An Evaluation on Coursebook (Cambridge English for the Media):A Case Study

Coursebook is an essential part in English language teaching. Evaluating a coursebook is very helpful task for teachers’ development. This paper reviews three methods of evaluating coursebook, which are the impressionistic method, the checklist method, and the in-depth method. Then the author adopts the hybrid of these three methods mentioned to evaluate a coursebook - Cambridge English for the Media - used by some Chinese students in a one-year exchange programme in UK. Questionnaire and semi- structured interviews are carried out with the students to get their views about the coursebook. At the end, this paper compares teacher’s view with the learners’based on the data from the questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The results of this study show that there are conflicts between the teacher’s views and the students’on the coursebook.     

A Specification—Based Case Study from Test Class Framework

Testing is a standard method for verification of software performance.Producing efficinet and appropriate test case is an important aspect in testing.Specification-based testing presents a method to derive test data from software specification.Because of the precision and concision of specification.the test data derived from specification can test the software efficiently and entirely.This paper demonstrates a test class framework(TCF) on a file reading case study,specifiec using Z notation,This class framework defines test case sets,providing structure to the testing process.Flexbility is preserved so that many testing strategies can be used.     

Predicting the fault-proneness of class hierarchy in object-oriented software using a layered kernel

A novel kernel learning method for object-oriented （00） software fault prediction is proposed in this paper. With this method, each set of classes that has inheritance relation named class hierarchy, is treated as an elemental software model. A layered kernel is introduced to handle the tree data structure corresponding to the class hierarchy models. This method was vali- dated using both an artificial dataset and a case of industrial software from the optical communication field. Preliminary experi- ments showed that our approach is very effective in learning structured data and outperforms the traditional support vector learning methods in accurately and correctly predicting the fault-prone class hierarchy model in real-life OO software.     

Computed tomography using level set method and algebraic reconstruction technique

In this paper, a novel reconstruction technique based on level set method and algebraic reconstruction technique is proposed for multiphase flow computed tomography (CT) system. The curvature-driven noise reduction method is inserted into the conventional iteration procedure of algebraic reconstruction technique to improve the image quality and convergence speed with limited projection data. By evolving the image as a set of iso-intensity contours after each updation, the sufficient number of iterations for acceptable results is reduced by 80%-90%, while the image quality is enhanced obviously. Quantitative evaluation of image quality is given by using both relative image error and correlation coefficient. The resultant images can be utilized to detect flow regimes for monitoring industrial multiphase flow. Laboratory results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. Phantoms of four typical flow regimes can be reconstructed from few-view projection data efficiently, and the corresponding image errors and correlation coefficients are acceptable for the cases tested in this paper.     

Adapting property path for polynomial-time evaluation and reasoning on semantic web

Property path is the latest navigational extension of the standard query language SPARQL 1.1 for the Semantic Web.However,in the existing SPARQL query systems which support property path,the query efficiency is very low and does not support reasoning.This paper proposes a new existential semantics which has polynomial-time evaluation complexity and an equivalent relationship with the current semantics,and transforms the property path expressions to the extended nested regular expressions based on the existential semantics and proves the semantic equivalence after the transformation considering the RDFS semantics.The property path query engine is achieved by implementing the nested regular expressions algorithm and the transformation rules from the property path expressions to the nested regular expressions,which maintains the syntax simplicity of property path and the goal-oriented polynomial-time reasoning to avoid computing the RDF graph closure.The experiment results not only show the characteristics of query engine based on the existential semantics in efficiency and reasoning,but also further validate the equivalence between the results based on current semantics and those based on the existential semantics for property path after the removal of duplicate values.     

