普通话水平测试培训课程评价体系研究述评

“以测促训、以训保测”作为普通话水平测试工作的基本原则,多年来坚持不够好,存在明显的重测试轻培训现象。通过文献分析,梳理剖析了普通话水平测试培训课程评价理论研究和工作实践的大致情况,找出了问题与不足,并对其研究价值与意义作出估价。     

普通话水平测试培训课程评价体系研究述评

"以测促训、以训保测"作为普通话水平测试工作的基本原则,多年来坚持不够好,存在明显的重测试轻培训现象。通过文献分析,梳理剖析了普通话水平测试培训课程评价理论研究和工作实践的大致情况,找出了问题与不足,并对其研究价值与意义作出估价。     

中国的产训结合

产训结合的基本概况 产训结合被定义为培训教育部门和生产部门合作实施职业培训,将教学与生产结合,在生产有价值的产品的同时对受训者进行培训。也就是指将培训与生产相结合,生产出的产品能够参与市场竞争,并将所得利润用于培训以弥补培训资金短缺,以带动、促进培训事业的发展。     

适度“以赛促训”可行

近日,笔者拜读了《中国教育报》2009年1月20日第7版《如此“以赛促训”未必是上策》一文,感受颇多。作者坦言,当下许多学校教师培训方法不对头、效果不理想,很多做法需要改进,但有关部门想用“以赛促训”来改变当下培训状况,并非上策。该文希望,培训组织者能够换位思考,多理解教师,促使教师培训从“任务驱动式培训”走向“内在需求式培训”。     

适度"以赛促训"可行

近日,笔者拜读了<中国教育报>2009年1月20日第7版<如此"以赛促训"未必是上策>一文,感受颇多.作者坦言,当下许多学校教师培训方法不对头、效果不理想,很多做法需要改进,但有关部门想用"以赛促训"来改变当下培训状况,并非上策.     

广西沿海高校普通话培训与机测现状研究

广西沿海地区高校机测普通话培训与测试的特点是:学生对普通话重视程度高、使用范围在扩大,但推普环境不佳;师资力量雄厚但培训模式和方法相对单一陈旧;参测人数逐年增多,但达标率不高。从培训对象对普通话的认识和使用,考生对测试要求、评分细则的熟知情况,培训师资和培训方式方法以及机测结果入手,分析研究培训与测试现状,有助于解决在培训测试中存在的问题,以提高普通话培训的效率和测试水平。     

信息化背景下的普通话水平测试培训体系建设

普通话水平测试是我国推广普通话的一项重要举措,测试的目的是"以测促训",这就需要切实加强测前辅导和培训的力度。在计算机辅助普通话测试背景下,测试机构存在弱化测试培训的倾向,应从普通话水平测试培训工作体系和测试内容体系等方面加强培训,确保普通话水平测试工作的社会效果。     

“以课领训”夯实教师培训主体性实践

"以课领训"是由祁门县教师进修学校历经六年探究实践,并不断改进、完善形成的相对稳定、操作性强、基于培训主体性实践的一种有效教师培训模式。该模式有机地将"训—研—教"融于一体。其本质与核心是:问题引领、体验课堂、唤醒意识、引发思考、质疑碰撞、启迪思维、点燃智慧、获取知识、提升素养、发展能力。     

建立干训网络 搞好干训工作

南京教育学院干训处自79年开始承担南京市中学校长培训工作,至今已有16个年头.89年12月国家教委《关于加强全国中小学校长培训工作的意见》(035号文件)下发后.我们在总结10年工作的基础上,加大了干训工作的力度,采取了多种形式开展培训工作,力争在3——5年内将南京市的中学校长再轮训一遍.94年南京市普教系统教育行政干部培训中心成立.我们除了继续办班开展培训工作外,还对区县的干训工作提供业务指导和咨询,培训干训师资.据95年10月统计,我们共举办了43期各种不同类型的培训班,培训了1586名中学教育行政干部,其中90年以来培训了857名,另外还组织了近1000人次的校长参加培训日活动.我们的体会是:只有建立干训网络,才能搞好干训工作     

