运动记忆策略和记忆监控训练对运动技能学习的影响

采用实验法研究了运动记忆策略和记忆监控训练对运动技能学习的影响。结果显示，在艺术体操动作技能学习初期，动作记忆策略对动作记忆成绩(表现在动作数量和动作规格上)的效果较显著；在动作学习中期，记忆监控对艺术体操动作记忆数量的提高发挥着显著的协同作用。     

动作记忆研究的新领域——动作记忆元认知研究

随着现代认知心理学的发展，“对认知的认知”－－元认知的研究已逐渐成为当前智力研究的前沿课题，就目前而言，在体育学习领域中有关元认知的研究极其贫乏，至今尚未见到有关的实验研究报告，动作记忆元认知即认知主体对自身动作记忆过程的认知与监控，具体包括动作记忆组织和动作记忆监控，基于动作记忆元认知在体育学习中的重要性，本文试图对动作记忆元认知过程进行初步探索，并提出一种全新的动作记忆训练方法－动作记忆元认知训练，为体育教学工作者和学习者寻找一种高质高效的教与学的方法，以增强学生动作学习能力。     

我国青少年女排非技术性因素与运动成绩的相关分析

采用文献资料法、数理统计法、观察法和比较分析法,对参加2013年全运会＂青少年组＂女排集训的16支青少年女排队伍的运动员的部分身体形态和身体素质的现状进行分析,并对身体形态和身体素质与运动成绩进行相关性分析,旨在找出其身体形态和身体素质的现状及其与运动成绩之间的规律,为我国青少年女排的选材和训练提供参考。研究表明：我国青少年女排已逐渐出现高大化的趋势,但身体素质仍需要得到进一步的提高;青少年女排各项身体形态和身体素质对运动成绩都有着不同程度的影响,且各队间的差异较大。     

运动记忆策略研究(综述)

本文介绍了记忆策略在运动学习中的研究概况,并对我国武术运动记忆策略的研究成果、运动记忆策略研究展望进行了论述和探讨。     

运动记忆规律在游泳教学中的运用策略

针对游泳教学的特点在技术学习的泛化、分化、巩固和自动化过程采用不同的策略,对提高游泳教学效率、提高学生的游泳能力起到重要的作用。     

试述上挺动作对运动成绩的影响

在中国举重历史上,挺举曾多次打破世界记录。这些优异成绩的取得,充分体现出我国运动员在挺举竞赛中,具备极高的运动技术水平。然而,近几年来,调查统计的结果表明:在举重竞赛中,反映极为突出的问题是上挺动作成功率偏低。故此,对1997-2000年全国业余体校举重分组赛1086人进行现场观察统     

儿童体操运动员4项身体素质与运动成绩的相关分析

对4项身体素质与运动成绩的相关分析可以看出，儿童体操运动员身体素质与运动成绩的关系密切，进行身体素质打分形式的竞赛是可行的。个别身体素质的指标选择和扣分标准有待进一步修订。     

田径跳高和跳远项目运动成绩之间的相关分析

采用文献资料法、定性分析法和数理统计法,对世界优秀跳跃运动员的运动成绩进行了相关分析。结果表明:运动员的跳高和跳远成绩之间存在显著的线性关系,2项目之间存在密切的裙带关系。     

试述上挺动作对运动成绩的影响

在中国举重历史上，挺举曾多次打破世界纪录。这些优异成绩的取得，充分体现出我国运动员在挺举竞赛中，具备极高的运动技术水平。然而，近几年来，调查统计的结果表明：在举重竞赛中，反映极为突出的问题是上挺动作成功率偏低。故此，经过认真的分析找出阻碍举重运动发展的原因。     

优秀男子短跑运动员步长、步频与百米运动成绩的相关分析

步长与步频是决定运动成绩的决定因素,这是一个不争的事实。然而,步长与步频何者更重要却又是一个百年的辩题。长期以来,广大学者围绕着步长、步频进行了深入的研究和激列的辩论,至今仍无取得令人完全信服的研究结果。由于,不同的研究者所选择的研究对象不同,研究指标、研究方法各异,因而得到的结论也不尽相同。     

