黄壁庄水库总氮、总磷含量与反射光谱特征的关系

水质定量遥感是目前一个研究热点,笔者研究水体反射光谱特征与总氮（TN）、总磷（1P）之间的关系,为今后利用星栽高光谱传感器对黄壁庄水库乃至中国北方内陆水体水质参数进行大面积反演提供理论基础．利用高光谱地物光谱仪在黄壁庄水库进行了反射光谱测量和同步水质采样分析,在分析黄壁庄水库水体反射光谱特征的基础上,通过计算单波段和一阶微分水体光谱反射率与总氮、总磷之间的相关系数,确定总氮、总磷的敏感波段,分别建立了总氮、总磷的遥感定量模型．结果表明在595nm和873nm波段反射率的一阶微分均与总氮、总磷浓度有较好的相关性．     

含油废水处理中复合絮凝剂的制备及应用研究

在常温常压下利用CaCl2,PAC和PAM制备了一种复合絮凝剂,通过单因素分析和正交实验得出了最佳剂量及混凝条件：CaCl2（500mg／L）＋PAC（600mg／L）＋PAM（2mg／L）,pH值为8,快速搅拌1min,慢速搅拌4min。在此剂量和条件下对含油废水进行处理,COD去除率为76．7％,总油去除率为95％,达到了预期的出水要求。     

二氧化硫脲/Ca（OH）2-铁氧体法处理铜铬电镀废水工艺

当二氧化硫脲用量是还原Cu^2＋为Cu与还原Cr^5＋为Cr^3＋理论值总和的两倍时,使用二氧化硫脲在石灰饱和溶液（pH≈12．8）、沸腾条件下处理铜铬电镀废水,废水中Cu^2＋从31mg／L降为0．4mg／L,Cr^5＋从23mg／L降为0．017mg／L,总铬量由35mg／L降为5．3mg／L,经分析沉淀物为Cu（黑色）、Cu2O、Cr（OH）3趁热过滤后,往滤液中加入FeSO4·7H2O,调节pH至中性,鼓入空气,冷却至得到黑色铁氧体沉淀．经处理后残铜量为0．2mg／L,总铬量为0．035mg／L,PO4^3-由5mg／L降为1mg／L．各项指标优于工业排放标准．     

生态沟渠处理分散养猪冲洗水特性研究

为强化去除分散养猪冲洗水中的有机物和营养元素,基于生物沸石吸附－再生和固体碳源强化反硝化技术,构建多级生态沟渠系统,并考察其间歇运行性能及水力负荷对系统的影响。结果表明,多级沟渠进一步处理分散养猪冲洗水（先经序批式 ABR 处理）,出水平均 COD、氨氮（NH ＋4－N）、总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）分别为192．0、25．74、60．64和2．63mg／L,符合畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准。进水流量为5L／d 时,2号沟渠平均硝酸盐氮（NO －3－N）累积量为75 mg／L 左右,NH ＋4－N 去除量为65 mg／L 左右,二者大致平衡;稻秆充足时,3号沟渠对 NO －3－N 的去除量为80 mg／L 左右。     

武夷岩茶营养成分分析

对3种武夷岩茶和1种绿茶的18项主要营养成分进行了分析,结果为总氮：28-37mg／g;游离氨基酸：42～50mg／g;总糖：420-498mg／g;还原糖：232-298mg／g;茶多糖：182～246mg／g;茶多酚：92～158mg／g;茶咖啡碱：17～48mg／g;类脂类：19-34mg／g;钙：3．6～4．6mg／gi;总磷：2．2～3．7mg／g;镁：1．7～2．2mg／g;锰：0．45～1．24mg／g;铁：0．19～0．66mg／g;锌：30～60μg／g;铜：14～20μg／g;镍：痕量,硒：12～19μg／g;Vc：0．46～0．5mg／g和1．4～2．0mg／g（鲜茶叶）。     

