The relationship between perceived competence and earned credits in competence-based higher education

We explored how two types of study outcomes, perceived competence and earned credits, are interrelated, and influenced by self-regulation, motivation (intrinsic value and expectancy of procrastination) and deep approach to learning. The relationships between these variables were analysed in a sample of 894 first-year Dutch university students, using linear structural modelling. Results show that learning process factors play other roles in explaining perceived competence than in explaining earned credits. Perceived competence and earned credits, as two sides of the same coin in competence-based education, are only weakly related. Furthermore, this study shows that it is most likely that perceived competence affects earned credits, but a model in which earned credits affects perceived competence as possible causal relationship was also accepted, although the relationship remains weak. The practical implication of this study is that, as long as perceived competence and the number of credits are not related, competence-based higher education will not obtain optimal efficiency. For participants and researchers in higher education, it remains important to be aware that different learning goals may evoke different study behaviours in students, and the challenge for higher education is to align these goals.     

Focus on dementia care: Continuing education preferences,challenges, and catalysts among rural home care providers

ABSTRACT

Home care staff who provide housekeeping and personal care to individuals with dementia generally have lower levels of dementia care training compared with other health care providers. The study's purposes were to determine whether the professional role of home care staff in a predominantly rural region was associated with preferences for delivery formats of dementia-specific continuing education (CE) programs, and challenges and catalysts to attending CE on any topic. From January through March, 2014, 82 of 111 eligible home care staff in one Saskatchewan health region completed a cross-sectional postal survey (73.9% response rate). The survey included 41 nurses/case managers (client care coordinators, assessors, and team managers) and 41 continuing care aides (home health aides). Nurses/case managers and aides were equally likely to report moderate to high interest in locally delivered CE and low interest in Internet-based and computer-based CE. Compared with nurses/case managers, aides were more likely to report challenges to CE attendance due to CE not being a requirement of their position or relevant to their work. Low staffing levels were the top challenge regardless of professional role. Nurses/case managers and aides were equally likely to identify locally offered programs and paid time off as the top two catalysts of CE attendance. Given the growing number of individuals with dementia receiving home care services, the current study suggests that continuing education should be offered locally and included in rural staff’s paid time in order to encourage attendance.     

English as a second language nurses in the United States: culture,communication, and needs for continuing education

The purpose of the study was to understand the role of culture in English as a Second Language (ESL) nurses’ clinical communication experiences in the United States, and how these experiences demonstrate the need for continuing education for ESL nurses. Five Taiwanese nurses who worked in U.S. health care contexts were recruited in the study. Data were collected through focus group and individual interviews, and data were analyzed using narrative and thematic analyses. Findings indicate that cultural differences in clinical settings complicated ESL nurses’ communication experiences, including linguistic and cultural diversity, the independent role of nurses, patient-centered care, and choice of speech registers. Findings further show that comprehensive on-the-job, vocational training in English for Nursing Purposes (ENP) is essential in order to assist ESL nurses’ transit between home and host country cultures. In other words, familiarising nurses with patient-centered care and different discourse patterns, developing critical thinking skills, and enhancing cultural competence should be emphasised in ESL nurses’ continuing education.     

浅谈高校继续教育培训招生宣传工作中的问题及对策

经济的快速发展和高等教育逐渐走向大众化,使成人非学历继续教育需求日渐增长。如今,招生宣传工作已成为高校是否能够取得可持续发展的重要条件,由此而导致高等院校之间的生源竞争正在变得更趋激烈,在成人教育发展新形势下,高校在招生宣传工作中如何充分通过宣传,利用宣传,向学生传递院校信息,吸引学生报名是值得共同探索的课题。     

继续教育与终身教育的新方式:现代远程教育

继续教育和终身教育以促进人在一生中不间断的学习为主要目标,而现代远程教育作为新时代科技发展中的产物,其延续了继续教育与终身教育的教育观念,并结合自身的优势,创造出更加适合的教育方式。本文主要分析了现代远程教育的优势,并针对我国现代远程教育的发展问题及应对措施进行了研究和探讨。     

Implicit theories,goal orientations,and perceived competence: Impact on students' achievement behavior