The effects of chronic exercise training status on motor unit activation and deactivation control strategies

This study examined the mechanomyographic (MMG_RMS) amplitude–force relationships for 5 (age = 19.20 ± 0.45 years) aerobically trained (AT), 5 (age = 25 ± 4.53 years) resistance-trained (RT) and 5 (age = 21.20 ± 2.17 years) sedentary (SED) individuals. Participants performed an isometric trapezoidal muscle action at 60% maximal voluntary contraction of the leg extensors that included linearly increasing, steady force, and linearly decreasing muscle actions. MMG and skinfold thickness were recorded from the vastus lateralis. b and a terms were calculated from the natural log-transformed MMG_RMS–force relationships (linearly increasing and decreasing segments) for each participant. An average of MMG_RMS was calculated for the entire steady force segment. The b terms for the RT (0.727 ± 0.334) and SED (0.622 ± 0.281) were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than the AT (0.159 ± 0.223) and were greater during the linearly increasing (0.622 ± 0.426) than decreasing (0.383 ± 0.269) segments when collapsed across segments and training status, respectively. MMG_RMS during the steady force segment and skinfold thicknesses were not different among training statuses (P = 0.106, P = 0.142). Motor unit (MU) activation strategies were influenced as a function of exercise training status and muscle action. Future research is needed to fully understand the implications of these changes in MU control strategies as a result of chronic exercise training on exercise and athletic performance.     

Interaction between motor ability and skill learning in children: Application of implicit and explicit approaches

The benefits of implicit and explicit motor learning approaches in young adults have been studied extensively, but much less in children. This study investigated the relationship between fundamental motor ability and implicit/explicit learning in children using the errorless learning paradigm. First, the motor ability of 261 children (142 boys, 119 girls) aged 9–12 years (M?=?9.74, SD?=?0.67) was measured. Second, children with motor ability scores in the upper and lower quartile learned a golf-putting skill in either an errorless (implicit) or errorful (explicit) learning condition. Four groups were formed: Errorless High-Ability (n?=?13), Errorless Low-Ability (n?=?11), Errorful High-Ability (n?=?10), and Errorful Low-Ability (n?=?11). Learning consisted of 300 practice trials, while testing included a 50-trial retention test, followed by a 50-trial secondary task transfer test, and another 50-trial retention test. The results showed that for high- and low-ability errorless learners, motor performance was unaffected by the secondary task, as was the case for high-ability errorful learners. Low-ability errorful learners performed worse with a secondary task and were significantly poorer than the corresponding high-ability group. These results suggest that implicit motor learning (errorless) may be beneficial for children with low motor ability. The findings also show a trend that children of high motor ability might benefit from learning explicitly (errorful). Further research is recommended to examine the compatibility of implicit and explicit approaches for children of different abilities.     

运动专长研究的理论、方法与问题

运动专长研究在国外已成了一个相对独立的研究领域，但国内对此问题研究较少。对国外运动专长研究的范式、理论进行了介绍和评论，并提出了开展运动专长研究应解决的诸问题。     

7—12岁儿童动作协调能力测试结果的分析研究

在研究建立了动作协调能力的理论框架与测验体系和方法的基础上 ,针对 1499名男女儿童在 9项动作协调能力的测试成绩所反映出来的行为结果 ,从项目性质、动作特征并结合年龄特征、性别特征以及增长曲线对各类测验项目进行深入的综合分析 ,找出引起上述行为结果的原因 ,使我们对这一年龄阶段儿童动作协调能力的发展规律有一客观全面更加理智的认识     

对日、韩、朝男足传抢特点及应对策略的研究

以第16届亚运会日本、韩国和朝鲜男子足球队所参加的决赛阶段比赛为研究对象,选取球队传球和抢断球的次数作为球队进攻和防守能力的指标,球队核心球员传球方向的次数、成功率和比例作为球队技战术特征的指标进行数据统计和分析,以期为我国男子足球队在今后比赛中能够更好地应对对手提供理论依据。     

