论教师劳动的内在回报

教师劳动有外在回报和内在回报。外在回报主要是经济、荣誉、权利、时间等的回报,内在回报是教师在教育过程中发挥主体性,努力创造而生成的非功利、甚至是超功利的回报,具有多方面的教育价值。真正的教师不是仅为取得外在回报以维持生计而去工作,努力创造和享受内在回报比维持生计更可贵。而创造和享受内在回报既需要教师主体的修养,也需要外在条件的支持。     

伙伴互助式小组心理辅导的探索

小学中高年级学生处在注重朋辈交往阶段,他们的思想和行为易受同伴影响。教师可以组织伙伴互助式小组心理辅导,在争取外在支持系统支持的基础上,引导伙伴间相互沟通交流、相互鼓励支持、相互提醒和促进改变。     

论教师劳动的内在回报

教师劳动有外在回报和内在回报。外在回报主要是经济、荣誉、权利、时间等的回报，内在回报是教师在教育过程中发挥主体性，努力创造而生成的非功利、甚至是超功利的回报，具有多方面的教育价值。真正的教师不是仅为取得外在回报以维持生计而去工作，努力创造和享受内在回报比维持生计更可贵。而创造和享受内在回报既需要教师主体的修养，也需要外在条件的支持。     

小学科学教师专业素养内涵及提升策略的探讨

小学科学教师专业素养的提升是一项复杂、长期、艰巨的系统工作,以教师专业化为改革取向,比照教师专业基准的要求,从明晰科学教师专业素养内涵的前提出发,倡导教师的内在改变与外在支持的有机结合的策略举措,探寻促进小学科学教师专业素养提升的可行性与有效性。     

论自我导向学习与教师专业发展

教师专业发展是教师自觉成长、自我学习的过程。作为一种追求自我成长的学习型态,自我导向学习由于自身的自主性、反思性和超越性本质,隐含着教师专业发展的内在要求,具体表现在三个方面：体现教师在专业发展过程中的自主权;凸显实现教师专业发展的“反思”途径;反映教师通向专业发展的生成历程。而教师的内在改变和外在支持是实现教师自我导向学习的有效途径。     

我愿做学生＂隐形的翅膀＂

学生的学习过程伴随着无数的奋斗和困惑，他们需要内在和外在的各方面力量的支持。教师便是最主要的外在力量之一。     

构建深度课堂 启迪学生智慧

回顾几年来新课程改革走过的历程,我们的教师和学生的确在课堂中共享过快乐和幸福.但随着课程改革的不断深入,我们有了冷静的思考,理性客观地进行反思.如今许多数学课堂教学只注重外在的形式,不注重课堂内在的"深度",外在的秀覆盖了内在的美,出现了与新课程     

香港学校改进的个案分析:教师改变,从“心”开始

以参与由香港中文大学优质学校改进计划的一所中学为个案,分析教师在学校改进中发生改变的路径。认为教师是学校改进中关键的、能动的内在变革者,教师改变的关键是心与信念的改变;大学成员是学校改进的重要外在促进者,学校领导及教师团队则是学校改进强有力的内在支持者。     

探讨结合内外动机原理下英语专业综合英语课程的教学模式

整体说来,英语专业学生学习英语学得很辛苦且成效不大。综合英语课程上,传统词汇学习乖语法条目过多讲解混淆了语言学习的主要目的,打击了学生学习兴趣。利用内在和外在动机原理激发学生长期的学习兴趣,切实的提高学习的效率是论文核心问题。作者从教师与学生角色定位的改变以及综合英语课程中听说读写四项课型的编排和设计两方面提出：保护学生的学习信心,增强自我认同感,使学生有要求自我决定的内在需要与此同事教师的肯定、支持和鼓励等的外在因素,能够不断地强化学生学习的内在动机,从而提高学习兴趣和教与学的效率。     

教师态度对学生学习投入的影响研究

学习投入是衡量学校教育质量与学生发展状况的重要指标。教师态度是影响学习投入的关键因素之一。教师态度分为教师支持和教师认同,教师支持对学生的行为、情感和认知投入都会产生不同程度的影响,教师的支持不仅包括对学生内在心理的支持,也包括对其学习所需要的外在环境的支持。     

论教师权威的现代转型

教师权威是保持教育教学秩序 ,完成教育教学任务的必要条件。以往的教育教学大多是在“外在依附”的先验教师权威下进行的 ,使生机昂然的教育教学活动蜕化为僵化、机械的过程 ,抑制了教师、学生的创新精神及其独立人格的生成。现代教育越来越需要教师权威由“外在依附”转化为“内在生成”,这是时代发展和教育改革的需要 ,也是教师、学生独立人格和创新精神生成的需要     

Reflective Reform in Mathematics: The Recursive Nature of Teacher Change

Historically, teachers have been criticized for verbalizing innovations while not acting on them. This study suggests that something more involved and complex may be happening as teachers move toward change. The study examined teachers' inner reflections and exterior manifestations as they participated in a mathematics reform effort. The article describes the analysis of three elementary mathematics teachers as they struggled with issues of reform and traditional teaching in relation to personal values and beliefs. Methods included observation, reflective dialogue, and group processes that took place over the course of a whole school year. Through careful analysis of the data, models evolved that describe how the participants mentally and experientially moved toward belief change. Intermediary steps included the teachers' use of visual images, verbalization, and experimentation. Findings revealed that the teachers devised personal, complex, internal and external feedback networks that integrated changes over time. Implications for future research are discussed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Perspectives on the training of school governing bodies: towards an effective and efficient financial management system

Abstract

The argument of this paper is that the use of distance education methods is essential for the provision of all teacher education in South Africa – not just an option for a few programmes in one or two institutions. For this reason, the challenges of distance teacher education are the major challenges for achieving the goal set out in the National Policy Framework for Teacher Education and Development: ‘more teachers, better teachers’. Challenges include increasing the flexibility and location of current teacher education programmes in order to attract and support a more diverse teacher target audience, designing courses to nurture dialogue and integrate learner support, and moving beyond surface change in response to criticism. Finally, although external quality assurance processes are critical in creating a shared understanding of quality standards and the need for change, quality assessment needs to be followed up with support.     

