Developing a Professional Identity as an Elementary Teacher of Nature of Science: A self-study of becoming an elementary teacher

This study explores the development of professional identity as a teacher of nature of science (NOS). Our research question was ‘How can a teacher develop a professional identity as an elementary teacher of NOS?' Through a researcher log, videotaped lessons, and collection of student work, we were able to track efforts in teaching NOS as part of regular classroom practice. A team of four researchers interpreted the data through the Beijaard et al. professional identity framework and found that it was not as simple and straightforward to teach NOS as we predicted. Development of professional identity as a teacher of NOS was influenced by contextual factors such as students, administration, and time, as well as personal struggles that were fraught with emotion. Development took place through an interpretation and reinterpretation of self through external factors and others' perceptions, as well as the influence of sub-identities.     

A Caring Teacher: Explorations into primary school teachers' professional identity and ethic of care

This article explores primary school teachers' conceptions of caring within teaching and discusses the relevance of an ethic of care for teaching. Thirty-two Swiss and English primary school teachers participated in this exploratory study. The methodology included semi-structured interviews as well as image-based approaches employing photographs and drawings. Caring within teaching can be understood in a range of ways: caring as commitment, caring as relatedness, caring as physical care, caring as expressing affection, such as giving a cuddle, caring as parenting and caring as mothering. The author suggests that these definitions of caring within teaching can be placed along a continuum. Caring understood as mothering at one end of this continuum is distinctly associated with traditional Western notions of femininities whereas caring as commitment is non-gender-specific. Caring as relatedness can be linked with the concept of ethic of care, which has been conceptualised as a moral perspective more often held by women. The findings of this study challenge this view, as an ethic of care understood as responsibility for and relatedness to their pupils emerged amongst men as well as women.     

《孟子》中的“其”字

《孟子》中的“其”字总共出现571次,其中,用作代词的频率最高,为534次。用作语气词为32次。用作连词为5次。其中用作代词的情况最为复杂,包括用作人称代词、用作指示代词、用作兼语、用作作为造句成分的主谓结构的主语、用在数词前,表示“其中之……”或用在表示顺序的词前,表示顺序．“其”用作语气词,我们可以将它分为“语气副词”和“语气助词”。“其”字用作连词,有时表示假设关系,有时表示选择关系。     

"以心为乐":李渔的养生美学观

李渔把“以心为乐”作为他养生的美学观,这既是李渔人生观的一种表现,又是他修心养性的方法。“以心为乐”的养生美学观中,包含着中国文化中许多传统的哲学思想,李渔既延承着前人的思想,又融会贯通,将自己的生活经验掺和其中,因此形成了他独特的养生方法。     

新时期高校图书馆对学生读者的导向作用

本文以新时期高校图书馆作为研究平台,以学生读者作为研究对象,以工作实践和较普遍的现象作为研究内容,以导向措施作为切入点,论述了现代图书馆“以人为本”“服务至上”的图书馆工作理念,探索了图书馆和学生读者互动发展的思路。     

How teachers become action researchers and how teacher educators become their facilitators

The article contributes to the theory of action research by focusing upon kinds of action an individual may undertake in relation to their research endeavour. The article explores action as illusion, as occurring at different speeds according to context, as ‘cure’, as repair to maintain a system, as system improvement, as border skirmishes, as deconstruction and as stealth action. Each of these kinds of action has implications for the action researcher seeking to bring about change. The article explores the ways in which the action researcher can challenge the status quo and bring about creative, educative, democratic frameworks for living in society.     

读书札记二则

罗常培先生在《唐五代西北方音》中分析汉藏对音材料时说,喻母三等的“往”本该读Ф,但在阿弥陀经中却象微母字一样读‘bwan,那是“误作”。而在今天的西安、渭南、富平等将微母与喻母分读的方言区,本该’Ф的“往”却象微母字一样读作了v声母。由此我们推测,大概早在唐五代时期,“往”在西北地区就：行了唇音声母的读法;陕北延川等地的“齐、净、栈、寨、歌谣”这些形容词或名词性词语,均有动词用法。并且,这些动词用法亦见于古代典籍。     

