浅议定量研究与定性研究的对比与整合

定量研究和定性研究是教育科学研究领域的量大基本范式和方法,各自有着不同的概念,在本质、认识论、理论基础、研究程序和预先设计、研究目的、研究方法上也各不相同,本文在阐述两者的特点和优点的基础上,分析了两种研究范式结合的意义、条件和可能方式。     

A comparative study of educational research in China and the United States

This article examines one major research journal from China and one from the United States. The study compares the two journals with regard to three questions: 1) Who is doing research published in the journals? 2) What are the major issues and concerns represented in the journals? 3) What research methodologies are favoured in the journals? The authors believe that understanding another country's educational research practices, through addressing these questions, can better enable domestic researchers, educators and policymakers to acknowledge the major educational concerns and issues that exist across countries. As boundaries between national borders continue to blur, this understanding can help educational researchers better interpret and present their findings with greater international relevance.     

英国宏观教育决策研究

本文基于历史的视角,对英国宏观教育决策的主体以及决策的模式进行了论述和分析,并归纳出英国宏观教育决策的若干特点:以政府为主导进行决策,注重以立法的形式开展重大决策,注重决策的民主化和科学化.     

论院校研究中的若干关系

推进院校研究,学校领导要进一步提高认识,认识到院校研究与学校领导者的关系,犹如"汽车表盘"与"驾驶员"的关系。院校研究者要处理好理论与实践的关系,认识实践具有紧迫性、动态性、模糊性、总体性等特点,从而把握实践研究的规律性;处理好量的研究和质的研究的关系,认识到定量研究与质的研究互为补充,应根据研究的需要选取合适的研究方法;处理好中立性与服务性的关系,坚守自己的职责,以强烈的奉献精神和严谨科学的工作态度,做好院校研究工作。     

Constructions of Malawian boys and girls on gender and achievement

Gender differences in achievement have been widely documented and a number of feminists, particularly from the West, have used the concept of identity to explain them. This paper draws on constructions on gender and achievement generated through surveying 59 boys and 103 girls from four secondary schools, as well as interviewing 40 of the girls in order to contribute to our understanding of identity construction in an African context. The data show that the majority of boys and girls support dominant gender norms, but there is some indication of fluidity. Thus, the notion of identity formation is crucial to the analysis and interpretation of the findings, as it highlights the possibility for agency and change, since gender identities are not stable.     

Comparing the gender gap in educational attainment: the impact of emancipatory contexts in 33 cohorts across 33 countries

Nowadays, women outperform men in educational attainment in many countries. Still, large variation between countries remains. Emancipatory contexts in which individuals are raised might explain these differences in male–female educational attainment, both over time and across countries. This study examines individual and contextual factors that affect educational attainment of men and women for cohorts born between 1950 and 1982 across 33 countries. Possible explanations for differentiation over time and across countries relate to women’s labour market participation and an emancipatory normative climate, indicated by degree of religiosity. We employ multilevel models on data (N = 138,498) from 6 waves of the European Social Survey and the US General Social Survey (2002–2012) to test our hypotheses. Results show that a higher level of female labour market participation in early adolescence improves women’s performance in education, whereas high levels of religiosity during that phase negatively affect women’s educational attainment.     

英国高等教育改革法述评

本文旨在透过对英国高等教育法的述评，观察英国政府强化“国家权力”所采取的措施，为中国高等教育在政府控制“松绑”的过程中，起到一些借鉴作用。     

近年国内旅游创新研究进展

文章对我国近年来旅游创新相关文献进行梳理、归纳及总结。首先集中阐述了旅游创新的概念、特点、理论体系等基础研究;旅游创新内容研究主要是从旅游资源、旅游产品、旅游市场及营销、旅游管理制度及组织等方面开展;旅游创新方法及路径研究包括理念、科技、文化等方面;进而对旅游创新能力评价研究进行总结;最后指出对未来研究的几点思考,以此希望对旅游创新研究及旅游业创新具有一定借鉴价值。     

美、英、新加坡国家教师荣誉制度的共性研究

国家级教师最高奖具有鼓励全国教师热爱并积极从事教育事业的重要作用。美国＂国家年度教师＂、英国＂年度教师奖＂和新加坡＂卓越教师总统奖＂作为三国的教师最高荣誉制度各有特色,激励教师的政策目标明确,评选流程规范,荣誉获得者作为教师的代言人和学习楷模具有显著的示范作用,且获奖教师普遍在情感教育、创新思维、关注弱势群体等方面有着独特的贡献。     

Polish Migrant Parents of Secondary School Boys in the United Kingdom

This article focuses on the parents of secondary school Polish boys and their capacity to realise their educational and professional aspirations for their children. Our primary finding is that although many Polish parents face considerable challenges in manoeuvring through the educational system, some Polish parents display a level of agency comparable to that of white, British middle-class parents.     

