Filipino Arts Among Elders in Institutionalized Care Settings

The use of traditional art in recreational therapies is unexplored. This paper, thus, attempts to surface the unique power of traditional Filipino arts (TFA) as synergizing lens in capturing the individual and the collective experiences of a select group of Filipino elderly in an institutionalized care setting relative to their feelings of depression and self-esteem. Three Filipino elderly housed in an institutionalized care setting were chosen for this phenomenological study, a robotfoto and a series of semistructured interviews constitute the main data gathering tool. Field texts were subjected to phenomenological reduction via the repertory grid analysis. Emerged themes were subjected to a series of member checking procedures to ensure the trustworthiness of the reported data. Depression and self-esteem were interpreted via two emerged themes. The themes were Me, Myself, and Melancholy and Will Not Let My Worth Wither. Through recreational therapies in the form of traditional Filipino arts, participants found novel psychological crutches that overcame the challenges of depression and give them hope toward more positive views of themselves and life.     

Older Computer-Literate Women: Their Motivations,Obstacles, and Paths to Success

The societal view that regards geriatrics as a period of decline may not be congruent to the views of elderly people themselves. This gives rise to the need for further understanding of how elderly individuals evaluate their lives. A phenomenological design was employed for purposes of discovering and characterizing the essence behind the life experiences and disposition of a select group of Filipino elderly and its role in shaping their attitudes toward death. Five individuals aged 65 and above were purposively chosen to participate. Interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed, and examined, applying both processing and scrutiny techniques. A set of themes representing the elderly's lived experiences was surfaced through warm and cool analyses. The study revealed that geriatrics is a period of intersection of the three dimensions of elderly's lived experience—reminiscence, living disposition, and end-of-life views. The respondents viewed their families as their main source of support and guidance, values, principles, and beliefs. Accepting problems as integral to life, they have found a driving force that made them surpass these challenges. New beliefs and attitudes were acquired, resulting in providing self-control, strength, appreciation, genuine spirituality, gratitude, fulfillment, and self-worth. In their end-of-life views, dignity was a major issue which must be recognized and reinforced prior to embracing one's destiny to die. The present study maintains that the three dimensions of elderly's lived experiences are equally important in geriatric care practice. This offers valuable insights and reflections for a better understanding of geriatrics as a neglected field in the health-care delivery system.     

Petmanship: Understanding Elderly Filipinos' Self-Perceived Health and Self-Esteem Captured from their Lived Experiences with Pet Companions

Understanding of the lived experiences of geriatric clients with pets, particularly in the Western cultures, has been the subject of many studies. However, little is known about how Asian cultures, particularly the Filipino elderly, view their experiences with their pets in regard to their self-esteem and self-perceived health. This phenomenological study purports to capture the essence of the lived experiences of a select group of Filipino elderly with their pet companions in relation to their self-perceived health and self-esteem. A total of five Filipino elderly recruited from the Luzon area were involved in this study and were chosen through the snowballing technique. A three-part instrument was made by the researchers to gather data, namely robotfoto, semistructured interviews, and doodling activities. Field texts were analyzed via structural analysis through the aid of dendogram. Results of both cool and warm analysis have eidetically and interestingly described how the new coinage of petmanship, as introduced in the study, surfaced the functional and the instrumental views of pets relative to the elderly's self-esteem, vis-a-vis their Self-Efficacy Booster and Social Proactivity Builder roles in regard to self-perceived health. The metaphorical images drawn by the Filipino elderly surfaced the Roles Syndrome of Petmanship and the Rules Syndrome of Petmanship.     

Thinking styles and academic stress coping among Chinese secondary school students

Abstract

This study investigated the predictive power of thinking styles for academic stress coping. Participants were 563 (280 males, 275 females, 8 gender unspecified) secondary school students in grades 7 through 12 from mainland China. Thinking styles were measured using the Thinking Styles Inventory-Revised II which was based on the theory of mental self-government. Coping strategies were measured by the COPE-Revised, which was derived from Carver’s COPE (1989). Results showed that thinking styles had statistically significant predictive power for academic stress-coping strategies beyond age and gender, largely in the expected directions. Theoretical implications for research on intellectual styles and coping are discussed; and some practical implications for school teachers and students are proposed.     