Product Modeling Based on Knowledge Fusion in Virtual Environment

Following researches on the knowledge-based product design, product modeling based on knowledge fusion is studied in a virtual environment. Knowledge fusion is the energy sources of product innovation designs. Because a knowledge representation method is the main content of knowledge fusion, production rule way, semantic network, predicate, object-oriented and case-based representations are discussed. Using agents with object-oriented method, the knowledge can be represented as a set. The product knowledge set is divided into two subset: text knowledge and knowledge of engineering graphics that is a different form. Manipulation of the subset knowledge and fusion method is described. The paper also describes a six-tuple function in an agent data structure. A virtual environment computation model is proposed, and a practical example given.     

Application of time-temperature superposition method in thermal aging life prediction of shipboard cables

The life of shipboard cables will decrease due to the complex aging processes. In terms of the safety perspective, remaining life prediction of the cable is essential to maintain a reliable operation. In this paper, firstly, based on Arrhenius equation, residual life of new styrene-butadiene cable is calculated; result indicates that the degradation rate which changes with time is proportional to thermal temperature. Then second order dynamic model is adopted into the residual life prediction, combined with the time-temperature superposition method （TTSP）, and a new residual life model is proposed. According to the accelerated thermal aging experiment data and Arrhenius equation, TTSP method demonstrates to be an efficient way for life prediction, and life at normal temperature can be estimated by this model. In order to monitor the state of styrene-butadiene cable more accurately, an improved residual life model based on equivalent environment temperature of cable is proposed, and life of cable under real operation is analyzed. Result indicates that this model is credible and reliable, and it provides an important theoretical base for residual life of cables.     

The Effect of Culture Integrated Language Courses on Foreign Language Education

When examined carefully, it is seen that there is not an available and detailed cttrriculum designed for the aim of foreign language teaching with integrated cultural items of the target language in the programs of the schools under authority of the Ministry of Education and Turkish higher education institutions. In recent years, the specialists have an agreement on the issue that foreign language instruction should be carried out by the means of target language＇s history, literature, geography and also its social characteristics. The idiom ＂it＇s raining cats and dogs＂ can be misinterpreted by a Turkish student without the knowledge of this idiom＇s story in English history as ＂Cats and dogs are pouring down from the sky＂. An important French architectural building ＂Saint Mary Cathedral, Notre Dame de Paris＂ can be misunderstood as ＂Our Parisian Woman＂ by a student who is unfamiliar with French culture. Both examples show that encountered foreign words and phrases can be misunderstood and mostly these words are perceived and interpreted according to learners＇ own cultural figures. The aims of this study are to show the significance of culture-based foreign language courses and to make a contribution to the literature by regarding the views of researchers beheving that culture and language are inseparable concepts. In this context, Erzincan University French Language Teaching Department students＇ opinions on the relation between culture and language learning were received with the application of qualitative structured written response method. Then, document analysis of written comments was evaluated. Consequently, the analysis on the participants＇ written comments showed that a culture integrated foreign language course can make positive contributions to students＇ learning, language learning process and learning environment.     

Appreciation of Hardy＇s poem ＂Neutral Tones＂ from the point of view of functional analysis

According to the theory of Systemic-Functional Linguistics （SFL）, language cannot be disassociated from meaning. Function and semantics, as SFL suggests, are considered as the basis of human language and communicative activity. In order to reveal the inseparability of language and semantic, this paper aims to analyze and appreciate Hardy＇s poem ＂Neutral Tones＂ as a piece of literary work based on the theory of functional analysis specifically on field, tenor and mode.     

汉越述宾结构对比研究

述宾结构是汉语作为SVO语言中十分重要的语法结构之一,汉语句法关系的许多特点,在述宾结构中都有反映。其变化丰富复杂,在句法中占有重要的地位。越语也属于SVO型语言,但两种语言中的述宾结构及其特点等有同有异,包括两国的语言学家对动词加宾语这一结构的理解和划分也不尽相同。本文从述宾结构的句型结构、语义、韵律、跨度等几个方面进行探讨,希望通过对两种语言述宾结构的分析,能够进一步发掘汉语句法关系的特点。     