苹果茎段的离体培养及快速繁殖

探讨了106苹果茎段高频率诱导再生植株的过程．采用MS基本培养基,附加IBA（0．1mg／L）和6－BA（1．0mg／L,2．0mg／L）．实验结呆表明,6－BA的浓度1～2mg／L时最适宜,繁殖系数可达2．1;IBA对繁殖的影响不明显．生根率仅36％．移植后,成活率可达75％。     

水花生对水体中重金属Pb^2＋的富集作用研究

水花生对水体中重金属Pb2 的富集作用研究表明,重金属Pb2 浓度为5mg／L,pH为7．0-8．0 (pH为7．5最佳),处理温度为25℃-30℃(温度25℃最佳)时;在处理时间为7d以后,水花生净化Pb2 可以达到低于国家标准所允许排放的最高浓度0．2mg／L．     

牛奶中氯霉素及四环素类抗生素的反相高效液相色谱快速测定

利用反相高效液相色谱法（RP—HPLC）,在Spherisorb C18柱上以乙腈-0．2g／L氨三乙酸（pH2．5）（体积比20：80）为流动相,柱温35℃,于267nm紫外检测牛奶中残留的氯霉素（CP）、金霉素（CTC）、土霉素（OTC）、四环素（TC）。考查了流动相的组成、流动相pH等因素对分离度的影响。实验条件下,四种抗生素在试验浓度范围内色谱峰面积与浓度呈现良好线性关系。四种抗生素的加标回收率分别为：土霉素为105％,四环素为90％,金霉素为82％,氯霉素为87％;检测限（SIN=3）分别为土霉素为0．35mg／L、四环素为0．30mg／L、金霉素为0．80mg／L、氯霉素为0．70mg／L。方法简单、快速,可用于奶制品中这些抗生素的检测。     

A/O工艺与分段进水两种生物脱氮工艺的比较研究

从脱氮率、工艺运行以及节能角度对A／O工艺与分段进水2种生物脱氮工艺进行比较．结果表明,当污泥回流比为50％的条件下,分段进水工艺能达到高于80％的总氮去除率,但是A／O工艺只能达到40％．在污泥回流比为100％、硝化液回流比为200％的条件下,A／O工艺能够达到78．32％的总氮去除率,但是SVI值将达到143mL／g．而达到同样甚至更高的总氮去除率（81．1％）,分段进水工艺的SVI值只有94．4mL／g．分段进水工艺中污泥膨胀得到很好的控制．分段进水工艺在适用性、脱氮率、运行稳定性方面优于A／O工艺．     

UASB工艺处理木薯酒精废液生产运行发现

论述了总有效容积2000m3的新型UASB装置,在中温条件下处理高浓度木薯酒精废水的启动运行和污泥含量控制的过程．当反应器稳定运行时,容积负荷可达7kgCOD／（m3·d）,水力停留时间为2d,污泥保持量在30％-41;％,COD去除率达95％以上,出水COD小于500mg／L．     

pH／ORP系统在磷化废水处理技术中的运用

对某钣金厂磷化废水采用混凝沉淀法进行处理研究,利用 pH/ORP系统在生产运行中确定了碱和混凝剂的最佳投加量,实现了整个工艺的自动控制,降低了药剂量的使用.结果表明:该法可使原水COD从250mg/L降到50mg/L,总磷从36 mg/L降到0.3mg/L,废水COD和总磷的去除率分别达到80%和99%,达到排放标准.     

Contaminations removal from static lake water by compound

Urban wastewater treatment techniques could not be applied to improve the pollutant removal efficiency,due to its characteristics of closed and quiescent conditions of the static lake water.In this study,natural zeolite and coal cinder were chosen as filler compounds of the ecological filter.Static and dynamic experiments were carried out to study the remediation efficiency.Experimental data show that removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen （NH ＋ 4 -N） reaches 85% in both static and dynamic patterns and its removal efficiency reaches 97% when the recycling period is 1 h in dynamic condition.The maximum removal efficiency of nitrite nitrogen （NO-2 -N） reached 98%,and the removal efficiency of total nitrogen （TN） is a maximum of 84%.The final effluent concentration of total phosphorus （TP） is 0.079 mg/L.Effluent recycling could improve the nutrient （N,P） removal efficiently.Dissolved oxygen （DO） concentration could remain high with the water cycling.The filter works efficiently on regulating pH to the standard level of healthy water.     

