EDUCATION AND ATTITUDES TOWARD TRAINING AND PROFESSIONALISM AMONG PRACTITIONERS IN THE FIELD OF AGING

This study is based on questionnaire responses of practitioners in agencies in a nine‐county area in Ohio. Data indicate that existing levels of specialized gerontological education are low, but that practitioners tend to be supportive of further training and increased professionalism. Educators should therefore find practitioners receptive to efforts to increase gerontological knowledge and professionalism. There is some contradictory evidence, however, and the question of the desirability of increased professionalism is raised.

This paper is based on data compiled as part of a wider study on aspects of the labor force in the field of aging. The original study was funded by the Ohio Commission on Aging through a grant to the Scripps Foundation Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.

The author thanks Mildred M. Seltzer for her helpful comments.     

理论在教师专业发展中的作用

本文结合教师工作的特征,质疑了"理论联系实际"这一提法在教师专业发展中的适用性,提出教师不仅需要学术理论,更重要的是发掘和提升自己的实践理论教师在自己实践性理论的基础上与学术理论展开对话,才能更有效地提高自己的思维和行动品质,进而促进教师个体和集体的专业发展。     

PERSPECTIVES ON THE INSTRUCTION OF BIOLOGICAL AGING COURSES

Courses in biological aging are becoming increasingly common and necessary in college curricula for several reasons. At the same time, there is a lack of guidance for instructors regarding necessary content in such a course, which is in part perpetuated by uncertainty about the background of students who need this instruction and a lack of consistency in the content and style of human aging textbooks. In this article, the authors, as instructors who have taught undergraduate level human biological aging courses for many years, describe the areas of study and needs of students likely to enroll in such a course and also detail strategies and organizational methods found to be advantagous in teaching this material in a coherent and understandable manner to a largely nonscience major student cohort. Strategies discussed include alteration of course content, decompartmentalization of topics, relation of biological topics to social science reference points, and contrasting “universal” and pathological age‐related changes. Also included is an outline of the content and order of subjects that the authors have found through experience to be successful in the instruction of a biological aging course.     

THE ROLE OF TEACHER RESEARCH IN CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

ABSTRACT:  This article sets out to examine the role of teacher research and enquiry in the professional development of teachers. The context derives from the initiative of the Scottish Executive to enhance the status and working conditions of teachers. We consider the extent to which continuing professional development activities arising out of the Chartered Teacher Programme encourage teachers to value research, equip them to become research-minded and support them to engage in research and enquiry in their own professional contexts.     

中国竞技篮球职业化发展的逻辑

运用文献资料法、访谈法、逻辑推理法、比较法,借鉴了社会学、政治学、经济学的理论,梳理了我国竞技篮球职业化的逻辑,论证了其发展特点,探索了我国竞技篮球商业化性质的职业化发展过程中的不和谐因素形成逻辑,提出了促进我国竞技篮球商业化性质的职业化发展策略     

CONCEPTIONS OF THE STUDY OF JEWISH TEXTS IN TEACHERS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

The proliferation of the study of Jewish texts in settings of teachers professional development poses a challenge for teacher educators. What is the study of these texts to provide for teachers?     

DOCTORAL TRAINING IN THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT AND AGING

The report on the “Older Boulder” Conference contained a number of recommendations for doctoral specializations in the psychology of adult development and aging. The current status of specializations was assessed by a survey of 361 psychology‐related doctoral units in the United States. There has been a clear increase from 1975 to 1984 in the number (and a qualified increase in the percentage) of psychology‐related academic units with specializations in adult development and aging. Specializations in adult development and aging are most frequently located in developmental programs in general psychology departments. Developmental psychology is the area most frequently offered for integration with a specialization in adult development and aging. Among academic units with specializations, 41% provide teaching assistantships, 56% provide research assistantships, and 46% offer internship/practicum experiences pertaining to adult development and aging. It was suggested that academic units expand opportunities for integrating adult development and aging with the clinical, community, counseling, engineering, neurological, educational, and industrial/organizational areas     

THE CHALLENGE OF QUALITY PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

This paper argues that, notwithstanding a few major exceptions, the modern commitment to studying educational thinking and practice in premodern Jewish societies has not been particularly intense, despite widespread agreement as to the importance of education in premodern Jewish life. Some suggestions for this lacuna are discussed in this article. In particular, it is urged that a major part of the problem lies in the definition of Jewish education and that—were definitions of Jewish education altered—a much wider swath of research would be seen to involve important aspects of the premodern Jewish educational enterprise.     

