我国新城市贫困问题研究进展

20世纪90年代以来,随着我国社会和经济体制改革的深入,我国城市贫困化日益凸现和发展,转型期出现的新城市贫困人口与传统的城市“三无”贫困人口有着本质的区别。新城市贫困问题已经成为新时期城市发展中突出的经济和社会问题,也成为我国城市社会地理学的研究热点。文章对我国新城市贫困问题主要研究进展作了综述,并对城市地理学在这一研究领域的发展趋势进行了展望。     

贫困类型与政策含义:西部民族山区农村的贫困人口——基于恩施州的实证研究

自新中国成立以来,农村贫困问题一直是我国政府普遍关注的社会问题之一。基于农村社会发展的客观差异和市场经济的完善,农村的贫困人口发生了一些新变化。为了应对民族地区农村在转型期贫困现象及其贫困人口的新变化,以贫困及贫困人口的认识为逻辑起点,本文在恩施州个案调查的基础上结合理性分析认为西部民族地区转型期的农村贫困可划分为"生存型贫困、温饱型贫困、发展型贫困"三种基本类型,从而为民族地区转型农村的扶贫工作提供理论依据,并据此提出了相应的政策建议。     

试论中国城市贫困现状与社会救济制度的创新

改革开放以来,城市居民间的收入差距不断扩大,城市居民中存在着明显的贫困问题。面对越来越严重的城市贫困现状,传统的社会救济制度已是力不从心。本文对城市贫困做出了简单的界定后总结出中国城市贫困的新定义,并通过对中国五大城市贫困人口生活现状的数据分析,指出了目前社会救济制度的存在诸多缺陷,进而提出完善现行社会救济制度的建议。     

试论中国城市贫困现状与社会救济制度的创新

改革开放以来。城市居民间的收入差距不断扩大,城市居民中存在着明显的贫困问题。面对越来越严重的城市贫困现状,传统的社会救济制度已是力不从心。本文对城市贫困做出了简单的界定后总结出中国城市贫困的新定义,并通过对中国五大城市贫困人口生活现状的数据分析,指出了目前社会救济制度的存在诸多缺陷,进而提出完善现行社会救济制度的建议。     

从吉登斯结构二元论分析城市贫困的原因 ——以HQ经济开发区低保家庭为例

城市贫困问题是21世纪的重要问题,从吉登斯结构二元论来看,城市贫困问题是个人行动和社会结构不平衡导致的结果。分析研究HQ经济区的城市低保家庭发现,城市贫困人口与社会结构主体间性转向困难、社会场景权力不平衡、贫困人口主体归因的单一因素限制,导致城市贫困问题没有解决。结合吉登斯结构二元论分析城市贫困,深入剖析城市贫困解决阻力。     

关注城市特困生

城市特困生的产生城市特困生是伴随城市贫困群体形成而出现的。20世纪90年代以来,我国城镇贫困人口的规模有扩大的趋势,其相对贫困程度在加深。而随着城市贫困群体的扩大和生存状况的恶化,贫困生的队伍也在迅速扩大,面临     

我国城市新贫困问题的社会危害及其解决对策研究

当前我国的城市新贫困问题处于全球化、城市化、工业化、信息化和转型期的特定阶段,表现出新的特征。研究了我国城市新贫困的特征、造成的社会危害,并提出了几点建议。     

西藏城市贫困流动人口初探

西藏的流动人口数量近十年呈持续增长趋势,在当前城乡二元分立的扶贫体系中,流动人口扶贫工作处于萌芽阶段。西藏因其特殊的政治、地理、经济、文化、社会环境等综合复杂系统因素的影响,城市流动人口的贫困问题更具有特殊性。从本质上讲,城市流动人口的贫困问题直接影响着西藏可持续长效稳定发展。因此,精准识别城市贫困流动人口,构建政府、企业、社会、个人的协同大扶贫体系,完善社会保障体制机制,保障城市贫困流动人口的合法权益,提升城市流动贫困人口的获得感、幸福感、满意感显得尤为迫切。     

新视角下的社会救助体系的完善思路

社会救助关乎社会成员的基本生存权,关系社会的稳定;困难群体的贫困问题是一个关系民生、关系经济社会协调发展的重要问题。文章探析如何从根本上解决贫困群体的贫困问题,使更多的贫困人口摆脱贫困。在保证贫困群体基本生活的基础上,通过提供教育机会、国家拨款兴建多种就业培训机制、激励企业以一定比例录用贫困人口工作、鼓励在贫困地因地制宜的办厂等一系列措施来逐渐减少贫困群体的人数使社会救助事业朝着良性循环的方向发展。     

实施精准扶贫的目标、动力和路径

本文按照党的十八届五中全会提出的创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享新的发展理念,结合习总书记精准扶贫的发展战略,提出以创新发展作为实施精准扶贫的新动力,以共享发展作为实施精准扶贫的新目标,以协调、绿色、开放发展作为实施精准扶贫的新路径.文中阐述了新时期下扶贫工作中遇到的新情况,回答了"扶持谁""扶什么""怎么扶"的关键问题,提出了利用"Alkire-Foster"多维贫困测量法来对我国贫困人口进行精准识别,并列举中国扶贫工作中出现的新问题,对我国实现精准扶贫、精准脱贫提出了对策建议.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence