行动研究在我国的发展:回顾与反思

我国早期的行动研究具有实证主义的倾向,认为行动研究的目的是探究普遍的教育规律,以教育实验的方式进行,强调实验过程对条件的控制,只有极少数教师参与行动研究;从20世纪90年代开始,我国的行动研究一方面仍遵循实证主义的"假设—验证"模式,另一方面也具备了解释主义的精神,即在教育教学的实际情境中去发现问题和解决问题,由此理解情境化的教育实践;进入21世纪,我国的行动研究更是坚持解释主义的立场,并出现"草根化"的趋势。行动研究不再被认为是单纯的解决问题的工具,而是教师将他人理论转化为个人理论,再转化为教学行为,从而促进学生学习和教师专业发展的过程。     

教育行动研究──解释学的现点

解释学对“偏见”的认可为教师的“反思性实践”所凭借的“内稳理论”找到了合法性依据。遗憾的是行动研究只是选择了解释学对“偏见”的解释，却丢弃了解释学在“历史”问题上的基本立场。行动研究应返回历史，在“理论阅读”和“理论对话”中关照行动。     

Curriculum innovation within an evaluative state: issues of risk and regulation

The English EAZ experience illustrates the difficulties of developing an innovative, responsive and inclusive curriculum within an evaluative state characterized by high stakes testing. Consequently, while government exhortations to ‘raise standards’, ‘innovate’ and ‘promote social inclusion’ clearly serve an important rhetorical function, they may underestimate the challenges involved and overestimate the capacity of schools within disadvantaged areas to ‘make a difference’.     

Hermeneutics,aesthetics, and the quest for answerability: a dialogic possibility for reconceptualizing the interpretive process in curriculum studies

This study reviews six traditional approaches to hermeneutics and presents a dialogic understanding of hermeneutics. It concludes with specific applications of hermeneutics to curriculum development practices in schools with a focus on inter‐subjectivity. While 20^th‐century access to post‐structural notions of subjectivity through aesthetic experience began to engender a language of possibility rather than a language of certitude for hermeneutic inquiry in curriculum studies, it nevertheless did not fully account for interpretation as a productive and collaborative act in the inter‐subjective sense of being for the other. This study explores the dialogic emergence of this language of possibility through a review of historical and contemporary approaches to hermeneutics, and subsequently proposes an alternative understanding of hermeneutics and aesthetics to offer a reconceptualized vision of the interpretive process for curriculum studies.     

行动研究与课程创新

在课程变革的场景中,行动研究意味着研究范式的转换。由于行动研究具有反思和批判的性格,可以运用它对课程变革的"研究、开发与传播"模式进行改造,从而使广大一线教师成为变革的动力,激起自下而上的课程创新。在课程创新的过程中,课程叙事、研究性教学和以校为本的教学研究等都蕴涵着行动研究的理念,它们代表着行动研究在课程创新中的具体表达方式。     

从叙事到隐喻:斐洛的诠释思想

作为基督教神学家的斐洛,对《旧约》圣经从叙事的说明转向隐喻的诠释,从而实现了文本字面意义和现实的个人与社会生活的调解。他所坚定拥护和实践的隐喻解经法,对诠释学的形成与发展起着不容忽视的影响和作用,这种隐喻的解释方法甚至是当代诠释学中的关键性因素之一。     

课程行动研究：方法论视角的探讨

课程行动研究是伴随着教师即研究者运动重新兴起的一种研究方式，在实践中有多种表现形式。它有着与实证主义不同的方法论基础，深受现象学、解释学、批判理论等哲学思潮的影响，注重场地研究和实际问题的解决。这一研究方式对课程变革、教师专业能力的提升有重要意义。     

Poetic expression and poetic form in practitioner research

The article draws on an experience of classroom-based collaborative research in South African primary schools. After a brief presentation of the overall research methodology, the debate focuses on the complexity of collaborative meaning making and debates the ethical implications of managingthe fluid relational boundaries that characterise narrative research.     