CANON process for nitrogen removal from effluents of municipal sewage treatment plants

The feasibility and performance of nitrogen removal from municipal sewage were investigated through the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process in a continuous reactor. CANON process was successfully started up with the transformation of nitrogen into gas by mass-balance analysis. For the synthetic waste-water (up to 480 mg NH4+-N/(L·d)), removal rates of the ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen (TN) were about 80% and 55%, respectively, at 1.25 h hydraulic retention time (HRT). For the secondary effluent of municipal sewage, the effluent concentrations of NH4+-N and TN were below 5 mg/L and 9 mg/L, respectively. It is in accordance with the water quality standard for scenic environment with the reuse of urban recycling water (GB/T 18921-2002).     

小浮萍去除氮磷影响因素研究

以我国南方常见的小浮萍为供试材料,考察了光照时间、小浮萍初始生物量和培养液氮、磷浓度等因素对小浮萍去除氮磷的影响。结果表明:小浮萍对氮、磷的去除随光照时间的增加而增加;小浮萍初始生物量越大,污水氮、磷的去除率越高;培养液初始磷浓度升高,单位重量小浮萍对磷的吸收量增加;NO3-N浓度为0～60mg/L时,小浮萍对PO3-4P的去除率介于90%～95%之间;NO3-N浓度为0～10mg/L时,小浮萍吸收净化后试液NO3-N检不出。     

不同浓度咸水灌溉对冬小麦生长的影响

研究了地下水水位为2 m时,不同浓度的咸水（1.5、2.5、3.5和4.5 g/L）灌溉对冬小麦株高、叶面积指数、分蘖干重、叶绿素含量的影响.结果表明：当咸水的浓度为1.5 g/L时,平均株高为58.9 cm,平均叶面积指数为5.69,平均分蘖干重为1.41 g,平均叶绿素含量为26.39 mg/L;与1.5 g/L浓度咸水灌溉相比,浓度为2.5 g/L时平均株高、平均叶面积指数、平均分蘖干重和平均叶绿素含量分别减少1.8%、10.5%、10.6%和1.7%;灌溉咸水浓度为3.5 g/L时平均株高、平均叶面积指数、平均分蘖干重和平均叶绿素含量较1.5 g/L时分别减少4.6%、22.8%、22.0%和3.6%;灌溉咸水浓度为4.5 g/L时平均株高、平均叶面积指数、平均分蘖干重和平均叶绿素含量较1.5 g/L时分别减少8.5%、29.0%、27.6%和5.6%.灌溉咸水浓度越高,对冬小麦生长的抑制作用越大.     

碳源投加量对除磷脱氮的影响

为了提高氧化沟脱氮除磷的效果,提出了改良型氧化沟工艺,并且进行了碳源投加量对除磷脱氮的影响的试验验证.首先,给出了合肥市某污水处理厂的工程概况,并且提出了试验材料与方法.其次,分析了改良型氧化沟工艺在该污水处理厂运行效果,试验表明：（1）碳源投加量越大,释磷量越大;（2）在厌氧时污泥释磷越充分,曝气时吸磷量越大,在曝气180min后,80mg/L碳源污泥吸磷量明显小于160mg/L碳源污泥吸磷量;（3）在180min,C：N=5：1时,其硝酸盐含量和亚硝酸盐含量均小于C：N=3：1时的含量,碳源越充足,硝化反硝化效果越好,最终TN含量越小.     

Manganese removal from the Qiantang River source water by pre-oxidation: A case study

We evaluated several different pre-oxidation treatments, namely the introduction of either potassium permanganate （KMnO4）, chlorine （Cl2）, or both to remove manganese （Mn） from the Qiantang River source water. Our results showed that Mn removal percentages were 12.7%, 71.0%, 17.4% and 58.7% when none of the oxidants, KMnO4 only, Cl2 only, or both oxidants were added, respectively. Furthermore, a field study showed that when the available Mn concentration in the source water was 0.14 mg/L, it could be reduced to less than 0.05 mg/L when a solution of KMnO4 （0.47 mg/L） was added as the oxidant.     

