哈珀校长的办学理念和教育实践

哈珀校长是美国芝加哥大学的首任校长,他博学智慧,富有创造力和管理才能。在担任芝加哥大学校长的15年中,哈珀励精图治,大胆创新,使芝加哥大学在短时间内跃居美国一流的大学之列。哈珀校长的大学自治和学术自由理念贯穿在整个大学建立、发展和完善的过程之中。在大学成立之初,他就制定了严密的哈珀计划,并以此为纲领逐步实践对芝加哥大学的改造。哈珀校长的教育理念对当今大学校长的治校实践具有一定的启示作用。     

A Helper of Oracle Fulfillment——Jocasta: Enslaved Female Image by Patriarchy Society

Oedipus the King is regarded as one of the most famous plays written by Sophocles.The play is about Oedipus who is doomed to the fate that was predicted by the Oracle at Delphi before his birth.As an important character of Oedipus the King,Jocasta was the mother of her husband and wife of her son,her fate made audience sigh or even cry.But,The Oracle fulfillment—Oedipus killed father and married mother not just caused by Oedipus himself,also created by his father Laius and his mother Jocasta.In this article,the author tries to express that Jocasta was a helper of the Oracle fulfillment,she was a selfish mother and careless wife whose thoughts enslaved by the Patriarchy society.     

杜威的教育学理想

19世纪末到20世纪初是美国教育学科的构建时代,作为学科构建的最重要领航者,杜威的相关言说和行动,一方面是我们了解当时教育学科构建和发展样态不可或缺的资源,另一方面,也是我们检验当代教育学科发展变化的一种参照。杜威在其相关的三个重要文献中,以及在芝加哥大学创建教育系、实验学校和教育学院的实践中,体现了他对教育学科的基本看法和设想,即创建一种“统一的教育科学”。这是杜威赋予教育学的一种理想,然而这一理想在当时的种种现实条件下还难以实现。     

呐喊自由——从查泰莱男爵的残疾来看查泰莱夫人婚外恋的合理性

从三个方面来分析查泰莱夫人———康妮(Connie)是怎样在丈夫的虐待下产生了对自由生活的向往,并最终选择了最引人争议的方式———婚外恋来获得最终的解脱这一结果的合理性。     

Editorial

The first meeting of the Religious Education Association took place in Chicago in 1903, largely under the inspiration of University of Chicago president William Raney Harper. John Dewey and George Albert Coe were other prominent participants in those early days. The Religious Education journal emerged in 1906, primarily publishing papers presented at REA conferences. To mark this centennial year in the life of the REA and the field it has helped to define, the fall 2003 issue of the journal will be entirely comprised of papers reflecting on the past 100 years of the REA and the field of religious education, and challenges and possibilities for the future.     

芝加哥大学哈珀校长的办学理念及治校举措

大学校长的办学理念对大学的改革和发展起着至关重要的作用。哈珀作为芝加哥大学的首任校长,其办学理念对芝加哥大学的定位和发展有着深远的影响。在哈珀执校的十五年间,芝加哥大学迅速跻身于世界一流大学的行列。追溯哈珀校长的成功经验对我国大学校长办学理念的构建具有一定的启示作用。     

社会民主进程中的学校重建——杜威教育思想中的一个核心主题

社会民主与学校重建的关系是杜威教育思想中的一个核心主题。工业革命以及随之引起的在科技、交通、政治、经济、文化等社会诸领域的全面变革,对美国民主构成了严峻挑战。从哲学高度,深入反思学校如何重建和变革,以在美国社会的民主进程中扮演更为积极、有为的角色,成为一个重大而紧迫的时代课题。杜威从教育的角度,重构了民主概念,主张学校应超越旧个人主义的狭隘性,通过主动作业培养未来公民的民主意识和社会精神。20世纪20年代前后,杜威的教育思想发生转向,对制度化教育在社会民主进程中的功能的有限性的认识更为清晰,但终其一生,杜威都未曾放弃对学校重建问题的关心。杜威有关民主和学校重建关系问题的思想十分深刻,超越了杰斐逊和贺拉斯·曼等前人,影响了克伯屈和拉格等社会改造主义教育家。在美国教育史中,杜威是一位继往开来的大师。     

A Quick E-mail（高一适用）

Mr Lynch left the snow-filled streets of Chicago for a vacation in Florida. His wife was on a business trip and was planning to meet him there the next day. When he reached his hotel, he decided to send his wife a quick E-mail. Unable to find the piece of paper on which he had written her E-mail address, he did his best to type it in from memory.     