中古汉语的描写型存在句

描写型存在句属于汉语的主流型存在句之一，东汉至隋是此类句的大发展时期。行为动词中介存在句和主谓谓语型存在句在语义类型、结构类型方面具有这一时期的时代特色，其演变轨迹恰与学界确认的中古汉语的历史跨度相吻合。对此项断代研究既可为相关的通史研究奠基，亦可为汉语的历史分期提供一个具体的佐证。     

汉语易序现象的语用分析

汉语是一种缺乏严格意义的形态变化的语言，因而语序是一种非常重要的语法手段。汉语语序一般都比较固定，但有时候，句子的语序会发生改变，我们称之为易序现象。汉语里有很多易序现象，不但口语，而且书面语中也存在很多易序句。本文将从语用角度对主谓易序、动宾易序、状语中心语易序、定语中心语易序、动补易序等几种现象展开论述。     

OOZS: an Object-Oriented Structured Formal Specification Language

lintroductionTileproblemsraisedinthedevelopmentandmaintenanceoflargeandcomplexsoftwaresystemsinacompetitiveanddynamicenvironmenthavebeenstudiedfi.omvariousperspectives.Theterm'softwarecrisis'describesthisproblemandmanyeffoltshavebeenmadetoovercomeit.Reusa…     

现代汉语谓词的语意句法功能及谓词分类系统(下)

2．现代汉语谓词按基干句模来划分小类 一个事件中，中枢事元谓词及其特有周边事元的有序排列构成基干句模。按中枢事元的语意特点及周边事元的数量和语义角色的不同，现代汉语的8000谓词可细分为如下系统：     

从前景化理论看相同框架下谓词的选择

从认知的角度出发,认为句法结构中谓词的选择是由人们观察、感知和理解事态的不同视角决定的,是关注的视角中心确定后用来连接参与者的特定方式。突出的参与对象使句子的前景化发生变化,谓词的选择随之发生变化,因此,句子中谓词的选择是前景化作用的结果。     

谈汉语里非动词谓语句及其英译

汉语中，尤其是古汉语和口语中，存在着大量的非动词谓语句。除了动词以外，形容词、名词、数量词和象声词都可以充当谓语，这类句子称为非动词谓语句。将其翻译成相应的英语时，其中的谓语动词必不可少，这与汉语的隐性特征和英语的显性特征是一致的。     

试析名词谓语句的特点

名词谓语句在现代汉语中是一种常见的句型,尽管所占比例不大,但它却能很好地体现汉语词类与句法成分之间并非简单的一一对应的特点,它是现代汉语句型体系的一个重要组成部分。与其它主谓句相比,名词谓语句在句法和语义等方面有着许多特点。     

形·名组合的句法限制及表达功能

沈家煊（1997）从句法功能的标记模式出发，指出性质形容词作谓语和状态形容词作定语是有标记的。文章从意义制约和表达功能的角度，考察了形容词与名词组合时的具体表现，也得出了类似的结论，即：若是定中式，状态形容词受到的语义限制更多，且该结构在表达功能上得到凸现；若为主谓式，则性质形容词受到的语义限制更多，该结构在表达功能上也被凸现。反之则反。这些现象在很大程度上反映了句法、语义和语用三者之间的密切关系。     

拟象性理论与含时量补语的两种句型

语言符号具有拟象性。汉语时量补语在谓宾结构中的位置形式有“V＋O＋时量补语（＋了）”和“V（＋了）＋时量补语＋O”两种,这是由于谓宾结构所表示的动作的性质有两种,一种是瞬时性动作,一种是持续性动作。性质为持续性动作的谓宾结构中若加入时量补语,其结构为“V（＋了）＋时量补语＋O”,即时量处在谓语动词和宾语之间,拟象于时量处在动作开始点和动作结束点之间;性质为瞬时性动作的谓宾结构中若加入时量补语,其结构形式为“V＋O＋时量补语（＋了）”,即时量处在整个谓宾之后,拟象于时量处在动作发生后。这两种结构形式的语法特点也有同有异。