儒家式应对的心理结构及其验证

此研究从儒家传统出发,在以往他人工作的基础上,编制和确定了儒家式应对问卷,并使用抑郁、焦虑、心理韧性和中国人思维方式作为外部效标工具,确定了儒家式应对心理结构的有效性。探索性和验证性因素分析确定了儒家应对思维可以分为天命思想、亲挫折思想和责任思想3个维度。进一步的回归分析发现天命思想会增加焦虑,责任思想会降低焦虑;亲挫折思想和责任思想均会降低抑郁和增加心理韧性个人力。研究还发现亲挫折思想与中国人的联系性和变化性思维存在显著正相关;责任思想与变化性之间存在显著正相关;天命思想与变化性之间存在显著负相关。研究结果对我们了解中国文化对中国人应对方式的影响有重要的理论意义。     

Exporting the European Idea of a National Language: Some Educational Implications of the Use of English and Indigenous Languages in the Philippines

The Philippines has a bilingual education policy, using English and a major indigenous language, Tagalog, renamed "Filipino". This article describes a study on the problem facing approximately two thirds of the population who do not have English or Filipino as their first or home language. Senior secondary school students were asked abut their attitudes towards English, Filipino and their home language (Cebuana, Ilocano or Waray). Attitudes to the three languages differed. Some respondents favoured Filipino over English, others vice versa. Most respondents showed attachment to their home languages. The study concluded that it is possible for Filipinos to be literate in their mother tongue and still be fluent in Filipino, as the national language of the country, with English continuing in its role as the international language.     

The long and winding road: A grounded theory of reminiscence among Filipino residents in nursing homes

Although reminiscence is a naturally occurring process in late adulthood, not all older adults reminisce effectively. Notably, feelings of guilt, loneliness, bitterness and regret lead to despair and remorse rather than integrity. In spite of this, little is known about the process of reminiscence among Filipino older adults. This grounded study aims to develop a model that describes how a select group of older Filipino patients residing in nursing homes in the Philippines experience reminiscence.

Strauss and Corbin’s (1990) grounded theory design was employed in this study. A total of eighteen (18) Filipino older adults in nursing homes were purposively selected to participate in one-on-one, semi-structured interviews. These were then transcribed into field texts and analyzed through open, axial and selective coding. Member checking procedure was employed to ensure that the emerged themes were sensible and consistent with the participants’ lived experiences.

Through constant comparative method, the findings of this study presented the development of a three-phase process (Reactivating, Reconstructing and Reframing) that describes the reminiscence experiences of a select group of Filipino nursing home residents. The emergent theoretical model invites nurses as quality care providers to renew and restructure interventions to promote effective reminiscence.     

初中生控制知觉、应对方式及其关系的研究

使用儿童控制知觉多维度测查表和中学生应对方式量表对526名初中生进行问卷调查,考察初中生控制知觉、应对方式及其两者的关系,结果发现:(1)初中生控制知觉存在性别差异,男生的内部和他人控制水平均高于女生,控制知觉不存在年级差异。(2)初中生应对方式存在性别差异,女生的求助和发泄因子分均高于男生;应对方式不存在年级差异。(3)控制知觉的内部控制对问题指向应对具有显著正向预测作用,而他人控制和未知方控制则对问题指向应对具有显著负向预测作用;他人控制和未知方控制对情绪指向应对具有显著正向预测作用。     

From a Distance: A Grounded Theory Study of Separation Anxiety Among Filipino Incarcerated Elderly

Despite numerous studies that examined the impact of separation and separation anxiety on the emotions and behavior of young individuals, little is known about separation anxiety in the elderly population. This grounded theory study purports to describe the process of separation anxiety among incarcerated Filipino elderly men. Individual interviews and participant observations were conducted with 25 incarcerated elderly Filipino men who are first-time prisoners and sentenced to lifetime imprisonment. Following Strauss and Corbin's (1998) coding protocol, a four-part process emerged to describe the studied layer of human experience. The Tectonic Model of Separation Anxiety among incarcerated Filipino elderly men comprises four phases: Winkling, Wilting, Weeding, and Weaving. Findings of this study invite nurses and other clinicians to identify developmentally appropriate strategies and interventions for this vulnerable and neglected sector of society.     

When everything is under control: Chronicling the affective containment experiences of Filipino elderly in institutionalized settings

Affective Containment has been recognized as a means to manage negative experience by projecting emotions to others. To date, there are no known literatures on the process of affective containment in the elderly context; hence, this grounded theory investigation. This study aims to describe the process by which affective containment is experienced by a select group of institutionalized Filipino elderly. To achieve the overall intent of this study, Strauss and Corbin’s Grounded Theory design was employed. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were carried out among 20 institutionalized Filipino elderly. Field texts were subjected to thematic analysis involving open, axial, and selective coding. The overall validity of the findings was ensured through member checking procedure. An interesting set of phases emerged relative to the layer of experience, namely: Holding-up, Gearing-up, and Opening-up; collectively known as the 3-Stage Analogy of Elderly Affective Containment. Said model describes how emotions can be contained to other individuals through interactions inside the institution. The study has eidetically described and examined the process of affective containment among the institutionalized Filipino elderly. Findings of the study invite nurses to put premium to nurse–patient relationship and provide timely interventions with a view to improving emotional health.     