The Impact of Centers and Institutes on Faculty Life: Findings from a Study of Life Sciences Faculty at Research-Intensive Universities’ Medical Schools

This article reports on the impact of organized research centers on professional effort, productivity, and perceptions of work satisfaction for life sciences faculty members at research intensive universities’ medical schools in the U.S. Results indicate that senior center-affiliated faculty members taught less but worked more total hours than peers not affiliated with centers. Senior affiliated faculty members were more productive than their non-affiliated peers and were more likely to be principal investigators on externally funded grants. Center-affiliated faculty members were more likely to be dissatisfied with their mix of activities and workload but more likely to be satisfied with job security and autonomy. Implications beyond this context are suggested. Sarah A. Bunton is a Senior Research Associate at the Association of American Medical Colleges in Washington DC. She received her B.A. from the University of Chicago, her M.A. from the University of Minnesota, and her Ph.D. in higher educational policy also from the University of Minnesota. Her research interests include postsecondary faculty work life and satisfaction, higher education organization, and student development. William T. Mallon is Assistant Vice President and Director of Organization and Management Studies at the Association of American Medical Colleges. Dr. Mallon received his B.A. and M.A. from the University of Richmond and his M.Ed. and Ed.D. in higher education policy from Harvard University. His research interests focus on the ways in which academic medical centers recruit and retain faculty and administrative leaders and the interorganizational relationships among medical schools, teaching hospitals, and parent universities.     

Dewey’s Link with Daoism: Ideals of nature,cultivation practices,and applications in lessons

This article explores the pedagogical implications of John Dewey’s claim that his definition of experience is shared by Daoists. It compares characteristics of experience with those in Daoism, and then considers the similarities and differences between key cultivation practices each proposes, focusing on the roles of the teacher and sage. My main reference to Daoism is the translation of the Daodejing by Roger Ames and David Hall, who use Dewey’s conception of experience to explain the character of Daoism. There are two facts that Dewey chooses to define experience and link with Daoism—what it is not, and what it is. Comparisons of these facts with Daoism support Dewey’s claim: both define the ‘what is’ as the principle of unity of opposites. While sharing this view, their proposals for its cultivation reveal similarities, but also some significant differences. The Daodejing gives the Daoist sage a major role to play in the cultivation process of other persons, as does Dewey for the teacher. However, unlike Dewey’s teacher who guides the process, the sage is to create a cultivating environment, thus allowing the sage to ‘let go.’ The Daoist practices offer new ideas to consider in the quest for experience in lessons.     

Why some school subjects have a higher status than others: The epistemology of the traditional curriculum hierarchy

Inherent in most school curricula is some sort of curriculum hierarchy—that is, an assumption that some school subjects are more valuable than others. This paper examines the epistemological assumptions that underpin one such curriculum hierarchy, which I refer to as ‘the traditional curriculum hierarchy’. It is a pervasive and problematic idea which maintains that supposedly abstract school subjects, like mathematics and physics, are more valuable than subjects associated with concrete experience, practicality and the body, such as physical education and vocational subjects. Drawing on Dewey, an alternative, non-hierarchical theory of curriculum will be proposed. Contrary to common misinterpretations of his ideas, it is argued that Dewey did not prioritise student interests over disciplinary content. Dewey proposed a curriculum grounded in authentic social problems that required students to draw simultaneously on knowledge and methods from multiple disciplines in an interconnected manner in order to work through such problems. Current policies and initiatives, especially the Australian national curriculum and the English Baccalaureate, are discussed.     

An inner‐city school mentor: a narrative inquiry of the life experiences of ‘Daddy’

A two‐year ethnographic observation of an inner‐city high school in Los Angeles, USA, indicated that the principal, who was extremely dedicated to at‐risk students and possessed a unique style of mentoring, played a major role in students academic achievement. We — the principal and the researcher who observed the school – inquired about the principal’s life experiences through interviews of the principal, his family members, school staff and students. We realized that the principal’s mentoring style coincided with the notion of a contemporary father model — a deeply involved and nurturing parent who establishes reciprocal caring relationships with his children. We also discovered that the principal gained knowledge about mentoring from his own mentors, and his commitment to at‐risk inner‐city students resulted from his personal experience as an at‐risk immigrant student.     