Measuring equity in educational effectiveness research: the properties and possibilities of quantitative indicators

There has never been a published discursive review of equity measurement methodology in educational effectiveness research, though the literature on equity is growing. This paper sets out several indices that have the potential to measure it in terms of pupil attainment or in terms of how far a school (or group of schools) is from having a ‘fair’ proportion of its success attributable to a ‘fair’ proportion of its student population. The paper explores the principles and properties of three relatively simple metrics (the Range Ratio family of measures, the Coefficient of Variation and McLoone's Index) leading to two complex measures (Theil's T and finally to the Gini-based Attainment Equity Index). The paper investigates the warrant that the measures have (or do not have) for measuring equity by exploring them in a theoretical way so that their strengths, provenances and presumptions reveal themselves, and concludes with a discussion – the first of its kind in educational effectiveness research – on their desirable characteristics and properties. Worked examples from 2009 to 2011 UK pupil attainment data are presented in the Notes by way of worked illustrations, as are another two indices: the Variance of the Logs and the Atkinson Index.     

性别语言研究发展透析

性别语言是语言的一种变异形式。语言学家在研究男女两性语言差异的同时，运用各种理论和方法对“性别语言”进行了深入细致的研究。该文就性别语言研究的理论发展、研究内容、现状和发展前景进行了探讨。     

The effect of number of siblings and birth order on educational attainment: Empirical Evidence from Chinese General Social Survey

Data from China demonstrate that the effect of the number of siblings on education is restricted by many factors, such as children’s gender, urban or rural household registration, whether there is only one child, the birth order of children within the family, and parents’ status. Chinese families have significant preferences for the eldest son and the youngest son. Moreover, research based on the natural experiment and instrumental variable approach suggests that market-oriented reform of education has increased the cost of family education expenditures since China’s reform and opening up, which further aggravates the negative impact on education of having many siblings in an urban setting.     

Equity in college physics student learning: A critical quantitative intersectionality investigation

We investigated the intersectional nature of race/racism and gender/sexism in broad scale inequities in physics student learning using a critical quantitative intersectionality. To provide transparency and create a nuanced picture of learning, we problematized the measurement of equity by using two competing operationalizations of equity: Equity of Individuality and Equality of Learning. These two models led to conflicting conclusions. The analyses used hierarchical linear models to examine student's conceptual learning as measured by gains in scores on research-based assessments administered as pretests and posttests. The data came from the Learning About STEM Student Outcomes' (LASSO) national database and included data from 13,857 students in 187 first-semester college physics courses. Findings showed differences in student gains across gender and race. Large gender differences existed for White and Hispanic students but not for Asian, Black, and Pacific Islander students. The models predicted larger gains for students in collaborative learning than in lecture-based courses. The Equity of Individuality operationalization indicated that collaborative instruction improved equity because all groups learned more with collaborative learning. The Equality of Learning operationalization indicated that collaborative instruction did not improve equity because differences between groups were unaffected. We discuss the implications of these mixed findings and identify areas for future research using critical quantitative perspectives in education research.     

关于单纯形算法若干进展的新见解

首先回顾了采用最钝角行、列主元规则求解线性规画问题的原始、对偶可行解的主要过程,阐述了其与众不同的特性.然后构造了2个特殊的辅助问题,并证明了最钝角行、列主元规则的过程实际上分别等价于采用原始、对偶单纯形算法求解相应的辅助问题.此外,还对嵌套的pricing规则进行了回顾,并基于最优解的启发式特征刻画给出了该规则的一个几何解释.     

关于音乐教育心理学研究方法的思考

通过对当前音乐教育心理学的发展现状的分析指出,音乐教育心理学已经成为音乐心理学的一个重要组成部分,对音乐教育心理学研究方法的思考具有现实意义。当今我国音乐教育心理学研究一方面亟需加强“量的研究”,另一方面必须重视“质的研究”,在教育实践中采用行动研究模式将两者有机地结合是实际有效的研究方法。     

A review of recent research on spelling

Research on spelling ability has witnessed a vigorous but fragmented growth in the last decade. A theory on the cognitive mechanisms of spelling remains elusive, as does a unified approach to spelling instruction. The idea that spelling competence unfolds in a series of developmental stages has gained popularity. Despite a lack of clear empirical support for the model, its impact on spelling instruction in the schools is growing. Research on traditional issues in teaching spelling continues unabated (size of word list, time between practice and test, immediacy of feedback), as well as investigation on innovative approaches (computers, group instruction). A creative technique applied in the early grades is invented spelling. Although popular and widely applied, its effectiveness remains unclear. Research is beginning to indicate that reading and spelling may be separable but related cognitive processes and that spelling ability involves two processing systems-phonological and lexical. Finally, experiencing incorrect spellings may be detrimental to spelling performance, and more research is needed on this issue.     

Environmental education in transition: A critical review of recent research on climate change and energy education

Abstract

The transition from centralized energy systems based on fossil fuels to renewable-based systems is a macro-level societal shift necessitated by climate change. This review of recent environmental education (EE) research identifies gaps and opportunities for promoting environmental action in this new context. We found that environmental educators and researchers are currently focused on researching and promoting energy conservation behavior with an emphasis on children and youth. We also found an emerging research focus on energy transitions at the regional and national levels. We recommend that environmental educators and researchers adopt a vision and strategy for climate change and energy education that more explicitly addresses the role of collective action, multiactor networks, and sociotechnical innovation in shaping energy transition processes.