对推进以能力建设为中心的干训教育教学改革的思考

深化干部教育培训教学改革,是执政能力建设的“根本性”地位对干部教育培训工作的战略性要求,是干训工作在当前面临的紧迫任务;实现教育培训理念从知识灌输到能力训练的转换是深化干训教育教学改革的重要前提;完善以能力建设为中心的教学体系,突出能力教学的战略地位,是深化干训教育教学改革的中心;创新以能力训练为中心的培训方式方法是深化干训教学改革的关键。     

Massed and spaced training build up different components of long-term habituation in the crabChasmagnathus

The crabChasmagnathus granulatus reacts to a shadow passing overhead with an escape response that habituates after 30 trials and for 5 days at least. The effect of a wide range of different intertrial intervals (ITIs) (0, 9, 27, 45, 81, 135, and 171 sec) on theChasmagnathus long-term habituation (LTH) was evaluated at 24 h. Memory retention was estimated separately at two phases of a six-trial testing session: at first trial (the initial testing phase) and at the subsequent block of five trials (the retraining phase). A training of 30 trials with an ITI equal to or longer than 27 sec induced LTH at both testing phases, however, with a 0- or a 9-sec ITI, training wholly failed to build up LTH. When the number of trials was increased, a massed training (ITI=0 or 9 sec) induced LTH at retraining but not at initial testing. Thus, massed training produces LTH only at retraining, whereas spaced training (ITI ≥ 27 sec) produces LTH at both initial phase and retraining. An ITI shift from training to testing diminished or abolished retention at retraining regardless of the direction of the shift, thus suggesting that crabs acquire a memory of the trial-spacing at training. According to these results, it is postulated that LTH consists of two memory components: one produced by spaced training and expressed at both initial testing and retraining, and one yielded by massed training and expressed only at retraining. The possibility that the two components of LTH were differentially affected by cycloxemide and context shift is discussed.     

Enhanced monitoring accuracy and test performance: Incremental effects of judgment training over and above repeated testing

From a self-regulated learning perspective, adequate monitoring of own learning processes and outcomes is crucial to regulate one's own learning effectively. Research on metacognitive judgments, however, clearly indicates that students frequently overestimate their actual performance. Therefore, the present study with N = 209 undergraduate students aimed to support students in developing accurate judgments in order to improve learning processes and, eventually, performance. A quasi-experimental design with three conditions (metacognitive training, testing, and control) and five testing sessions was implemented. In addition to repeated testing plus individual feedback in the testing group, students in the metacognitive training group received psychoeducation, made item-specific judgments, and were given feedback. Over and above the positive effects of repeated testing, metacognitive training positively influenced several monitoring accuracy scores (bias, absolute accuracy, and specificity) and students' performance. Moreover, the metacognitive training group exhibited a nonlinear interindividual decrease in overconfidence. Overall, the study provided considerable evidence that monitoring accuracy and performance can be improved by means of judgment training.     

改革考试制度 深化人才培养模式改革

人才培养模式的改革需要依靠科学的考试制度来促进。当前现代远程教育的考试制度与考试管理存在的弊端已成为人才培养模式改革的障碍之一。改革现行的考试制度和考试管理，为人才培养模式改革提供良好的思想环境、人文环境，创建合理的考试环境、科学的课程环境以及和谐的管理环境，才能有力地促进人才培养模式的改革。     

Effects of discrimination training on stimulus generalization in pigeons: Role of resistance to extinction and response-produced stimuli

In Experiment 1, two groups (n = 10) of pigeons received 17 sessions of TD (true discrimination) or ND (nondifferential) training with line angles. Seventeen sessions of SS (single stimulus) training with a wavelength preceded this training and two followed it. Subsequent wavelength generalization testing in extinction revealed a sharper TD than ND gradient. This slope difference was evident from the very first test stimulus presentation and remained stable throughout testing. As a consequence of substantial overtraining, there was no reduction of response strength and no sharpening of generalization during testing for either group. In Experiment 2, two groups (n = 16) of pigeons received 10 sessions of TD or PD (pseudodiscrimination) training with line angles, followed by four sessions of SS training with a single wavelength. During this training and in subsequent wavelength generalization testing in extinction, brief blackouts separated stimulus presentations. Again, the TD group yielded the sharper gradient. Although responding weakened and the gradients sharpened during the test, these effects were comparable in the two groups. Furthermore, gradients based on the percentage of trials with at least one response showed the same TD-PD slope difference. This finding indicates that differential control over responding by response-produced feedback is inadequate to account for the TD-PD difference in generalization slope. Both experiments indicate that a purported difference in resistance to extinction is also an inadequate explanation.     

