The economic evaluation of information storage and retrieval systems

This paper describes a formal standardized procedure for the decision-making process for the purchase or rejection of an information storage and retrieval system. The interaction of both the purchaser of the system and its potential users with the various models of the system (such as cost-time-volume models and performance evaluation models) ensures that the purchase decision for a given system is affected by all possible constraints and is universally acceptable. If either purchaser or users find a particular system unacceptable, the procedure either rejects it or institutes modifications (within given constraints) until a generally acceptable system is determined, if one exists.     

The economic analysis and evaluation of information and documentation systems

Significant results of a project carried out by the Studiengruppe für System-forschung e.V. (Heidelberg, W. Germany) on the “Economy of Information and Documentation Systems” are described. The aims of this project in the framework of the German national “Program of the Federal Government for the Promotion of Information and Documentation (I&D-Program) 1974–1977” were to develop methods for measuring the efficiency of information and documentation systems and services and to test such methods in actual practice.     

A decision-theoretic approach to the evaluation of information retrieval systems

Evaluation research on information retrieval (IR) systems has thus far been narrowly focused and disjointed. This research attempts to narrow the gap by providing a comprehensive and integrated multiple criteria decision-theoretic approach for the evaluation of IR systems. The approach, which is based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), is illustrated in the context of a domain-specific IR system. The novelty of this approach lies in the focus on the user aspect and the application of decision-making theories in the IR field.     

基于用户接受度的IT/IS效用评估模型

在终端用户的系统环境下,用户研究和用户测评技术越来越重要。因此,人们有必要建立预测IT/IS效用的模型、工具,为技术投资提供参考建议。本文阐述了一个具有实用价值的用户接受度模型,并深入分析了各个内部变量及其关系。同时提出了内部结构变量的测量方法以及具体的操作方案。     

基于数据量度模型的信息系统整合效益评价

信息系统整合的关键是数据整合。传统的基于业务的信息系统效益评价方式用于评价数据整合的效益略显不足。本文提出基于数据量度模型的系统整合效益评价体系,并介绍其应用案例。     

信息检索系统的相关词提示技术与评测

在Web信息检索中,为了明确用户的查询需求,很多搜索引擎和全文数据库提供了相关词提示功能。本文简要介绍了Web信息检索中相关词提示的获取技术,并对相关词提示效果进行实际调查分析。从关键词库中随机抽取若干关键词,在选定的搜索引擎和全文数据库上进行信息检索,获取抽样关键词的相关提示词。通过关键词检索、人工打分和数据统计,进行查询扩展分析、查询式专指度分析和查准率分析,给出相关词提示在改善检索效果和用户满意度方面的综合评价。     

医院信息系统安全等级保护测评方案的设计

医院信息系统的发展是建立在信息安全、可靠的基础上。文章根据国家及行业信息安全等级保护的标准,结合某三级甲等医院的具体情况,从等级保护测评流程、测评对象、测评方法、测评工具、单元测评、整体测评等方面,对某三甲医院的信息系统等级保护测评方案进行设计。通过测评,发现医院信息系统存在的安全隐患,为该医院信息化建设的下一步整改提供科学、合理的依据。     

Public information systems

Abstract

Public information systems are described and contrasted to commercial information systems. Three generations of public information systems are identified in close correspondence to the three generations of commercial information systems. Each generation is characterized in terms of the technology and the infrastructure required, the problems it alleviates, and the impact on society. Examples are given both of the traditional and the automated public information systems and the social problems they attack.     

Predictive models of information systems

The problem of modelling information systems is studied with focus on predictability. Predictability presupposes discovery and knowledge of empirical laws and theories, which are in the domain of information science. Discovery of such laws and theories goes hand in hand with the development of the capability to measure important variables in that domain. The state-of-the-art of predictive modelling is discussed with respect to syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic criteria, emphasizing the need for concentrated effort in further development of the empirical foundation of information science.     

科技立项评估及信息采集

科技立项评估是为科技计划立项提供决策咨询,其评估质量的好坏取决于评估结论必须要符合科技管理、科技决策原则要求、所在领域的科技规律,必须要有事实依据的支撑,因此相关的信息采集十分重要。本文对尝试科技立项评估及其信息采集的要求、内容、方法、注意问题进行多角度分析。     

Geographical information systems as part of the corporate information strategy

In the past, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have been used and developed by small groups of professionals within organizations, for example, town planners within local authorities. Champions from such enthusiastic groups have made enormous contributions to the development of working GIS in practice. However, GIS implementations that are ad hoc developments primarily designed to improve the operations of the organization are potentially underutilizing the benefits of GIS. In business applications GIS must be seen as another potential tool. Managers need to see GIS among a range of management support tools, in a way that other information systems might be viewed. The integration of GIS into corporate information systems is vital for gaining the maximum benefit from the information resources of the organization. The paper explores issues such as: How can GIS be integrated into the information strategy? What are the benefits of such an integration? The paper puts forward a framework for considering GIS within the corporate information strategy.     

