Behavioral Precursors to Accidents and Resulting Physical Impairment

The main goal of the study was to determine, within a model of emotional and behavioral regulation, if there are developmental precursors to accidents and resulting physical impairment. Data collected at ages 8 and 14 with 147 males and 142 females using peer nomination and teacher rating were related to the number of types of accidents the subjects had been in and impairment as a result of an accident by the age of 27 when the subjects were interviewed on their health. The results showed that 44% of the men and 14% of the women had been in an accident. Severe effects on health were obtained for 19% of the men and 5% of the women. Accidents and impairment were most frequent among individuals whose behavior had been characterized by low emotional and behavioral control. The most generalized predictor of accidents and impairment was noncompliance in childhood. In adult-hood, heavy drinking increased the risk of accidents. Aggression and conduct problems were the most significant precursors to male impairment, although several subgroups of men who were impaired were found. For females, the predictions of accidents and impairment were less accurate than for males.     

Follow-up study of traumatized children

This study compared 17 abused with 17 accident children, matched on age, race, sex, and socioeconomic status, eight years after all had been studied as infants. A second comparison group, matched on the same variables, consisted of children with no history of abuse and no history of accidents before the age of one year.Hypotheses were that the abused children would fall below the nonabused in health and physical development, intellectual functioning, language, and self-concept; and that the abused children would score higher in impulsivity and aggression.A sub-group of the major abuse group scored significantly lower in expressive language than either of its matched comparison groups, and the whole abuse group showed increased impulsivity and aggression in one test situation. Otherwise, none of the hypotheses was confirmed.Seventy percent of the entire sample had speech problems; over 50% showed some degree of disturbance; 39% were achieving poorly in school. However, these disabilities were distributed quite evenly among abuse, accident, and comparison children.The entire sample (largely lower-class children) appeared sad and fearful. Most 8- or 9-year-olds are concerned with witches, monsters that eat people up or set them afire, etc. These children, by contrast, linked their fears of destruction to real people, e.g. parents, teachers, and older children. Mothers' reports indicated that the families, whether abuse, accident or comparison, experienced constant violence, both environmental and personal.Various explanations were advanced for the absence of group differences and the prevalence of handicapping conditions. The most plausible was that the effects of lower class membership on child development are as potent as the effects of early physical abuse.     

美国工业事故法的转型探析

侵权法的缺陷促使美国寻找解决工业事故的替代路径。劳工赔偿体制只是替代路径的一种。美国的劳工赔偿立法主要表现为各州的立法,因法院的合宪性审查而经历了一个曲折的发展历程。劳工赔偿立法将驱动雇主去履行注意义务,尽可能地减少事故的发生。美国虽对欧洲国家的工业事故处理机制进行模仿和借鉴,但美国最终确定了处理工业事故问题的独特模式。     

School Characteristics,Child Work,and Other Daily Activities as Sleep Deficit Predictors in Adolescents from Households with Unsatisfied Basic Needs

Sleep in adolescents has been shown to be an important factor when looking at physical, mental, and social well‐being. Little evidence is found regarding sleep patterns in adolescents from households facing extreme poverty, where conditions such as crowding, poor housing, sanitation or education, and precarious employment set an adverse environment for sleep. In this study, we sought to assess in a nationwide sample comprised of 1,682 adolescents from Argentina, how the presence of extreme poverty—as defined by the presence of unsatisfied basic needs (UBN)—affects the relationship of sleep duration with school, work, and other daily activities. A global high prevalence of short sleeping time, a slight increase of sleep time in adolescents with UBN, and different patterns of wake activities that predict sleep deficit, depending on the presence of UBN, were found. The poor academic achievement, increased risk of accidents, and adverse health outcomes associated with sleep deprivation support the view that sleep is an additional unsatisfied basic need that worsens living conditions at this age. The results may help to design public health policies that contribute to ameliorate this adverse situation.     

