GENDER COMPARISONS OF BABY BOOMERS AND FINANCIAL PREPARATION FOR RETIREMENT

This study compared men and women, focusing on three middle‐year age groups incorporating the baby boomers, in relation to the level of savings for retirement and the number of savings vehicles utilized. The research tapped into a study conducted by the National Center for Women and Retirement Research. Usable responses were received from 1,287 persons, 872 females and 415 males. Multiple linear regression identified certain personal characteristics, economic factors, psy‐chosocial factors, attitudes, and investing methods that appeared to be related to the level of savings for retirement. Certain personal characteristics, economics, and psychosocial factors were identified for the investments used. The identified factors were true for both genders, thus a profile of the person most likely to have a higher level of savings for retirement and likely to own investments emerged. The males best fit the savings and investing profiles. Neither gender was saving adequately for retirement or taking full advantage of portfolio diversification, with women the lowest. Recommendations are made, based on the findings, for educators, financial institutions and advisors, employers, and policy makers.     

LIFELONG LEARNING IN NIAGARA: IDENTIFYING THE EDUCATIONAL NEEDS OF A RETIREMENT COMMUNITY

The impact of increasing numbers of retirement communities throughout North America, and specifically the Canadian province of Ontario, has led to the examination of the educational needs of this community‐based, age‐segregated population. A needs assessment of retirees residents in Heritage Village, a retirement community located in the Niagara region of Ontario, was conducted to explore the specific educational interests of this particular population. In addition, the most suitable educational approaches, environments, and learning mediums of residents were examined. Five focus groups, each having approximately 6 participants, were conducted with residents. Groups were organized according to maturity (young or old), residential history (within or out of region), and marital status (married or single/windowed). Most participants were found to be interested in education for leisure and personal development, the latter specifically around health maintenance and quality of life. The educational approaches that were most comfortable with participants centered around adult learning theory. Because transportation was a problem for some participants, on‐site learning in the Heritage Village clubhouse was suggested by many. Experiential learning within a social environment, such as a field trip, was a popular medium discussed, whereas computer learning was seen as less attractive. What is clear is that residents understand their learning needs and delivery systems within the context of the larger retirement community with which they identify through affiliation. Strategies to appropriately plan and implement older adult educational programs specific to an elderly population living in a retirement community are discussed.     

STUDENT NEEDS AND THE AUTHENTICITY OF ESP MATERIALS

A model of student needs determines the specifications of an ESP syllabus. When there is little likelihood of the student practicing his profession in anything other than his native language, the student is communicative needs in English may be limited to the study of his academic specialism. The student's professional target is one important feature that the materials writer has to take into account. But the ESP expert's notions of appropriate professional behavior do not necessarily correspond with the student's expectations. We argue that the student needs ESP materials that help him make this transition. The efficacy of ESP materials should be measured by the degree to which the student recognizes their relevance to his immediate needs.     

THE FAMILIES WHO CARE PROJECT: MEETING THE EDUCATIONAL NEEDS OF AFRICAN AMERICAN AND RURAL FAMILY CARE GIVERS DEALING WITH DEMENTIA

Successful educational outreach to address the informational needs of African American and rural families dealing with dementia requires a concerted strategy that fosters trust and conveys a genuine commitment to the targeted communities. The Families Who Care project formed a partnership that included majority and minority institutions of higher education, state and local human services organizations, and two chapters of the Alzheimer's Association. These advisory groups were asked to identify the educational needs of family caregivers and guide the implementation of a train-the-trainer effort in Virginia. The results of strategic planning sessions are detailed, and analyses of evaluation data point to racial and cultural differences in the project's effect on participating family caregivers. Conclusions support increasing the availability of cultural competence training for those who provide services to diverse caregiving families. elders and their families and communities through the development and dissemination of culturally relevant materials emphasizing both the established facts about {Alzheimer's disease and related disorders} and the efficacy of seeking treatment''(Advisory Panel on Alzheimer's Disease, 1992, p. 50). There is a similar need to train family caregivers of rural elders with dementia, whose informational and service needs     

CONVERGENT AND DISCRIMINANT VALIDATION OF MEASURES OF PERSONAL NEEDS1

The criteria of convergent and discriminant validation proposed by Campbell & Fiske (1959) were applied to a multitrait-multimethod matrix constructed from the intercorrelations of 15 need scales found in the Adjective Check List (ACL), the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS), and a normative modification of the EPPS (N-EPPS). The evidence, based upon 131 male and female college freshmen, supported the convergent and discriminant validity of the 15 needs when the two forms of the Edwards inventory were compared. When these two instruments were compared with the ACL, the criteria of convergent and discriminant validity were met, but only to a minimal extent.     

COLLEGE EDUCATORS AND THE RETIREMENT DECISION

Our findings from a survey study of retired educators (N – 373) confirm that reasons for the retirement decision have changed over time. Long‐term retirees were found to stress the influence of statutory imperatives in leaving the workplace, whereas the recently retired, and women in particular, were more likely to cite factors related to personal interest and life‐style. Results suggest that university personnel programs engaged in retirement life planning need to be responsive to retirees' changing needs.     

论高校教师需要的特点及其管理特色

要做好教师的管理工作，必须了解、分析教育的特点，并根据特点进行工作。从高校教育的需要特点出发，将高校教师的特点归纳为：物质需要的简朴性、发展需要的稳定性、自尊需要的迫切性和成就需要的强烈性，并对上述特点进行了阐述分析，进而提出了管理的思想。     

超氧化物歧化酶的制备及应用

介绍SOD的制备方法、结构与功能的关系及其在临床上的应用,对深入研究SOD不仅具有重大的理论意义,也有重大的应用价值。     

关于当前农村思想政治工作的几点思考

社会转型时期，我国农村思想道德建设出现了许多新问题、新矛盾，尤其是思想政治教育內容出现断层，农村税费改革和区划调整又从客观上增加了工作难度。必须深入分析原因，提高认识，加强组织领导，寻求适合农民的思想政治教育内容和载体，着重做好重点教育对象的思想政治工作。     

二氧化氯的制备与应用

本文综述了二氧化氯的制备方法和应用。二氧化氯的制备方法主要有化学法和电化学法两种。二氧化氯在纸浆漂白、医疗卫生,环境保护、食品工业和水处理等方面具有广泛的应用