船山之诗歌节奏观简议

船山诗学将诗歌视为以乐章美为核心的审美整体。这一乐章美效果是通过多层次的节奏运动来实现的,主要表现为诗歌的意义节奏、语体节奏和情感节奏三层。具体来说,在船山诗论中,诗歌的整体音乐性被视为一种基本的诗歌特质,可看作一种本体,三种节奏作为诗歌音乐性的重要表征,可视为具体的"用"。在这个"一体三用"的关系中,作为诗歌之"体"的音乐性对各种节奏有统摄作用,作为具体之"用"的不同节奏则对诗歌的音乐性有凸显作用。     

‘When I am being rushed it slows down my brain’: constructing self-understandings as a mathematics learner

Understanding learning disabilities (LDs) as constructed through multiple cultural practices including discourse, this paper focuses on a Latino middle school student with a LD named Elijah. This study documents both the discourses and practices used to position Elijah as a mathematics learner, as well as his use of similar discourses as he constructs a complex set of self-understandings as a mathematics learner. Elijah is positioned by discourses that prioritise speed as an indicator of mathematical ability, as well as discourses that construct students with LD as having both intelligence and differences such as processing speed. An analysis of interview and observational data suggests that Elijah constructed a unique set of self-understandings as a mathematics learner. Like his sixth-grade special education teacher, Elijah seems to differentiate between knowledge and the performance of knowledge in school. He created a unique identity as both ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ in mathematics, rejecting the binary found in many mathematics classrooms. These findings suggest that multiple discourses circulate in schools about ability and disability in mathematics.     

Understanding Periodicity as a Process with a Gestalt Structure

This paper presents a two phase investigation of how Israeli students (grades 3 to 12) understand the concept of periodicity. Qualitative study, including classroom observations, as well as interviews with students and with teachers, was performed as a first phase. Quantitative study, including a survey of 895 eleventh grade students, was performed as a second phase. Students' errors in relating to non-periodic phenomena and to non-periodic function as periodic, as well as their period preferment, were revealed in both phases and were classified. The evidence supports the claim that students understand periodicity as a process. The students' errors and preferences are discussed with reference to two frameworks: (1) the understanding of periodicity as a process, (2) the Gestalt theory.     

作为方法的教育学

教育学作为一门学科蕴含三层旨趣,即作为课程的教育学、作为理论的教育学与作为方法的教育学。目前作为课程的教育学已基本成熟,作为理论的教育学也处在发展中,但作为方法的教育学才刚刚萌芽。教育学只有在“课程”与“理论”之外,在学科方法以及方法论的基础上发展出独特的学科视界与理解方式,才能称之为完备的学术性学科。文章认为,成熟的教育学不仅意味着一门课程、一种理论,而且代表着一种方法、一种思维方式。     

论"反班级"型非正式组织及其教育策略

在学校管理中，不管是教育行政主管部门还是学校管理部门，对班级正式组织的管理与研究都是十二分的重视。如对班主任、班级设计、班级机构等正式组织的研究．成果不少，但对非正式组织的关注明显不够，笔者即以此为切入点，对非正式组织进行了比较详尽的分析，特别是对班级管理有较大反作用力的“反班级”型非正式组织进行了解剖，着重分析“反班级”型非正式组织的类型、结构特点、形成原因、及其转化的教育策略等，突出“反班级”型非正式组织在整个班级建设、学校管理中的非一般的影响力。     

Images of teacher, students, and the classroom held by preservice and in-service educators of students who are deaf or hard of hearing

A sample of 163 preservice and in-service teachers of deaf and hard-of-hearing students was surveyed on perceptions of the roles of teacher, students, and the classroom. The participants' perceptions were examined utilizing the Survey of Practical Knowledge (SPK) designed and developed by the researcher for the study. The SPK asked the participants to respond to different "images" of teachers, students, and classrooms. Through factor analysis, the following images were generated: the teacher as artisan, the teacher as custodian, the student as subordinate, the student as peer, the classroom as arena, and the classroom as refuge. Beginning education students, graduating education students, novice teachers, and experienced teachers were assessed on their endorsement of those images. Beginning education students tended to view students more as peers than members of the other three groups. In-service teachers were more consistent and flexible in their images than preservice teachers were. Deaf and hard-of-hearing teachers viewed students more as subordinates than did hearing teachers. The dominant view among the study participants conceptualized the teacher as artisan, the students as subordinates, and the classroom as a refuge.     

