DEVELOPING AND EVALUATING AN INTERDISCIPLINARY CLINICAL TEAM TRAINING PROGRAM: LESSONS TAUGHT AND LESSONS LEARNED

The training of clinicians in working together as an interdisciplinary team has received growing support in geriatrics. Most teamwork training programs have focused on group process and development as the core competencies of team practice necessary to improve levels of team functioning. The experience of the Rhode Island Geriatric Education Center (RIGEC) in developing and implementing an ongoing teamwork training program, including the training of several geriatric teams from a variety of health care settings, suggests that additional objectives should include the empowerment of teams for advocacy in rapidly changing health care settings increasingly shaped by economic forces. The lessons learned by RIGEC for the development and implementation of teamwork training include the importance of defining team membership, dealing with the shifting shoals of the health care system, understanding individuals and systems under stress, and redefining the objectives of teamwork training.     

SERVICE-LEARNING EDUCATION IN COMMUNITY-ACADEMIC PARTNERSHIPS: IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY GERIATRIC TRAINING IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS

Major changes are taking place within the health care system that have important implications for health professions education in geriatrics. The forces driving these changes are also affecting academic settings, where trends supporting the development of community-academic partnerships, service-learning models, and interdisciplinary education are all evident. These trends have major implications for health professions educators working to develop academic programs to prepare students for future practice with older adults. This article explores the impacts of these changes, in particular, on the design of interdisciplinary or collaborative education programming, including the following dimensions: assessment and definition of the problem, emphasis on functioning and quality of life, professional identity, changing roles of faculty and students, and institutional-organizational implications. General recommendations on how to respond to the challenges represented in these trends are also explored.     

DEVELOPING AND USING INTERDISCIPLINARY CASE STUDIES IN TEACHING GERIATRICS TO PRACTICING HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS

Continuing education programs for health care professionals who practice in geriatrics are an important part of improving the health care provided to older adults. Programs utilizing active forms of learning that mimic the clinical environment are more successful at changing the behavior of health care professionals than traditional didactic styles of teaching. Problem-based learning methods allow learners to identify their own areas of strength and weakness and to work toward improvement in a manner best suited to their needs. This article describes an interdisciplinary team of educator-clinicians in geriatrics who developed clinical case studies embodying these approaches as one method of improving the learning process for adult health care providers. An actual sample case study is presented as an illustration of the principles embodied in this process. Lessons learned from the development and use of these case studies are summarized in the context of improving the quality of continuing education programs for health care professionals in geriatric practice.     

IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH IN GERONTOLOGY FOR EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN GERIATRICS

Geriatrics, a new medical specialty, is closely linked with scientific research in experimental gerontology, the biology of aging, and social gerontology and gerohygiene. The importance of using gerontological research data and data on relationships between the aged, family, and society is discussed. Emphasis is placed on (1) the development of diseases of the aged, (2) the significance of genetic factors on aging, (3) the relationship between chronological and biological age, and (4) the importance of physiological reactions in the aged to various types of treatment. The significance of international cooperation in the improvement of education and training of medical personnel in geriatrics is also stressed.     

FROM DOUBLE JEOPARDY TO DOUBLE INDEMNITY: SUBTLETIES OF TEACHING INTERDISCIPLINARY GERIATRICS

Each of the fields of geriatrics and interdisciplinary practice intensifies the usefulness and effectiveness of the other. Combining geriatrics and interdisciplinary practice also magnifies the complexity of two singularly complex fields. However, the subtle reasons for their complexity may escape the understanding of clinicians, educators, policy makers, and administrators. Attempting to treat older patients who have complex problems while ignoring common principles of geriatrics and teamwork can cause a kind of double jeopardy. It can potentially harm the patient and decrease the provider's sense of mastery. Training either students or health care providers to appreciate the interactions and the complexities of these two fields could produce a double indemnity for the health care system and for older persons who need health care. It requires recognizing subtle factors like the barrier of presumed knowledge, the interpretation of the meaning of function, frailty, the lure of medical technology, professional hierarchies, diverse views of disease, and the myth of insufficient evidence.     

TEACHING FOR BELIEF: POWER AND PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE

The politics of pedology when teaching for belief in culturally diverse settings inevitably draws attention to the power dynamics in the encounters of teachers and students. The quest for a pedagogy that is not oppressive or coercive provides the impetus to a liberative proposal for teaching practice.     

EVALUATING TEACHING AND ASSESSING TEACHERS IN UNIVERSITIES

The evaluation of teaching and the assessment of teachers are similar activities with very different aims. Both are feasible, once we abandon the idea that they have to be based on explicit criteria of good teaching. This point is argued both on the basis of experience with established practice in higher education and through a comparison with similar practices in other professions. The latter leads to the construction of a model which uses students, peers, self and superiors in a way that allows an active role to the person assessed. Finally, attention is drawn to the need for an educational development unit to provide training, help and counselling as an adjunct to assessment.     

