DEVELOPING CURRICULA FOR GRANDPARENTS IN JAPAN

The purpose of this study was to determine how three generations view the contribution and needs of grandparents in Japan. A sample consisting of 239 grandparents, 266 parents, and 274 grandchildren from, urban and rural areas completed the Grandparent Strengths and Needs Inventory (Strom & Strom, 1993). Grandparents reported more satisfaction, success, and involvement in teaching than was observed by parents or grandchildren. Grandparents experienced greater difficulty as well as frustration and saw themselves as less informed about their role than was reported by younger people. Significant main effects were generation, grandchild gender, grandchild age, generations living together, frequency of grandchild care by the grandparent, and amount of time the generations spent together. Implications for building curricula and guidelines for program development are identified.     

ELDERCARE IN THE 1990s: CHALLENGES AND SUPPORTS FOR EDUCATING FAMILIES

The purpose of this article is to summarize the recent literature on caregiving in order to identify viable ways to educate families to care for elderly relatives in the home environment. The demands and stresses currently associated with providing home care to older members are discussed, followed by an overview of support services that represent promising and workable approaches in enhancing families’ home‐caregiving capacities. With few exceptions, this paper is based on caregiving research published in the past five years.     

NEED FOR RESEARCH IN THE UNIVERSITIES‐ THE IRISH SITUATION

The information below analyses the situation with regard to research and its financing in the higher education institutions of Ireland.     

THE RESIDUAL PARENT TO COME: ON THE NEED FOR PARENTAL EXPERTISE AND ADVICE

In this essay, Nancy Vansieleghem starts from the observation that parents nowadays are addressed as individuals in need of parental expertise and advice. She maintains that the notion that we are living in a permanently changing society has created a context in which parents feel that they no longer “know” what is good or bad for their children. On this view, parents need to learn how to manage their parenthood. Vansieleghem questions the need for expertise and advice that is characteristic of our new mode of understanding parenting. In developing her argument, she borrows from Michel Foucault the notion “figure”—in this case, the type of parents who understand themselves as in need of expertise in order to respond to their children—and she draws further on Giorgio Agamben's analysis of the state of exception. Vansieleghem concludes by detailing the figure of the residual self as one that understands parental care as something that can and should be managed beyond concepts such as “disciplinary power” and “normalization.”     

EDUCATING FOR FORMATIVE PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITIES OF FAITH

Participation is commonly desired in and out of faith communities. Garnering formative participation entails inviting and empowering others to participate in shaping and defining a community's identity. A community that invites formative participation may empower itself to likewise participate in formative ways in its wider communities. Such participation, at all levels, may be seen as participation in God's ongoing creation, part of our calling as beings created in the image of a creating God. Formative participation should and can be a central goal of education in the church. This article offers images and possibilities for educating for formative participation.     

NEED FOR CAREER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Career education is given increasing importance by the growing employment problems of higher education graduates. Below we give a summary of a statement concerning this problem in US four‐year colleges and universities prepared by the Committee on Career Education of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU). The statement was presented during the AASCU Annual Conference held in New Orleans from 10 to 13 November 1976.     

NEED FOR CAREER EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Career education is given increasing importance by the growing employment problems of higher education graduates. Below we give a summary of a statement concerning this problem in US four‐year colleges and universities prepared by the Committee on Career Education of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU). The statement was presented during the AASCU Annual Conference held in New Orleans from 10 to 13 November 1976.     

高中生的现代性水平及其对高等教育需求的影响

本研究使用在北京、湖北、江苏、陕西四省市进行的调查数据,探讨了我国高中生的现代性水平及其对高等教育需求的影响。结果表明,父母是否是农民对学生的现代性水平具有显著影响;爷爷或奶奶是农民而且外公或外婆是农民的学生,其现代性水平显著低于只有爷爷或奶奶是农民或只有外公或外婆是农民的学生以及爷爷奶奶和外公外婆都不是农民的学生;就父辈与祖辈的影响比较而言,父母对学生现代性水平的影响高于祖父母的影响;学生的现代性水平对其高等教育需求具有显著影响学生的现代性水平越高,对高等教育的需求越强烈。     

THE PLOWDEN REPORT'S RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IDENTIFYING CHILDREN IN NEED OF EXTRA HELP

The inadequacies of an area or school‐based approach to the problem of identifying children who are in need of extra help at school are illustrated with data collected from the infant reception classes of 12 schools. These sample schools were each nominated for one of three categories according to the characteristics of the areas which they served. The two local education authorities involved each nominated an advantaged school, a settled working‐class school, and four deprived schools. The socio‐economic and developmental characteristics of the infant reception class intakes of these categories of school type were examined. The findings were that categories of school type are not as socio‐economically disparate as may often be assumed; and that there appears to be a sizeable relationship between school type and the school entrants’ developmental characteristics, but there are too many exceptions to this general trend to justify the use of school characteristics for identifying ‘children at risk’.     

EDUCATING AN AGING SOCIETY: THE UNIVERSITY OF THE THIRD AGE IN FINLAND

Finland has responded to the educational needs of its aging population with the development of its version of the University of the Third Age. This article traces the creation of the University of the Third Age in Finland from seeds sown in France and England during the 1970s. The unique features of Finland's cultural hybrid University of the Third Age (U3A) are described from existing literature and field research data collected for this study. In addition, the educational interests and activities of a sample of older learners from five University of the Third Age campuses in Finland are described. Emerging organizational issues associated with growth in student populations and credentialing concerns are noted and briefly discussed.     

大学物理及其实验教学提升育人功能研究

当前,大学物理及其实验教学在理工科专业中承担着传授基本物理学知识的功能,在这个过程中,教书与育人必须相结合,通过大学物理及其实验的教学中增加育人点的做法,帮助学生树立正确的三观以及审美观念,培养创新能力、科学精神和科学的思维方式,增强学生文化自信,激发其爱国主义情操和社会责任感,培养组织纪律性和团队协作精神,增强其规范意识发挥其无可替代的作用,真正实现教书与育人的统一,智育与德育的统一.