Social Activities and Health of Korean Elderly Women by Age Groups

The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which the association between different types of social activities and multiple dimensions of health outcomes varies by age groups among Korean elderly. This study employed regression models with data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Social activities were associated with various dimensions of health status of adult women after adjusting for background variables. The association between social activities and health status does not show a great difference between adults of ages 45–64 and of those aged over 65 years. Compared to informal family relationships, involvement in social activities was positively associated with various health outcomes. While previous studies emphasized the importance of informal family relationships among the elderly, which increase with age, this study showed that social activities have a significant influence on the health of elderly females. This influence is equally significant for adults older than 65 years of age as well as 45- to 64-year-old adults. This finding suggests that social policy to get older females more involved in a wide array of social activities helps keep them in good health status.     

关于学校事故的法律思考

学校事故是学校对学生在校期间实施教育、教育管理过程中发生的学生人身伤亡事故。可从不同的角度对其进行类型划分。学校与未成年人及其监护人之间构成什么法律关系，赔偿的范围、数额标准及由谁赔偿和法定监护人的责任认定等是处理学校事故的基本法律理论问题。     

交通事故鉴定的证据价值--剖析2例交通事故

通过两起案情较为复杂的交通事故案例,掌握交通事故鉴定对查清事故真实过程的证据价值。综合运用车体痕迹学、法医学、DNA物证、微量物证学,对交通事故中各项检材进行检验分析。道路交通事故鉴定可以为案件侦破提供侦查方向、确定或排除肇事车辆、并为事故处理提供办案依据。综合运用多学科知识检验分析可以为复杂的交通事故鉴定提供一定的技术参考。     

浅谈如何加强回采工作面顶板的管理

顶板事故是煤矿生产中最为频繁发生的事故。其中,又以发生在回采工作面的顶板事故为最。作者根据其多年的顶板管理实践经验,就回采工作面顶板事故的多发地点原因进行分析、探讨,提出切合实际的防范措施和处理方法,把预防整治、管理和监督紧密结合起来,实施综合治理,预防事故的发生。     

道路交通事故责任主体研究——兼评《侵权责任法》相关规定

随着我国汽车保有量的增加,交通事故赔偿纠纷也逐年增多。道路交通事故责任主体确定的适当与否直接影响到受害人能否得到足额的赔偿,本文以道路交通事故责任主体的立法例比较作为切入点,对交通事故责任主体理论基础进行了论述,分析了我国现有交通事故责任主体法律规定的优缺点,并对即将生效的《侵权责任法》中交通事故责任主体的规定进行了评析,在此基础上对我国交通事故责任主体的立法完善提出了建议。     

静载送桩法在基桩事故处理中的应用

以工程的基桩事故处理为例,详细介绍了将处理和验证相结合的静载送桩处理方法。工程实践证明,该方法节省了处理费用,大大压缩了处理时间,效果直观、良好,避免了同类工程中静载设备移动困难,提供了新思路。     

ISSUES IN COUNSELING OLDER PEOPLE

This paper reports a thorough investigation of reading habits and activities which may require skills used in prose recall tasks as they occur in the everyday lives of adults. Over the space of five weeks, fifty‐four participants (18 young, aged 18‐32; 18 middle, aged 40‐54; 18 older, aged over 62) kept structured diaries in which they indicated how they spent their time, as well as the specific materials they had read and how long they had spent reading each item. Analyses were performed on each of 23 reading variables and 20 activity variables. Part I of this paper considers whether there were age and vocabulary differences in activities. Results indicate that while such differences exist, primarily in the amount of time spent reading, everyday activities and reading habits were also related to the requirements of daily life‐‐school, employment, retirement. Part II uses a cluster analysis of the data to demonstrate that the patterning of everyday activities was influenced more by current schooling and career factors than by the age and vocabulary level of the participants. Part II also considers the ecological validity of prose recall studies by examining the frequency of activities similar to laboratory‐style prose recall tasks and finds that such activities have a very low incidence in the everyday lives of adults.     