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF ADMINISTRATORS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES

The professional development of college and university administrators is a problem which receives attention in many discussions on the policy and planning of higher education. In this connection we give below information based on an article by Charles F. Fisher, Director of the Institute for College and University Administrators of the American Council on Education.     

MAKING CONNECTIONS: GROUNDING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES OF VYGOTSKY

Professional development is grounded in the developmental theories of Vygotsky in an attempt to better understand the mechanism underlying teacher development. The rationale for the use of Vygotskian framework is provided in the context of describing the various models of professional development. Within this theoretical framework, it is argued that concepts formulated by Vygotsky that are relevant to the education of students in school settings are also applicable to the professional growth of teachers in their work places. Various implications for effective professional development are presented by linking the developmental aspects of professional development and major tenets of Vygotsky's developmental theories.     

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LEARNING FOR AGING

This paper examines the effects of learning on the aging process. The thesis is advanced that learning slows down specific aspects of aging and its side-effects. Starting from a clarification of the concepts of "aging" and "learning," this thesis is confirmed on the basis of empirical studies for basic processes of aging and its side effects.     

DEVELOPMENT OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTS ON AGING QUIZ

The two forms of the Facts on Aging Quiz have generally been found to be reliable, factual, and useful for calling attention to the many myths about aging. The advantage of a similar quiz which deals exclusively with psychological and sociological facts about aging is its greater relevancy for courses in these popular behavioral sciences. This study presented the Psychological Facts on Aging (PFA) quiz, based primarily on original and revised items from the Facts on Aging Quiz. Norms were presented for the PFA based on community college students, and information about the derivation and difficulty of its items was presented. The PFA scores of the 15 oldest subjects did not differ significantly from the scores of the 15 youngest, and females did not score significantly higher than males. The PFA was recommended for use in community college classes in the behavioral sciences.     

高校教学中信息化自主学习环境的创设初探

信息技术对学习环境的创设起着强大的支持作用,本文主要阐述了信息技术环境下高校教师创设自主学习环境的原则、要素和模型。     

内蒙古自治区报考体育专业学生身体素质成绩聚类分析

笔者运用多元统计中的聚类分析方法 ,对内蒙古自治区 1 2个盟市 1 996～ 1 999年报考体育专业的全部考生身体素质成绩 ,以地区进行聚类 ,探讨不同地区考生的共性与个性 ,从而为指导当地体育高考应试和科学的评价体育高考水平提供依据     

实践性知识:教师专业发展的知识基础

教师在从事日常教育教学工作中自身如何发展 ?教师的专业发展具有什么知识基础 ?为什么教师学了教育学、心理学 ,还是不会教书 ?教师如何提高自我专业发展的意识和能力 ?———这些问题是本文探讨的焦点。文章从教师的知识构成入手 ,将教师的知识分成“理论性知识”和“实践性知识” ,然后对教师实践性知识的定义、内容、状态和形成机制进行分析 ,并强调了“教师实践性知识”这一概念的赋权意义和专业建设意义。     

技能大赛研究与职业院校教师专业发展

技能大赛研究既是职业院校教师学科知识发展的重要途径之一,也是教师专业能力提升的重要途径。职业院校应充分利用技能大赛资源,加强研究,促进教师专业知识发展。     

A GLIMPSE INTO THE FUTURE: PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Various experiments in distance continuing professional education via satellite in the Canadian province of British Columbia are described. The great distances separating the small scattered communities of the province make such a means of educational delivery’ essential; however, many professional educators have expressed doubts as to the real effectiveness of distance education programmes. The conclusion of the authors is that distance education degree programmes, backed by the latest communication technologies, are pedagogically effective and a major means to democratize access to higher education in difficult environments. These programmes definitely represent the wave of the future.     

THE CORRESPONDENCE THEOREM FOR COALGEBRAS

In this paper, the correspondence theorem for the usual algebraic systems is general- ized to coalgebra. Moreover, one example ,which illustrate the preimage of a subeoalgebra need not to be a subeoalgebra for general eoalgebra homomorphism, is given.