Who Says there is No Life After Abandonment? A Grounded Theory on the Coping of Abandoned Filipino Elderly in Nursing Homes

Cases of abandoned elderly are increasing worldwide. By and large, this group struggles with the sudden change in living arrangement as well as abandonment by their families. Consequently, many elderly are forced into living in nursing homes for the remainder of their lives. Abandonment among these elderly negatively affects how they view themselves, which is detrimental to their health and well-being. Thus, exploring the feelings of elderly regarding their abandonment and how they cope becomes a major concern in caring for them. Recognizing the dearth of literature, this grounded theory study purported to describe sthe process by which these elderly cope with abandonment. A total of 24 abandoned Filipino elderly respondents were purposively selected to take part in a semistructured in-depth interview. Following the Glaserian approach, a four-part process emerged to describe the layer of human experience under study. The R.O.P.E. to Cope Theory of Abandonment describes how the elderly progress from the resisting, occupying, pondering, and embracing phases toward successful coping. Understanding this process equips health care providers with knowledge of appropriate interventions in the provision of holistic care to the elderly. Ultimately, findings of this study will be helpful in assisting abandoned elderly individuals in their path to achieving an improved quality of life and a happier perspective on it.     

Relationships Between Ability and Coping in Competitive Female Gymnasts

Differences in the strategies used by gymnasts of different abilities to cope with performance difficulties were investigated using the Ways of Coping with Sport questionnaire. The sample of 83 adolescent females represented gymnasts at two levels of ability: those who had competed at international or national championships and those who had competed at only state or club championships. The coping processes reported most frequently by the total sample of gymnasts were Increased Effort and Resolve, Seeking Social Support, Wishful Thinking, and Problem‐Focused Coping. It was noteworthy that these were also the preferred coping strategies of female basketball players. Analysis of the data by discriminant function indicated that the gymnasts of higher ability were older, had been involved in gymnastics for a longer period and were more likely to use Detachment to cope with performance problems. Age and experience were more important predictors of ability than was coping style.     

专业硕士生生活事件与心理健康:消极应对的中介效应

为初步探讨专业学位硕士研究生生活事件与其心理健康（焦虑、抑郁）的关系以及应对方式在此过程中的中介作用,以309名湖北省某综合性大学在读专业硕士研究生（研一和研二）为对象,采用研究生生活事件量表、简易应对方式问卷、焦虑自评量表（SAS）以及抑郁自评量表（SDS）进行测试。结果表明,专业学位硕士研究生生活事件、应对方式与焦虑、抑郁状况之间相关性显著。其中,生活事件得分与消极应对呈显著正相关,焦虑和抑郁得分与生活事件得分也呈显著正相关。中介效应分析显示,消极应对在专业学位硕士研究生生活事件和心理健康（焦虑、抑郁）之间起到部分中介作用。     

Health-Seeking Preferences of Elderly Filipinos in the Community via Conjoint Analysis

Health-seeking encompasses the activities individuals perform in order to restore wellness when they perceive themselves as ill. Alarmingly, it is apparent that there is a decrease in frequency of health-seeking as one ages. While there have been numerous studies about elderly health-seeking behavior across the globe, the need to know about their preferences remains a research imperative, hence this conjoint analysis investigation. The objective of this study is to identify the health-seeking preferences of a select group of Filipino elderly in the community. To measure preferences for health-seeking, a conjoint analysis survey of 304 Filipino elderly aged 60 years and above was conducted from June to July 2012 using the balanced incomplete block design. Results indicate that the most important attribute in terms of health-seeking behavior is the physician's experience. Elderly clients tend to seek health care from expert private practitioners who provide full information regarding illness and charge professional fees of less than 500 pesos (8–9 British pounds or 12–13 U.S. dollars). Results suggest that there are factors that may impede or promote health care seeking in elderly clients, of which physicians’ experience is deemed most important. These preferences, if integrated into the current practice, can help health care practitioners in improving the quality of care provided.     