高速公路交通事故分布规律及多发位置的鉴别研究

依据宁连高速公路北段大量交通事故资料,采用统计分析的方法,得出交通事故的时间分布、事故形态分布、事故交通方式分布、气候分布的规律,并分析交通事故在各种状态下的原因。采用适合本路段的累计频率曲线法进行鉴别,寻求最佳曲线进行拟合,得出事故多发位置,并对事故多发的原因进行简要分析。     

交通事故致因分析的突变模型

利用非线性科学领域的突变论分析交通事故致因，构建了交通事故致因的突变模型，给出了交通事故突变模型的势函数形式，分析了系统在稳定区和非稳定区域状态变化的定量关系，并解释了交通事故发生前后系统控制参数的连续变化引起系统状态的突然变化以及不同的控制参数对事故危害结果的影响程度。结果表明：要想控制交通事故的发生就必须控制人为因素和物的因素之组合落在稳定区域内。防止系统的状态越过潜在突变区；防止事故发生的基本原理就是使人和物的运动轨迹在临界点外。     

交通事故再现教学素材库的构建

以交通事故综合研究平台为依托建立的交通事故再现教学素材库，是一个融合汽车碰撞事故再现的基本理论与实践应用技术、事故人-车-路信息、事故现场和车辆图片、事故过程动画演示、事故案例数据库的综合软件平台。素材库包含6个相关部分：PPT课件库、事故案例库、事故图片库、再现演示库、资料库和论文库。相应课件和案例演示已在车辆工程专业相关课程中发挥作用。该素材库已多次应用于北京市交管部门事故办案民警的培训课程。     

电梯门系统事故分析与建议

在电梯事故中,以门系统事故居多。北京市发生的几起典型事故,与门结构设计、电气安全装置、保护装置等技术问题以及使用单位维保不到位、制度不健全有关。针对电梯门事故,建议在宣传、准入机制、监管力度等方面做好工作。     

物流企业道路运输安全事故成因及隐患分析

随着我国经济的发展,物流需求日益增长,物流企业道路运输业务日增月盛,物流道路运输事故也随之递增,货车事故已经成为阻碍社会经济发展的顽疾。根据福建省某地区三年内的交通事故数据分析可知,物流企业道路运输事故的主要成因包括人员因素、车辆因素、道路因素等。应用德尔菲法对事故隐患做出定性分析,可有效帮助物流企业安全生产管理人员认清货车事故成因与隐患,提前做好预警、防范,减少道路运输生产安全事故的发生率。     

2006-2014年港澳海岛旅游事故时空演变分析

港澳作为亚太地区重要的旅游目的地,成为众多游客的优先选择。文章通过对近十年来的港澳旅游事故进行统计和分类,发现港澳旅游事故主要集中在灾难事故类。在时间和空间尺度上的分析,得出港澳旅游事故主要发生在夏秋季节,在景区和道路上发生的概率较大。最后,应用因果图法,分析港澳海岛旅游事故形成的机理与成因,并提出解决问题的对策。     

高校实验室安全与防护

文章基于近年来高校实验室发生的安全事故,对事故原因进行深入剖析,划分实验室常见事故类型并介绍实验室相关安全知识和事故处理办法、应急预案,旨在让高校师生树立实验室安全意识,加强防范,建设平安校园。     

论《新华日报》对宋庆龄的宣传

《新华日报》是中国共产党在抗日战争和解放战争初期于国统区公开出版的唯一的大型日报,它关于宋庆龄的宣传和报道是非常多的。这些报道主要集中在她于妇女运动、抗日民主统一战线、救助灾民等方面的活动与贡献。《新华日报》之所以凸显宋庆龄,原因主要是：她是一位真正的爱国者;其言行蕴含着中共的政策及主张;她能在国际社会发挥政治影响力。《新华日报》不遗余力地报道宋庆龄所带来的宣传效应非常明显,既增强了《新华日报》的影响力又增强了宋庆龄与中国共产党相互间的信任度。