Psychological Correlates of Fear of Falling in the Elderly

Fear of falling (FOF) is widely found in the elderly population and, regardless of its complex nature as a multicomponent construct, its related psychological variables have been overlooked as primary research topics. This article aims to examine the relationship between FOF, falls self efficacy, anxiety, balance, and perceived control over falling in a sample of older adults. A total of 100 subjects aged 60+ were asked about the presence of FOF, falls history, health, and functional status; they also completed the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES), the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI), the Perceived Control Over Falling Scale (PCOF), and the Performance-Oriented Assessment of Mobility and Balance (POMA-I). FOF was found to be associated with low falls self efficacy, low perceived control over falling, and reduced balance but not with anxiety. Conversely, a statistically significant association was found between GAI and FES, PCOF and POMA-I, and 47.1% of FOF was explained by two items from FES and GAI. FOF is influenced by variables that, though being commonly considered equivalent to FOF, do not fully explain it. A critical thought on the instruments used to evaluate FOF, is needed as well as additional studies to clarify the role of specific psychological variables.     

The Production of Audio-Visual Media in School

In 1970, the International Council for Educational Media (ICEM) set up a working party under the brief: ‘The production of audio-visual media in schools’. The author of the present article is the leader of this working party. Since its establishment, it has now completed two part projects, two other projects are ‘in hand’ and a fifth is about to be started.     

雨滴下落速度的讨论

在阐述了雨滴形成机制的基础上,运用流体力学的相关知识,分析了黏性阻力和压差阻力对雨滴下落速度的影响。笔者将雨滴视为球体,考虑到其大小及所受阻力的不同,推导计算出雨滴的下落速度与其半径之间的关系,最后对雨滴下落的收尾速度做了一般性的讨论。     

Preadolescent Friendship and Peer Rejection as Predictors of Adult Adjustment

Although peer-rejected children appear to be at risk for later difficulties, the contribution of preadolescent friendship to adaptive adjustment lacks an empirical foundation. In this 12 year follow-up investigation, 30 young adults who had a stable, reciprocal best friend in fifth grade and 30 who had been chumless completed measures of adjustment in multiple domains. Friendship and peer rejection were found to have unique implications for adaptive development. Lower levels of preadolescent peer rejection uniquely predicted overall life status adjustment, whereas friended preadolescents had higher levels of general self-worth in adulthood even after controlling for perceived competence in preadolescence. In contrast, peer rejection and the absence of friendship were both associated with psychopathological symptoms in adulthood, although neither was uniquely predictive of symptomatology.     

Past Peer Victimization and Current Adult Attachment in College Students

The authors examined the potential long‐term effects of peer victimization experiences during childhood on attachment quality in current adult relationships in a sample of 386 university students attending 2 northeastern universities. Findings included (a) no significant gender differences regarding verbal or relational peer victimization; (b) significant correlations between all forms of previous victimization; and (c) previous verbal and relational victimization predicting less stable adult attachments, with verbal victimization being more significant.     

成人英语词汇教学中的自我评估和同辈评估

在成人词汇学习中引入自我评估和同辈评估,并经过系统的训练,学生不仅词汇量得到了极大地提升,而且自我评估能力及信心也大大增强了。     

The Production of Audio-Visual Materials and their Use in the Teaching of Modern Languages

Herr Lingsch began by giving an account of the present and planned productions of the Institute in Munich and touching on the considerations and views which led to their type of productions. The sequence of Film-picture-sound begins, in subjects such as Geography and Science, with the medium of the moving picture, which is so essential to them. In modern languages the acoustic media are the more important aids. A pioneering experiment in the use of film in modern language teaching took place in Austria in 1943. Annie Stucker-Krauszler used the silent puppet film The Race between the Hare and the Hedgehog for conversation exercises in teaching English. Without there being a direct connection, Gerald Fleming has been using the silent 8mm loop film for some years. In short cartoon films he presents brief episodes of everyday life in France. The 16mm sound film after the war can be categorized as follows:     

大学生朋辈心理辅导的实践与探讨

当前大学生心理健康问题日益突出,而且大学生心理健康教育中存在方法单一和相关的软硬件不足等问题。朋辈心理辅导是高校开展心理健康教育的一种新形式,也是心理健康教育非常有效的方法之一。多年的大学生朋辈心理辅导的实践表明:大学生朋辈心理辅导的特点突出,实施方式多样,实践效果非常明显。大学生心理健康教育必须倡导朋辈心理辅导,并将其和思想政治教育有机结合起来,这对大学生形成客观的自我意识、培养积极的个性品质,使其向健康、文明的方向发展有重要意义。     

The Adolescent Relational Dialectic and the Peer Roots of Adult Social Functioning

The long‐term import of a fundamental challenge of adolescent social development—establishing oneself as a desirable peer companion while avoiding problematic behaviors often supported within peer groups—was examined in a community sample of 184 adolescents, followed from ages 13 to 23, along with parents, peers, and romantic partners. The dialectical nature of this challenge appeared in findings that autonomy vis‐à‐vis peer influences predicted both long‐term success avoiding problematic behavior but also more difficulty establishing strong adult friendships. Conversely, being a desirable peer companion in adolescence predicted more positive adult relationships but also greater alcohol use. Adolescents who established themselves as both desirable companions and as autonomous vis‐à‐vis peers were rated as most successful by their parents at age 23.     