自我肯定与高职学生生命质量：领悟社会支持和应对方式的中介作用

目的:探讨领悟社会支持和应对方式在自我肯定与生命质量之间的作用机制。方法:采用一般健康问卷、领悟社会支持量表、特质应对方式问卷、TDL生命质量测定表对319名高职学生进行调查。结论:高职学生的自我肯定、领悟社会支持和积极应对与生命质量显著正相关,消极应对与生命质量显著负相关;领悟社会支持和积极应对、消极应对在自我肯定与生命质量之间起链式中介作用。     

From Memories to Diaries: A Portrait of Hope Captured from the Lens of a Nurse Educator as a Breast Cancer Patient

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women worldwide. While it is true that hope influences how these victims view and live their lives, little is known as to how hope is lived and experienced by a breast cancer patient whose professional background and practice is nursing. This narrative–interpretive study purports to create a portrait of a nurse educator whose hope becomes her language of meaning-making. A Filipino nurse educator suffering from breast cancer was used as the subject of this study. Constituting the study's corpus of data is a series of diaries which were religiously written for a period of six months (November 2007–April 2008). Three interesting themes that elucidate the portrait of hope as embodied in the subject's diaries include (a) Stop: Searching for Meaning; (b) Look: Standing through Meaning; and (c) Listen: Sailing through Meaning. Notably, hope serving as a universal human experience is a powerful gift that enables an individual to see meaning amidst painful conditions, stand firmly despite adversities, and live by faith to continue life's journey.     

Oral traditions: An aid to implementation of mother tongue-based multilingual education in the Philippines’ basic education programme

English and Filipino (Tagalog) are the official languages of the Philippines. English is taught in schools and used as a medium of instruction as early as kindergarten. Because it was originally imposed by Western colonialism, its use in academia has been criticised as discriminatory to regional and indigenous languages other than Tagalog, which are not generally used in higher education and have therefore not been allowed to develop as academic languages. In 2012, the Filipino Department of Education issued Order No. 16, series of 2012, also known as the mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB-MLE) order. Following its recent adoption in public schools, the MTB-MLE policy has already run into some difficulties that challenge its output. Among these is a lack of instructional materials, as most available textbooks are written in English or Filipino. This article explores the potential of oral traditions as instructional tools in basic education. There have been extensive efforts by folklorists to collect, record and publish folk epics, myths, legends and tales. An essential aspect of this research is the recording and publication of materials in the original versions or languages used by native informants from indigenous communities. For the past ten years, the author has conducted field research with indigenous communities in the southern regions of Mindanao. This has yielded a collection of folk literature recorded in the languages of the indigenous communities studied. This collection has been translated into Bisaya, one of the major regional languages of the Philippines, and into English. These texts have considerable potential as classroom learning materials. The publication of these indigenous literature texts makes knowledge of indigenous language and culture available to basic education learners, as well as to the general public. The publication of mother tongue reading materials will also help promote knowledge of, appreciation for, and proficiency in the use of these languages.     

Filipino teachers’ experiences of supportive relationships with colleagues: A narrative-biographical inquiry

The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore teachers’ experiences of supportive relationships with colleagues. A total of fifty (50) public and private elementary and secondary school teachers in the central part of the Philippines were purposively selected as respondents. Guided by a narrative-biographical interview, results of the study yielded four significant themes that describe how Filipino teachers as relational people experience and interpret supportive relationships in the school setting. These include: supportive relationships as (1) a life-giving force; (2) an extension of one’s family; (3) a reciprocal process; and (4) a work still in progress. This paper is a segment of her dissertation entitled: Evolving a Continuum of Filipino Teachers’ Worldview of Pedagogy based on the Narrative-Biographical and Micro-Political Perspectives.     

The Success and Struggles of Filipino Geriatric Nurses in Nursing Homes

Geriatric nursing is a physically and emotionally demanding job in healthcare. It is a neglected field despite the growing population of the elderly, and the experiences of geriatric nurses are one of the unrecognized aspects of this field. This qualitative study purports to explore the successes and struggles of the lived experiences of a select group of Filipino geriatric nurses working in nursing homes. A total of five registered nurses selected from Philippine geriatric homes were the subjects of this qualitative study. Data were gathered from a two-part instrument: namely, a researcher-made robotfoto and a semistructured interview. Through the use of a repertory grid involving both cool and warm analyses, field texts were phenomenologically reduced in order to establish distinct conceptual clusters.

Summarily, two roles were found to be the defining elements of Filipino geriatric care nurses' sense of success and fulfillment. These include the instrumental and developmental, which describe the nurses' appreciation of their unique place in the lives of their elderly patients and, at the same time, their experiences of personal and professional growth and expansion as nurses. In regard to their struggles, the contextual conditions in the workplace typify the roadblocks of their efficient and effective delivery of quality healthcare services.