高校学生党员培养考察工作模式创新探究

学生党员培养考察是学生党员组织发展工作中的关键环节。学生党员培养考察工作面临着数量与质量、党务队伍建设的滞后与党员发展工作要求、传统的培养考察工作模式与学生党建工作发展需要之间的挑战。在新时期,构建学生党员培养"四级教育培养模式"和"四级信息数据库",形成"过程梯级教育培养"和"‘实时-立体-动态’考察"工作模式是高校学生党员培养考察工作模式有益的探索。     

Examining the Effects of Problem‐solving Training on the Acquisition of Interpersonal Problem‐solving Skills by 5‐Year‐old Children in Turkey

This study was designed and carried out to examine the effect of problem‐solving training on the acquisition of interpersonal problem‐solving skills by 5 year‐old children. The subjects consisted of 74 5 year‐olds (34 girls and 40 boys) attending a kindergarten in Ankara, Turkey. Of these children 38 were assigned to the experimental group and 36 to the control group. The procedure consisted of pre‐testing, training and post‐testing activities. The training phase involved a programme of activities that required working with children for a certain period of time every day for 14 weeks. In the statistical analysis of the data collected ‘Chi‐Square (x²) test for significance’ was used for the evaluation of the differences between the experimental and control groups. The results were also evaluated on the basis of ‘the significance test for the difference between two means’. This was used to study the relationship between variables. The results showed that problem‐solving training was effective in helping 5 year‐old kindergarten children acquire interpersonal problem‐solving skills.     

基于迁移学习的交通标志识别系统设计

针对自动驾驶领域对交通标志识别的需求,设计了一种基于迁移学习的交通标志识别系统。该系统采用了预训练的MobileNetV3(去掉输出层)作为特征提取网络,然后添加两个自定义的全连接层以实现信号的分类和输出。由于采用迁移学习方法,深度学习网络中需训练的模型参数大幅减少,训练所需时间大为缩短。该系统使用经典的中国交通标志数据库(CTSDB)中的数据作为交通标志的训练数据和测试数据,训练结果表明,损耗低至0.024 3,准确率高达99.88%;测试结果表明,可以对58类交通标志进行识别,准确率为55.3%。     

基于n-gram及SVM的中文垃圾邮件过滤

在基于内容的垃圾邮件过滤方法中,特征表达和分类算法十分重要,本文应用n-gram方法进行特征表达,以支持向量机（SVM）作为分类算法,并选取传统的人工神经网络（ANN）作为分类器作为对比,并采用不同大小的训练集和测试集来测试SVM及ANN的分类效果,观察训练集和测试集大小对于分类效果的影响。     

谈高职院校药检实训室的管理

为了加强药检实训室的管理,应从制定规章制度,加强人员的管理,加强仪器设备及试剂管理,加强药检实训室的安全管理四方面入手。为此,辽宁卫生职业技术学院药检实训室开展了加强管理的实践探索,取得一定经验,获得了良好的效果,使药检实训室的的日常管理处于良好状态,为药检专业人才的培养提供了可靠的保障。     

基于卷积神经网络的海洋平台损伤识别实验系统开发

将卷积神经网络(CNN)引入到海洋平台损伤识别应用中,开发了基于一维CNN的导管架式海洋平台损伤识别实验系统。构建一维CNN结构损伤识别模型,基于振动台规则波激励获取导管架式海洋平台模型的应变响应实测数据,将实测数据分为训练集和测试集,进行CNN网络的训练和测试。在此过程中,考虑了完好工况、单损伤、多损伤等不同损伤位置共7个模拟工况。实验结果表明,一维CNN可以有效地识别海洋平台结构损伤位置,开发的实验系统可进一步扩展其功能。