In-situ nitrogen removal from the eutrophic water by microbial-plant integrated system

Objective： This study was to assess the influence of interaction of combination of immobilized nitrogen cycling bacteria （INCB） with aquatic macrophytes on nitrogen removal from the eutrophic waterbody, and to get insight into different mechanisms involved in nitrogen removal. Methods： The aquatic macrophytes used include Eichhornia crassipes （summer-autumn floating macrophyte）, Elodea nuttallii （winter-growing submerged macrophyte）, and nitrogen cycling bacteria including ammonifying, nitrosating, nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria isolated from Taihu Lake. The immobilization carriers materials were made from hydrophilic monomers 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate （HEA） and hydrophobic 2-hydroxyethyl methylacrylate （HEMA）. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the roles of macrophytes combined with INCB on nitrogen removal from eutrophic water during different seasons. Results： Eichhornia crassipes and Elodea nuttallii had different potentials in purification of eutrophic water. Floating macrophyte＋bacteria （INCB） performed best in improving water quality （during the first experiment） and decreased total nitrogen （TN） by 70.2%, nitrite and ammonium by 92.2% and 50.9%, respectively, during the experimental period, when water transparency increased from 0.5 m to 1.8 m. When INCB was inoculated into the floating macrophyte system, the populations of nitrosating, nitrifying, and denitrifying bacteria increased by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude compared to the un-inoculated treatments, but ammonifying bacteria showed no obvious difference between different treatments. Lower values of chlorophyll a, CODMn, and pH were found in the microbial-plant integrated system, as compared to the control. Highest reduction in N was noted during the treatment with submerged macrophyte＋INCB, being 26.1% for TN, 85.2% for nitrite, and 85.2% for ammonium at the end of 2nd experiment. And in the treatment, the populations of ammonifying, nitrosating, nitrifying, and denitrifying bacteria increased by 1 to 3 orders of magnitude, as compared to the un-inoculated treatments. Similar to the first experiment, higher water transparency and lower values of chlorophyll a, CODMn and pH were observed in the plant＋ INCB integrated system, as compared to other treatments. These results indicated that plant-microbe interaction showed beneficial effects on N removal from the eutrophic waterbody.     

广州市城市污水水质特性及处理对策的研究

广州市城市污水属于典型的南方城市污水,污染物浓度不高.2000～2004五年间的监测结果表明：BOD5在30～200mg/L之间,COD在70～300mg/L之间,氨氮在10～40mg/L之间,总氮在10～40mg/L之间,总磷在1.5～5mg/L之间;可生化性较好,可生化性指数在0.35～0.75之间;生物脱氮除磷的潜力较大,其碳氮比和碳磷比的变化范围分别是：2～5以及20～60之间.     

汤河水体污染特征及分析

为了解汤河水体中污染物的变化特征,选取7个代表性取样点分季节进行2次水体采样,测定pH、氨氮、总氮、总磷及COD,并分析其成因.研究结果表明汤河水体pH整体上2月份较7月份略高,除取样点1、2外,其他各点2月份氨氮、总氮、总磷和COD都较7月份高. 可见,7月份汤河水质明显优于2月份,其原因可能与7月份水生植物生长旺盛,植物吸收了水体中的氮、磷等污染物,以及2月份水中植被死亡有机物的释放有关.此外,从汤河上游到下游水体污染物浓度呈现出明显上升的趋势,但不同取样点水体污染物浓度变化较大,氨氮、 总氮、 总磷及COD浓度变化幅度依次为0.052-0.32 mg/L 、0.075-0.41 mg/L、0.014-0.419 mg/L和11-31.7 mg/L,导致这种现象的原因可能与取样点周边城镇、农村生活污水、农业和工业废水的无序排放有关.