-voucher systems. This article questions the validity of the highly predominant empirical analyses which take student socio-economic characteristics and school choice decisions as independent determinant variables of student results, and intends initiating further thinking of what really lies behind the inequities in education in developing countries.     

The Rules Keep Changing: Special Education in a Reforming Education System

The character of special education is being subjected to critical review in most countries. This scrutiny should take account of the impact on special education of reforms in education more generally, Equally, all education policy makers and school personnel should ensure that the interests of students with special educational needs are taken into account. This article considers how special education intersects with education reforms in general, with reference to such issues as choice, contestability, decentralisation, and accountability. Particular attention will be paid to events which have taken place in New Zealand since the institution of major reforms in educational administration in 1989.     

Marketized education: how regulatory failure undermined the Swedish school system

ABSTRACT

In a radical school choice reform in 1992, Sweden’s education system was opened to private competition from independent for-profit and non-profit schools funded by vouchers. Competition was expected to produce higher-quality education at lower cost, in both independent and public schools. This two-pronged study first examines to what extent the consequences of this reform deviate from the predicted results. It demonstrates increasing discrepancies between absolute test results and grades, suggesting grade inflation. Secondly, the study investigates whether the school choice reform was institutionally secured against school competition based on phenomena that are unrelated with educational quality, such as grading. It reveals that the architects of the school choice reform overemphasized the potential positive implications of market reforms and, therefore, did not deem it necessary to establish appropriate rules and institutions for school competition. Instead, grading and curriculum reforms had unintended consequences such as grade inflation and similar forms of school competition in dimensions other than school quality. The analysis of how the objective of raising the quality in Sweden’s schools through competition and choice was inadvertently undermined contains practical lessons for policymakers with regard to the use of privatization and co-production both in schools and in other fields.     

High school diversification against educational equality: a critical analysis of neoliberal education reform in South Korea

Recent reforms of high school education in Korea have focused on transforming the uniform and standardized system into a deregulated and diversified system that has an emphasis on school choice and competition. Situating the high school diversification policy in the context of the recent controversy of the neoliberal educational reform, this study argues that school diversification in Korea is deeply impaired and unfulfilled, such as in situations in which the school differentiation and elite high school credentials struggle are reinforced by the peculiar nature of the Korean educational market, namely the hakbul-based society and the development of private educational markets. It suggests that special attention should be drawn to integrate the reform efforts for high school diversification into the ways in which the policy is being configured and delivered within the pursuit of educational equality and social justice.