Towards a Model for Teacher Professional Development in China: Introducing Keli

This paper describes Keli (Exemplary Lesson Development), a new model of in-service teacher education in China, implemented within a broader program of Xingdong Jiaoyu (Action Education), which has been implemented since 2003. This paper sets out how to implement the innovative Keli model. Finally, the implications for the practical community, including teachers and researchers, are examined.     

Developing life-role readiness in a multicultural society: Topics to consider

In this paper a conceptual framework for developing life-role readiness in a multicultural society is presented. Life-role readiness is defined as the possession of the knowledge, attitudes, and skills necessary for effective life-role participation. Life-role salience, cultural influences on life-role salience, and specific activities to foster life-role readiness are addressed. Interventions are identified for each topic.     

Teacher action research as Bildung: An application of Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics to teacher professional development

Teacher action research seeks to bring together action, reflection, theory, and practice; and it is acknowledged as a way to value and honour teachers’ practical knowledge. The purpose of this article is to conceptualize teacher action research as Bildung, applying Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics as a theoretical framework. Based on five teachers’ lived experiences of conducting action research in their classrooms, this study explores how teachers go through the process of the development of the self as a teacher, furthering themselves as professionals through action research. It aims at understanding the role of action research as Bildung, one’s inner process of formation and cultivation of self, to shed light on teacher professional development as a hermeneutical and ontological practice.     

Action research in initial teacher education: an explorative study

The aim of the study was to describe students’ and teacher educators’ practical experience with action research and to identify a number of special points for consideration (opportunities and limitations) which could play a role in putting research into practice in concrete terms in the courses. Students and teacher educators on three Dutch initial teacher education programmes which treat action research as both a means of professional development and a necessary professional qualification were involved. These were programmes for specific teaching levels and subjects in Dutch schools. Four special points for consideration are identified: action research and the educational core qualifications of the profession; difference between action research by student teachers during their initial education and experienced teachers in their own workplace; students’ mixed experiences and perceptions of research; and embedded research‐based activities in the programme. The authors conclude that action research should be considered from different perspectives: as a professional approach, a body of skills that is needed to make the connection between knowing that and knowing why; and as a way of improving practice by systematically building up practice‐based knowledge.     

质性评价的有效尝试:通过学生成长记录袋实现评定的发展性功能

现代教育评价强调要在日常教育教学中发挥评价的激励和发展功能，学生成长记录袋正是适应这种要求的一种质性评定方法。本文以国内外成功经验的基础，介绍了学生 成长记录袋的理论背景与主要特征，并探讨了通过行动研究推进这种方法的具体策略。     

教育叙事:培养教师教育研究的契机

长期以来我国教师教育研究处于一种浅表的状态。培养教师教育研究必须充分考虑到教师的实践智慧,深化教育理论和教育实践的关联,营造教师教育研究的人文和科学氛围。教育叙事可以为教师参与教育研究提供丰富的研究素材,促进教师专业发展,深化教师教育研究的方式,从而为培养教师教育研究提供契机。     

促进校本课程开发：香港课堂学习研究的经验

课堂学习研究是一种校本行动研究,主要由同科同级的教师针对学生的学习难点,以变易理论为指导设计教学方案,并由不同教师轮流施教、检讨教学成效并提出改善方案。课堂学习研究不但有助于教师的专业发展和提升,而且还利于推动校本课程的开发,包括加深教师对学生学习情况的了解,对现有教学内容和教材进行客观验证和有效调整以及激励教师开发和尝试新的教学方法和策略。     

Universities,civil society and the global agenda of community-engaged research

This article explores a key point of tension in contemporary discussions of community-university research engagement. Two perspectives are discussed. The first suggests that changes in the nature and structure of research have helped create democratic research spaces and opportunities within the university for communities. In this emerging (global) knowledge democracy movement, community-based researchers are increasingly seeking to connect lessons learned in local settings to the global context. The second perspective situates such developments in the context of the knowledge economy of higher education and suggests that community engagement is also developing in a manner that supports the advance of knowledge capitalism. The decisive tension is that universities around the world are being encouraged by governments to assume greater responsibility for economic development and to translate knowledge into products and services for the market – whilst at the same time being tasked to work with communities in alleviating the social and economic excesses of the market.     