Legislation,information systems and public health

The design of information systems is related to the design of organizations as expressed in legislation. A case study in public health serves as example. Suggestions are made for improving bureaucracies.     

医院住院管理信息系统的分析与设计

结合当前医院信息化管理进程,对医院的业务系统进行深入分析研究,归纳医院住院管理系统的业务流程,提出医院住院系统的设计思想,从功能模块、关键技术等角度给出医院住院系统的具体实现。     

Using information gain to improve multi-modal information retrieval systems

Nowadays, access to information requires managing multimedia databases effectively, and so, multi-modal retrieval techniques (particularly images retrieval) have become an active research direction. In the past few years, a lot of content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems have been developed. However, despite the progress achieved in the CBIR, the retrieval accuracy of current systems is still limited and often worse than only textual information retrieval systems. In this paper, we propose to combine content-based and text-based approaches to multi-modal retrieval in order to achieve better results and overcome the lacks of these techniques when they are taken separately. For this purpose, we use a medical collection that includes both images and non-structured text. We retrieve images from a CBIR system and textual information through a traditional information retrieval system. Then, we combine the results obtained from both systems in order to improve the final performance. Furthermore, we use the information gain (IG) measure to reduce and improve the textual information included in multi-modal information retrieval systems. We have carried out several experiments that combine this reduction technique with a visual and textual information merger. The results obtained are highly promising and show the profit obtained when textual information is managed to improve conventional multi-modal systems.     

Formal specification of information systems requirements

An organizational information system can be viewed, in a broad sense, as a computational model of organizational activity and function. Logical requirements of information systems are defined, according to this view, as constraints imposed by the logical structure of such a computational model on the design, implementation and operation of information systems. In this study a formal model for the specification of logical requirements is presented in detail and its role as a tool for systems development is discussed. Three main advantages of the specification of logical requirements that can be capitalized through the use of this formalism are: (1) logical requirements are invariant with respect to specific means in which information processing is actually accomplished; (2) they can be easily related to relevant aspects of organizational activity and function; and (3) they can be related to basic components of the corresponding software systems, either existing or being developed.     

Monitoring and evaluation of on-line information system usage

The paper presents a background survey of the existing state-of-the-art as it relates to monitoring of information systems. It addresses both historical and current approaches and both manual and automated techniques. The general concept of automated monitoring into a well-defined methodology, categorizing the generic uses for monitoring, identifying specific objectives of monitoring and translating these objectives into detailed parameters are developed. Methodologies, techniques and theoretical foundations essential for analyzing monitored data are formulated. Desirable computer-based support requirements for data analysis also are discussed. Conclusions and implications for future research and development efforts in monitoring and evaluation of on-line information systems are highlighted.     

基于熵权法的内控信息披露质量评价模型设计

近年来,各起财务造假丑闻以及世界知名企业爆发的破产危机使得内部控制信息的披露质量成为近来的研究热点。国内学者多是借鉴国外的研究理论或模型来对我国内控信息披露质量做相关论证,然而由于内部控制披露质量是一个抽象的概念,具体应该怎么度量尚无定论。以财政部会同证监会、审计署等联合制定了《企业内部控制基本规范》为依据,根据内控信息披露的要求,从完整性、真实性、及时性、易得性4个角度出发选取指标,通过熵权法计算指标权重,最终得到内控信息披露质量的评价模型。     

How information systems came to rule the world: Reflections on the information systems field

Abstract

Over some seven decades, a rather mundane transition that in its thoroughness and consequences has gone largely unacknowledged, has taken place, namely the revolution in modern information systems (IS) that guide organizations in their actions. Today, it is fair to say that IS have come to rule the world. They do this literally, by the rules they embody, which dictate how much of everyday life, as it relates to individuals and organizations and the transactions they engage in, takes place around the globe. In essence, IS have become important social and economic infrastructure. Seeking an understanding of how this has come about, I review historical developments in IS, focusing in particular on accounting systems, enterprise systems, retail automation, and electronic commerce. I argue that it is transactions and their facilitation that lie at the heart of IS and its development as a field of practice. I reflect on why this has gone mostly overlooked as such. I consider where we have now arrived with transaction facilitation as infrastructure and its importance in the light of current issues. I suggest how future studies might contribute to our learning more about where we should want to be with our transaction facilitation infrastructure.