Older Adult Issues and Experiences Through the Stories and Images of Film

Abstract

This article discusses and describes how to use film as a creative, powerful, and effective technique for teaching social work with older adults at both the undergraduate and graduate levels of education. An analysis of student responses about the effectiveness of this teaching pedagogy is presented. The findings support the idea of using film as a technique to engage students in learning about the process of aging.     

Debunking the Fear of Peer Review: Combining Supervision and Evaluation and Living to Tell About It

Scholars have argued that combining supervision and evaluation is a conflict of interest that will damage the coaching process. Peer assistance and review (PAR) is an approach to the supervision and evaluation of teachers that runs counter to this argument, as the coach charged with providing professional support to a new or struggling veteran teacher also plays a formal role in that teacher’s summative personnel evaluation. This article presents data from a study of one urban school district in California as it implemented a PAR program, asking: (1) To what degree do PAR mentees trust their coaches, who conduct both formative and summative assessments? (2) How do PAR mentees who do not trust their coaches differ from those who do? Mentees’ trust in their coaches was a point and a half higher than their lack of trust in their coaches, as self-reported on a 4-point Likert scale. Those mentees who did not report a high degree of trust in their coaches were low-performing mentees.     

社会生产——物质生产与精神生产的有机统一

人类社会的生产实践活动从来就是物质生产和精神生产的有机统一,社会生产方式也是物质生产方 式与精神方式的有机统一。同理,作为反映社会生产推动人类社会历史发展的社会基本矛盾,也是对社会物 质生产与精神生产相互作用,有机统一的矛盾运动规律的概括。人类社会就是在物质生产和精神生产的相互 作用、相互促进中不断发展的。社会基本矛盾是物质生产与精神生产相互作用的有机整体及其辩证运动。     

谈成人英语教学

针对成人学英语所面临的诸多困难，根据成人特点，有针对性开展英语教学工作，从提高教师自身素质入手，合理组织教学，改进教学方法，强化教学效果，培养学生运用英语语言的综合能力。     

落针式粘滞系数实验仪的误差分析与改进

从多个角度设计实验方案,测量甘油的粘滞系数,对实验结果进行误差分析,指出PH-Ⅲ型变温落针式粘滞系数实验仪在设计上存在的缺陷,并探讨改进之处.     

成人学习方法研究——成人学生拒绝参与讨论的原因及对策分析

讨论作为一种常见的教学方法,除了具有益智作用之外,还兼具情感作用和社会作用。而在使用此法的过程中,很多学生的态度却让教师颇为费解：为什么学生会拒绝参与讨论,如何有效解决这一问题？本文就此从几个方面进行了分析,并提出对策建议。     

Predictors of Adult Education Program Satisfaction in Urban Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Lifelong learning is receiving greater attention due to population aging in modern societies. Lifelong learning benefits individuals by supporting their physical, psychological, social, and economic well-being. However, older adults generally have lower motivation for learning than younger adults, and facilitating long-term participation in learning activities is still challenging. Previous studies mainly identified negative factors such as barriers and obstacles to individuals’ initial participation in lifelong learning programs. As such, less is known about positive factors that promote long-term participation. To address this gap, data were collected from 330 older adults who participated in the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute program in an urban community in the United States. Results from proportional odds ordinal logistic regression analysis demonstrated that gender, number of household members, income, religious affiliation, self-rated health, and number of courses taken were associated with satisfaction with the program. In hopes to promote true lifelong learning, possible explanations about the findings are explored and several recommendations for existing lifelong learning programs are derived in this study.     

论成人高等教育教材建设存在的问题及对策

教材建设在提高成人高等教育教学质量中发挥着举足轻重的作用。当前成人高等教育教材建设还存在着种类少、内容陈旧、重理论轻实践、自编教材质量不高等亟待解决的问题。因此,要针对成人高等教育教材建设存在的问题采取措施加以解决。     

高职院校教师职业压力的特殊成因与对策浅探

同其他类型学校教师相比,高职院校教师面临着特殊的职业压力,本文对高职院校教师面临的七大职业压力源进行了阐述,并提出了高职院校教师压力的缓解对策。     

自由落体实验法测重力加速度的误差探讨

对自由落体测重力加速度实验中两个重要的误差来源进行了讨论,给出了在考虑相关误差来源时重力加速度的修正公式,并进行了相关的实验验证.     

Close Friendship Strength and Broader Peer Group Desirability as Differential Predictors of Adult Mental Health

Middle adolescents’ close friendship strength and the degree to which their broader peer group expressed a preference to affiliate with them were examined as predictors of relative change in depressive symptoms, self-worth, and social anxiety symptoms from ages 15 to 25 using multimethod, longitudinal data from 169 adolescents. Close friendship strength in midadolescence predicted relative increases in self-worth and decreases in anxiety and depressive symptoms by early adulthood. Affiliation preference by the broader peer group, in contrast, predicted higher social anxiety by early adulthood. Results are interpreted as suggesting that adolescents who prioritize forming close friendships are better situated to manage key social developmental tasks going forward than adolescents who prioritize attaining preference with many others in their peer milieu.