青少年运动员体质监测分析与目标管理

通过对武汉体育学院青少年运动员进行体质监测及体质目标管理的分析,研究和探讨青少年运动员训练和管理的新方法,使体质监测指标的利用率最大化。同时揭示和掌握运动员在青少年时期的身体成分的变化及骨密度的变化规律,初步建立青少年运动员体质监测指标的参照值,为制定训练大纲、计划、选择适宜的训练方法提供科学依据。     

现代足球比赛中胜负关系和战术运用的辩证思考

对足球比赛中胜负关系的辩证分析，可以指导教练员及队员正确对待比赛的胜利与失败。对足球比赛中战术运用的辩证分析表明：在训练和比赛中正确把握进攻与防守、数量与质量、快与慢的关系，有利于全面提高足球的技战术水平。     

Using discursive strategies,playing policy games and shaping the future of physical education

This paper presents a critical analysis of the representation of physical education (PE) in the 1992 Senate inquiry into ‘Physical and Sport Education’ in Australia. Analysis focuses specifically upon how and why a new professional discourse, fundamental motor skills (FMS), gained a privileged position in the inquiry, the inquiry report and in subsequent PE policy and practice across Australia. This paper examines the complex policy processes and power-relations underpinning the progressive legitimisation of the FMS discourse, and identifies subtleties and variations in the expression of the discourse. Attention is drawn to the strategic appropriation of established professional discourses and utilisation of crisis discourses in establishing and gaining support for the FMS discourse. The analysis reaffirms policy arenas as sites of contestation but highlights that they are simultaneously sites of possibility for PE professionals who are prepared and able to use discursive resources in strategic ways. The contemporary relevance of the discourses privileged in 1992 and lessons to be learned from events surrounding the Senate inquiry are discussed.     

Recreational activities and motor skills of children in kindergarten

Background: Developmental theorists suggest that physical activity during early childhood promotes fundamental motor skill (FMS) proficiency; and that differences in FMS proficiency are largely related to children's experiences.

Aim: To examine associations between participation in different types of recreation/leisure and FMS proficiency of boys and girls in their first year of school. We hypothesized that there would be positive associations between FMS proficiency and participation in organized sport, physical activities, and active physical recreation; but not for other types of recreation/leisure.

Method: Participants (n?=?74) were kindergarten children (Mage?=?5y11?m; boys?=?55%). Parents completed the diversity dimension of the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) survey. The CAPE measures children's participation in everyday activities outside of mandated school activities in the past four months in five types of formal and informal activities, specifically: Recreational activities, Physical activities, Social activities, Skill-Based activities, and Self-Improvement activities. Two categories of activities were also reported: Organized Sport and Active Physical Recreation. Locomotor and object control skills were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2 and static balance was assessed using a stork stand. Sex-based differences in motor skills and participation were examined using chi-squared analyses. Correlation coefficients were used to examine relationships between motor skills and CAPE sub-domains and categories. Linear regression was used to examine whether the type of activity predicted motor skill proficiency and the reverse.

Results: There were no sex-based differences in locomotor skills; whereas boys' object control skill scores were significantly higher than girls, and girls' stork stand scores were higher than boys'. Although there were no sex-based differences in the more active categories of recreational pastimes; girls participated in significantly more formal and informal dance and the prevalence of participation in team sports was significantly higher for boys. For boys, participation in physical activities predicted both locomotor and object control skill scores, organized sport predicted object control skills, and active recreation predicted stork stand times and object control skill scores. These relationships were not evident among the girls.

Conclusions: These findings illustrate that young children participate in a narrower array of physically active recreational pursuits compared with less active pursuits. There were notable sex-based differences in the relationships between participation and motor skill proficiency. For girls, none of the associations between recreational pastimes and motor skill proficiency were significant. This suggests that the motor proficiency of girls, as assessed in this study, is neither a precursor to, nor an outcome of, participation in active recreational pastimes. Contrastingly, the findings for boys support theory that suggests that physical activity is driving the acquisition of particular types of motor skills. Less active recreational activities were not associated with motor skill levels of boys, whereas each of the more active categories of recreational pastimes (active recreation, physical activities, and organized sport) predicted at least one sub-type of motor skill. It also seems clear from our findings that more light needs to be shed on how to optimally portray young girls' motor skill proficiency; as well as the relationships between their participation and motor skills.