Teacher perceptions of professional development needs and the implementation of the K-6 science and technology syllabus

This study examines teacher perceptions regarding professional development practices used in a region of the NSW Department of School Education to support the implementation of the K-6 Science and Technology Syllabus. The findings from a survey of 97 teachers indicate that teachers have a preference for ‘traditional’ models of in-service which may not bring about significant changes. Teachers also perceive that change is brought about through the influence of external factors such as in-service and resources which are not directly the responsibillity of individual teachers. This contrasts with the perception that the inability to change is due to internal personal qualities. Specializations; K-6 teacher education in science and technology education, children's learning in science and technology.     

论课程改革中的教师改变

教师改变与课程改革密切相关,是课程改革取得成功的内在动力。然而,教师对课程改革会表现出抵制和自愿改变两种倾向,这使教师改变具有了悖论性质。就其内涵而言,教师改变是一个多维度、多阶段过程,并且各维度之间存在着复杂的相互作用。在课程实施中,既要妥善管理实施的“步伐”,处理好教师渐进性改变和根本性改变的关系,又要从专业、资源、制度和文化入手为教师提供必要的支持,引领教师改变的方向。     

School Teachers’ Experiences of Science Curriculum Reform

We examine teachers’ experiences of a major reform of the school science curriculum for 14–16-year olds in England. This statutory reform enhances the range of available science courses and emphasises the teaching of socio-scientific issues and the nature of science, alongside the teaching of canonical science knowledge. This paper examines teachers’ experiences of the reform and the factors that condition these experiences. A designed sample of 22 teachers discussed their experiences of the reform within a semi-structured interview. Our analysis considers how the external and internal structures within which teachers work interact with the personal characteristics of teachers to condition their experiences of the curriculum reform. In many cases, personal/internal/external contexts of teachers’ work align, resulting in an overall working context that is supportive of teacher change. However, in other cases, tensions within these contexts result in barriers to change. We also explore cases in which external curriculum reform has stimulated the development of new contexts for teachers’ work. We argue that curriculum reformers need to recognise the inevitability of multiple teaching goals within a highly differentiated department and school workplace. We also show how experiences of curriculum reform can extend beyond the learning of new knowledge and associated pedagogies to involve challenges to teachers’ professional identities. We argue for the extended use of teacher role models within local communities of practice to support such ‘identity work’.     

乡村教师专业发展的支持体系建设

乡村教师专业发展的支持体系建设是一项影响教师教育振兴行动计划实施和乡村教师专业发展质量的系统工程。乡村教师专业发展支持体系建设过程既要体现支持体系的保障性、学习性、激励性和专业性的特点,也要实现内外支持各因素之间的相互融合,用政策与合作机制融通各层级人员之间的协作关系,通过学习支持环境建设孕育学习磁场,不断优化和创新专业性支持的途径和方法,把可持续的外部支持力量与乡村教师专业发展的自觉性、主动性和创新性融合起来,最终实现支持体系建设"外塑-外生"和"内塑-内生"的有机结合。     

How an orientation to learning influences the expansive–restrictive nature of teacher learning and change

This study examined teachers’ learning situated in a school to reveal factors that support and hinder learning in the workplace. The investigation analyzed teachers’ orientation to learning, examining beliefs, practices, and experiences about teachers’ learning in relation to change in the workplace. A hypothesis is that teacher learning and change is complex and unable to be fully understood outside of practice. Evidence is provided on the factors and forms of learning activities that appear to strengthen an expansive learning environment and those which contribute to a more restrictive learning environment. A distinctive finding was that teachers’ orientation to learning is related to self-reported change. Another promising finding with the potential of better understanding the interrelated combination of how teachers’ beliefs, practices, and workplace factors influence change was related to dissonance for learning. The implications for practice involved determining how to continue to support and strengthen an expansive workplace learning environment.     

浅析高职院校设置对外汉语专业的可行性

当前对外汉语专业已是国家重点支持专业,目前开设有此专业的仅有本科层次的部分高校,高等职业院校的该专业开设仍是空白。初级对外汉语师资的培养尚处于尝试阶段,而对外汉语教师的培养需求本身具有明显的层次性,这种状况以培养具有较强实践能力的应用型专门人才为目的高职院校设立对外汉语专业提供契机。     

Mathematics teaching life histories in the study of teachers’ perceptions of change

The aim of this paper is to discuss teachers’ perceptions of change in their thought and/or practice over time and their perceptions of what kind of experiences or challenges might have influenced those changes. Two mathematics teaching life histories of Brazilian teachers are examined, considering a context of curriculum development in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Reflection on teachers’ thought and practice and interest in their own development, including interest in their own learning of mathematics, seemed to be the most important internal aspects influencing change and development. Close support seemed to be the most important external aspect. The retrospective analysis put a good face on personal change and development.