The present study was designed to explore relations between implicit theories of intelligence, goal orientations, perceived competence, and school achievement. It was assumed that implicit theories of intelligence orient individuals toward particular goals, which in turn influence achievement behavior. Perceived competence was hypothesized to moderate the relationship between implicit theories, goal orientations and actual achievement. Subjects were 451 elementary and junior high school students. The results of Pearson product moment correlations and Path analysis show theoretically important intercorrelations that replicated previous research. Implicit theories were not related to academic achievement. Goal orientations had an indirect effect on achievement, which was mediated through perceived competence. Educational implications of these findings are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

知本、力本与生本:课堂范式的三次转型

课堂范式,是指教师群体在课堂这一特定教育教学场域中共同认知、公认价值和常用技术的总和。其要素主要包括课堂所体现的教育价值取向、教学目标确立、教学内容选择、师生角色特征与关系、教学行为表征、教学结果评价、课堂文化体现。现代课堂经历了从＂知本＂到＂力本＂再到＂生本＂的三次范式转型,这并不是课堂教学方式的简单更替,而是一定时期社会文化发展、知识观嬗变等因素的共同作用和体现。     

混合式学习模式与继续教育、终身教育的内在联系

混合式学习模式将传统的面对面学习与网络学习有效结合,使课堂学习延伸到生活、工作中去,实现了"生活即学习,学习即生活"的学习状态,它在继续教育领域英语教学中的应用,有效地促进了学生的自主学习、终身学习,对建设终身学习型社会起着重大的推动作用。     

Including multicultural education in science education: Definitions,competencies, and activities

Overall, too few science teachers are being prepared in this country, and ethnic minority students are rarely enrolling in science teacher education programs. Thus, it is particularly important that multicultural education be included in science teacher education programs. I do not believe that science teacher educators will be able to prepare significantly more minority science teachers in the near future to teach the growing number of minority students in schools. Consequently, science teacher education programs must begin producing multicultural teachers. If we do not, then millions of children will not receive an adequate science education, let alone a good one.     

深化中美继续教育领域的交流与合作——第二届中美继续教育国际论坛综述

本文通过2007年第二届中美继续教育国际论坛各论题的介绍,分析了中美两国继续教育在全球化、国际化背景下呈现出的特点和发展趋势,探讨了中美两国继续教育面临的市场及发展空间,阐述了中美高校如何在继续教育领域深化交流与合作,如何利用现代远程教育技术等手段开展跨国继续教育与培训,如何促进两国继续教育事业的发展.     

Formative assessment and intrinsic motivation: The mediating role of perceived competence

Formative Assessment (FA) refers to eliciting evidence about students’ understanding and using the information to support learning, e.?g. via individual feedback. There is evidence that FA fosters students’ motivation, but less is known about the underlying processes. The present study investigates direct effects of FA on intrinsic motivation as well as the mediating role of students’ perceived competence, drawing on Deci and Ryan’s self-determination theory. In a randomized, controlled trial, primary school teachers were either assigned to an FA training (n?=?17) or to a control group (CG; n?=?11). All teachers then taught two science units in their classrooms (FA: n?=?319 students, CG: n?=?232). Multilevel regression analyses showed a higher perceived competence and a marginally higher intrinsic motivation for FA students after unit 1. After unit 2, both intrinsic motivation and perceived competence were higher in the FA condition, and the impact on intrinsic motivation was significantly mediated by students’ perceived competence after the first unit. These results confirm and extend previous findings on the effectiveness of formative assessment on motivational outcomes.     

A question of gender justice: Exploring the linkages between women's unpaid care work,education, and gender equality

ActionAid International implemented an action-research programme on women's unpaid care work in rural Nepal from March 2011 to December 2012. This social empowerment methodology, Reflect, enabled 106 women to gain recognition for their unpaid care work through their own collection of time-use data. The literacy skills women acquired facilitated greater representation in community meetings calling for a reduction in their unpaid care work rather than shifting this work to girls. The article draws on Fraser's model of gender justice to explore how women's literacy, girls’ education and a more equitable balance of care work are needed to improve women's status.     

Attitudes,perceived competence,and social limitation among older adults with hearing problems

ABSTRACT

Objectives

This study aims to examine the association between attitudes, perceived competence, and social limitation among older adults with hearing impairment.     