新课程背景下教师行动研究存在的问题及对策

在新课程背景下,我国中小学教师开展的行动研究还存在一些问题:诸如,功利性研究、一般性的交流和结果性的反思以及表面性的改进等,教师应克服“功利性”研究的思想,培养合作意识,加强反思实践能力的培养,扩大教师的研究视野。     

Risk of Domestic Violence After Natural Disaster

Abstract

This paper describes the use of a participatory action research model to teach undergraduate social work research and statistics. Strategies of the model include (1) integration with social work education, (2) policy analysis, (3) literature review, (4) collaboration with practitioners, (5) collaboration with the target population through qualitative research, (6) quantitative study, (7) ongoing social action efforts, and (8) evaluation. An example is used of a project addressing a community problem with increased domestic violence during recovery from natural disaster.     

Curriculum and assessment for the knowledge society: interrogating experiences in the Republic of Ireland and Queensland,Australia

The ‘knowledge society’ has become a central discourse within educational reform. This article posits that the impact of the knowledge society discourse on curriculum and assessment has led to the emergence of what the authors term a new-form/re-form curriculum, and it asks whether what is transacting in contemporary movements in curriculum is less the reform of curriculum and more the emergence of a new-form/re-form curriculum. What is emerging is well beyond the discussions of outcomes and curriculum alignment that characterised much curriculum reform effort in the late 1990s. In this new-form/re-form curriculum ‘content’ is displaced by ‘skills’ and ‘knowledge acquisition’ by ‘learning’. Curriculum coverage is replaced by learner engagement. In this context, assessment also begins to take on new-form/re-form. Assessment now engages and promotes learning as process rather than as product. Two cases – the Republic of Ireland and Queensland, Australia – are analysed and compared to illustrate this shift in the conceptualisation of curriculum and assessment. Consideration is given to the possibility that this new-form/re-form curriculum represents a settlement in the contestation associated with learning outcomes and their perceived technical rationality and market focus. The paper concludes that the new-form/re-form curriculum is emerging in locations as diverse as Ireland and Queensland.     

Interpretive validity theory: mapping a methodology for validating educational assessments

Background:?Validity theory has evolved significantly over the past 30 years in response to the increased use of assessments across scientific, social and educational settings. The overarching trajectory of this evolution reflects a shift from a purely quantitative, positivistic approach to a conception of validity reliant on the interpretation of multiple evidence sources integrated into validity arguments. Moreover, within contemporary validity, interpretation has been emphasised as a central process; however, despite this emphasis, there have been few explicit articulations of specific interpretive methodologies applicable to the practice of validation.

Purpose:?To link contemporary theoretical foundations in validity to practical methods and structures to help guide the collection and analysis of interpretive validity evidence. By building upon existing validity theory, this paper aims to provide greater clarity on the practice of validation and contribute toward the larger developing framework for the validation of educational assessments.

Source of evidence:?An interdisciplinary, integrative review of over 60 research articles and sources related to the theory and practice of educational validation and interpretive inquiry approaches. Sources include literature from the fields of educational assessment and more broadly social scientific research.

Main argument:?As assessments in education increasingly aim to measure complex constructs that are value-laden and socially dependant, validity theory must keep pace and evolve in ways that address the inherent complexities associated with contemporary educational assessment. Through this paper, I assert that a greater understanding of interpretive methodologies represents one of the most promising areas for development of validation theory and practice. Specifically, I argue that dialectic, hermeneutic and transgressive forms of inquiry can be integrated within current argument-based structures for the collection, analysis and representation of validity evidence in several useful ways.

Conclusions:?Interpretive inquiry processes, namely dialectic, hermeneutic and transgressive forms of interpretation, serve to expand validation practice to include diverse evidences for the generation of multiple-perspective validity arguments. The paper concludes with specific implications for future research and practice within the field of interpretive validity theory.