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN GERONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH: IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH TRAINING

The recent and continuing evolution of computer technology promises to have a substantial impact upon the field of gerontology. This paper reviews the potential applications for computer methods in geronto‐logical research. Some types of research in gerontology are already dependent upon computerization, but it is highly probable that many types of research endeavors not currently employing computer methods will do so in the near future. The paper develops the rationale for this argument and then considers the issue of how graduate curricula for training research gerontologists might be revised to incorporate training of computer methods on a more systematic and detailed basis. Useful principles for these curriculum modifications are illustrated by proposing changes in the author's graduate training program. The basis of the proposed changes is the development of a microcomputer laboratory specifically dedicated to research training.     

CRISIS PREPAREDNESS IN SCHOOLS: EVALUATING STAFF PERSPECTIVES AND PROVIDING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR BEST PRACTICE

The current study investigated the content of school crisis plans and perceptions of crisis preparedness among school staff in six public elementary schools. Surveys were administered to 72 teachers, administrators, and other school staff members measuring their perceptions of crisis preparedness and performance of activities related to crisis response (i.e., trainings, familiarity with crisis plans, etc.). Respondents indicated positive perceptions of preparedness for the occurrence of a crisis at each of their schools; however, they reported lower participation in preparedness activities and provided inconsistent answers on response procedures. Regression analyses found that reading the crisis plan was a significant predictor of feelings of preparedness for fire, death, suicide, and extreme weather events. Researchers additionally found that school crisis plans lacked many of the components recommended by best practice. These findings and implications for educators are discussed.     

基于PDCA理论的《程序设计基础》实践教学的探索和实践

《程序设计基础》是计算机科学与技术、网络工程、物联网工程专业的一门专业基础课程,是培养学生程序设计基本方法和技能的一门课程,在专业人才培养方案中占有极其重要的地位,其教学质量的好坏直接影响学生对专业的兴趣和后续专业课程的学习.为达到地方高校应用型人才的培养目标,在分析实践教学过程中存在的主要问题的基础上,将PDCA循环理论应用于本课程的实践教学过程中,锻炼和提高了学生自主学习的能力、团队协作的能力和创新能力.两年的教学改革实践和教学结果表明,该教学方式在应用型人才培养上取得了良好的教学效果,也为今后程序设计等软件开发类课程的教学提供了一种可以借鉴的参考.     

UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT PREFERENCES FOR GRADUATE TRAINING IN PSYCHOLOGY: IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY

There continues to be a critical shortage of school psychologist practitioners and academicians. Undergraduate students in psychology, education, and other majors (N = 674) from a large comprehensive university in the southwest completed an examiner‐made web‐based questionnaire designed to assess their attitudes and preferences for choosing graduate training in psychology. There were differences among the participants on Interest in Graduate School, Child Interests, Attitude toward Research, and Exposure to School Psychology. Psychology majors were more interested in graduate school than all other majors in the sample and were more interested in research than “other” majors. Psychology majors reported significantly less exposure to school psychology than “other” majors. Examination of the endorsement patterns of the participants indicated the following. Generally, misconceptions about school psychology were not endorsed at high levels. Sixty seven percent of the sample indicated they would attend graduate school. And 77% of the participants also endorsed items indicating they had interests in focusing on children and child related problems. The participants did specify there were some geographic restraints related to choice of graduate school. Fifty to 60% of the participants agreed they had personal qualifications which would make them highly competitive for graduate school admission. Implications for school psychology recruitment are offered.     

PERSONALISED LEARNING: AMBIGUITIES IN THEORY AND PRACTICE

Abstract:  This paper traces the origins of the concept of personalisation in public sector services, and applies it to school education. The original conceptualisation stressed the need for 'deep' rather than shallow, personalisation, if radical transformation of services were to be achieved. It is argued that as the concept has been disseminated and implemented through policy documents, notably the 2005 White Paper, it has lost its original emphasis on deep personalisation. The focus in this article is particularly upon gifted and talented students whose education provides the best case example of how the theory of personalisation might work in practice. Two examples of the lessons in a sixth form college are used to illustrate the character of personalised pedagogy in practice. The implications for theory and practice are discussed.     

“语言能力”与“语言运用”的区别及其对外语教学的启示

语言是交际的工具。人们掌握语言的根本目的是交际。本文列举了乔姆斯基和海姆斯对语言能力和语言运用所下的定义 ,并分析了“语言能力”与“语言运用”的区别及其对外语教学的启示 ,以期对当前的外语教学提供一点帮助     

信息与计算科学专业《数学分析》课程的教学改革与实践

在分析<数学分析>课程特点和信息与计算科学专业需要的基础上,围绕素质教育的要求,给出了对信息与计算科学专业<数学分析>课程教学改革的一些体会,提出了一些建议.     

语用学对外语教学的启示

本文结合外语教学就语用的正确与得体、语用知识与语言知识以及语用能力进行分析和论述 ,阐明语用学对外语教学的启示。强调外语教学既要培养学生的语言能力 ,又要培养语用能力。同时 ,让学生了解中西文化差异及交际准则差异 ,尽量少犯语用错误 ,避免语言表达不得体或交际失误