陕西方言“说”字等的读音

本文讨论陕西方言对知照两系及日母逢入声薛药觉韵有关字的读音问题,其中牵扯“说（～话）”字以及“卓戳硕若”等北京翘舌音声拼[uo]韵母字的读音问题。“说”字在米脂等处读作入声,关中以及陕南山阳等处读作阴平调,陕南的西南官话读作阳平调,白河方言读作去声调,商南读作阴去调。“说”字的声韵组合很复杂,例如关中方言区西安等。“设摄涉赊奢”等字同音。陕北晋语以及宜川等处亦如读本文所讨论的“卓戳硕若”等字,关中多数方言点读这些字为平舌音声母拼以[Ц]为介音的音节。蓝田等处“卓戳硕”等字读作平舌音声母。     

基于体验学习的课堂文化建设

基于体验学习的课堂文化是体验学习与课堂文化的有机结合,它承载着自主性、生活性、超越性、交往性等文化品质。建设这样的课堂文化,从内容上来说,就是要建设以体验为目标、以体验为中介、以体验为过程、以体验为结果的课堂文化;从策略上来说,就是要坚持以体验学习观为指导,以课堂形态的转向为依据,以建设者的文化自觉为驱动。     

论王安忆《启蒙时代》的叙事艺术

小说的叙事艺术包括宏观结构中的脉络和主线,以及微观结构中的插曲、意象和道具等诸多元素。王安忆的长篇小说《启蒙时代》综合使用了这些叙事元素,小说以主人公南昌的精神成长为主线,以小市民阿明的故事为插曲,以“光”为意象,以“书”为道具,使得全篇结构浑融契合,细致绵密,从而使作品呈现出丰富多样的美学和思想价值。     

豫北地区猪源致病性大肠杆菌分离与鉴定

从豫北地区发病猪场采得144份仔猪黄、白痢检样，共分离出大肠杆菌63株，经血清学试验鉴定为O2 8株、O139 8株、O101 7株、O138 7株、O20 6株、O60 6株、O95株、O45 3株、O63 3株、O141 2株、O149 2株、O147 1株、O8 1株，另有4株未能定型，以O2，O139，O101，O138，O20，O60，O9等株血清型占优势。对不同分离株进行了药敏试验。本研究结果为豫北地区致病性猪大肠杆菌药物敏感性试验和多价灭活苗的制作提供了基础，对指导规模化养猪场大肠杆菌病综合防治模式的制定，对预防猪大肠杆菌病具有重要意义。     

论现代汉语非名宾动词

论文根据对大约六百个动词的考察，认为现代汉语中有44个狭义非名宾动词、五百多个广义非名宾动词。这些非名宾动词可以按照功能性质进行分类，其中狭义非名宾动词可以分成4类，广义非名宾动词可以分成9类。通过分类描写，证实了这类动词的存在，真实地反映了它们的全貌。     

科学的教学观先进的方法论--蔡澄清语文教育思想述评

全国著名中学语文特级教师蔡澄清的语文教育思想的主要内容包括：学科性质上的工具观和整体论；教育任务上的素质观和创造论；教学目标上的能力观和转化论；教学过程上的实践观和训练论；教学方法上的主体观和点拨论。     

以易为宗—《横渠易说》易象研究

横渠易学作为宋易的重要组成部分,张横渠在建易时在参考、吸收汉易的基础上提出了自己独特的易学观,文章从物象与易象,易象与气象,太极易象三部分分析得出象在《周易》中有可见的象,有不可见的象。可见的象,即为物象;不可见的象,即为爻象。爻象虽不可见,但其性有阴阳,故而我们可以通过观察卦中的阴阳爻来体悟和感受吉凶变化、悔吝刚柔。太极是《易传》中的一个概念,张载以此作为太虚之气的称谓。太极作为《周易》中的一个最大的象,象的作用在于表意。张载取太极易象在于以此以象太虚,以象徵“合两”之性。