Trajectories of math achievement and perceived math competence over high school and postsecondary education: effects of an all-girl curriculum in high school

This study investigated the benefits of all-girls' classroom instruction in math and/or science during Grades 9 and/or 10, within the context of a public co-educational high school. There were 118 participants in this longitudinal investigation: 26 girls in the all-girl classes, as well as 42 girls and 50 boys in the regular co-educational program. A range of pre-existing achievement, background, and psychological characteristics were included as covariates to ensure comparability of the groups. Individual growth curve modeling was used to examine how math achievement and perceived math competence changed over the course of high school and postsecondary education. Change was found to be nonlinear for both constructs (with math achievement starting high, dipping, and then recovering; and with perceived competence doing the opposite). The all-girl intervention appeared to act as a protective mechanism against the temporary decline in math achievement experienced by both co-ed boys and co-ed girls.     

Quality of life,the development of competence and higher education

As a basis for considering the types of third level education and research activity that are required, research into the quality of life, social and civic attitudes, the components of competence, and the effectiveness of the educational system is first summarized.It is concluded that there is no shortage of jobs to be done by hands which are-currently idle in our society, but, if the necessary work is to be undertaken, new understandings of society, economics, wealth, public policy and democracy are required. Both the managers of our society, and citizens in general, need to develop new perceptions, expectations, understandings and patterns of competence. It is concluded that the role of the university must change radically. One possibility would be for it to come to see itself, first and foremost, as a producer of new concepts and understandings and new tools to administer, and provide accountability within, modern society. If this were to happen, it would function only secondarily, in a very much reduced role, as a provider of highly specialised knowledge. Other institutions would take over the competencepromoting functions which second and third level educational institutions currently neglect. Although there is an urgent need for a major programme of adult education, that need might best be met by other educational agencies.     

How teacher emotional support motivates students: The mediating roles of perceived peer relatedness,autonomy support,and competence

Multilevel mediation analyses test whether students' mid-year reports of classroom experiences of autonomy, relatedness with peers, and competence mediate associations between early in the school year emotionally-supportive teacher-student interactions (independently observed) and student-reported academic year changes in mastery motivation and behavioral engagement. When teachers were observed to be more emotionally-supportive in the beginning of the school year, adolescents reported academic year increases in their behavioral engagement and mastery motivation. Mid-year student reports indicated that in emotionally-supportive classrooms, adolescents experienced more developmentally-appropriate opportunities to exercise autonomy in their day-to-day activities and had more positive relationships with their peers. Analyses of the indirect effects of teacher emotional support on students' engagement and motivation indicated significant mediating effects of autonomy and peer relatedness experiences, but not competence beliefs, in this sample of 960 students (ages 11–17) in the classrooms of 68 middle and high school teachers in 12 U.S. schools.     

Social enterprise,education and work: entrepreneurialism on the margins

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the rise of social enterprise in relation (and in response) to the contemporary nexus between education and work. Contextualising social enterprise within the broader trend toward private influences in education, the paper explores how diffuse networks driven by both market ideals and a social conscience are shaping new sites of education and work on the margins. Drawing on in-depth research undertaken on the experiences of homeless street press sellers of the social enterprise The Big Issue, I bring focused attention to the lived experience of these transformations in policy and practice. The analysis reveals how entrepreneurialism intersects with precarious poverty to frame sellers’ cultivation of their skills and techniques as enterprising workers on the margins.     

Intrinsic motivation,perceived competence and classroom engagement as longitudinal predictors of adolescent reading achievement

This study investigated the effects of intrinsic motivation, perceived competence, classroom engagement and extrinsic motivation on reading development among youth. Using a nationally representative sample of students in the US, the researchers followed students longitudinally from fifth to eighth grade. Reading achievement was measured using composite tests of vocabulary, reading comprehension and sight-word identification. Hierarchical linear regression was used to examine the effect of students’ perceived intrinsic motivation and competence, as well as teacher rated classroom engagement in the 5th grade, on reading achievement in the 8th grade. Important control variables were utilised such as gender, family SES, race/ethnicity and prior reading achievement. The results showed that intrinsic motivation to read, perceived competence and engagement in 5th grade significantly predict reading achievement in 8th grade. The importance students placed upon grades also predicted reading development. Implications for promoting intrinsic motivation and strong engagement in schools are discussed.