Middle leaders in successful and less successful schools

ABSTRACT

All large high schools have teachers in middle tier roles who help run the school, and subject leaders (SLs) who engage in administrative and pedagogical practices to improve departmental achievements. By applying structuration theory (Giddens, 1984. The constitution of society: Outline of the theory of structuration. Berkeley, CA: University of California.) we seek to understand how rules, resources, and structural position enable SLs to contribute to school effectiveness. A multi-case study method was employed to study 12 SLs from two effective schools and two less effective schools. Interviews, observations, and document analysis served as data collecting tools. The findings indicate that all the SLs engage in administrative practices but in different ways. The SLs in the less effective schools devoted much more time to such practices and much less to pedagogical practices than the SLs in the effective schools, which provided clearer rules and sufficient resources. We conclude that on the pyramid of school needs, administrative practices are more basic for school effectiveness, and only after this is achieved can SLs devote time to satisfy pedagogical needs. However, the ability of SLs to satisfy administrative needs depends to a large extent on the principal providing them with the necessary rules and resources. Further theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

The Chautauqua vision of liberal education

Chautauqua (1874‐present) was founded in western New York state, USA. It developed into a centre for education, religion, arts and recreation. Examined here is the philosophy of its programmes: liberal education for adults, regardless of background. The backdrop for Chautauqua was the US tradition of popular self‐improvement; local clienteles were already eager to improve themselves. Cofounders John H. Vincent and Lewis Miller upheld the liberal education philosophy of the day, but with an evangelical Protestant Christian purpose behind it. During the Chautauqua movement of the later nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, its radical innovations spread internationally. Vincent’s Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle (CLSC) was the first major correspondence school in the USA. William Rainey Harper, founding president of the University of Chicago, incorporated the key Chautauquan ideas of summer sessions, correspondence study, extension courses and university press in his master plan (1892). George E. Vincent led Chautauqua Institution (1907‐1915), yet his vision of liberal education emphasized current events and social issues—setting the tone through the rest of the twentieth century up to today. Ironically, the movement was both international and local; democratic, but white and middle‐class; feminine, though liberal education was a male pursuit; and celebrated scholars lectured, yet the academic programmes were considered superficial.     

教育理念的凝炼与个性化办学思想的生成

建设中国特色社会主义事业迫切需要造就一大批教育家型校长。而拥有独特的教育理念和个性化的办学思想是教育家型校长的重要特征。本文主要围绕中学校长＂凝炼教育理念和办学思想的必要性、理念的内涵、以及如何提炼教育理念和形成办学思想＂等方面进行了论述。     

Income,ideology and childhood reading in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries

In 1896, John Dewey opened the Laboratory School at the University of Chicago. While much is known about this legendary school and its founder, the teachers whose daily work brought the school to life remain mostly anonymous. This essay attempts to remedy this historical invisibility by investigating four of the Laboratory School teachers – Anna Camp, Katherine Camp, Althea Harmer and Mary Hill – in order to more fully understand this experimental school. The teachers’ personal correspondence and published writings evoke a vital collection of educators whose interests and passions connected them to other centers of innovation in Chicago and elsewhere in the nation. This investigation of the teachers thus fills out our understanding of the history of this innovative institution and of the developing pragmatist ideas of its time, and establishes their centrality to the ideas and practices of the Laboratory School.     

百年以来俄罗斯学者对杜威教学论思想的曲折认知与评价

20世纪以来,苏联及俄罗斯对杜威及其教学论思想的认知与评价经过了一个大起大落的曲折历程:从20年代的极力推崇,到30年代开始猛烈批判,50—60年代的评价落入低谷,80年代至世纪末又开始回暖。进入21世纪,俄罗斯学者在新的历史条件下,以更加客观的态度研究与解析杜威的教学论思想,对其进行重新解读和再认识。出现这种曲折认识的重要原因是:苏联曾一度过分注重以意识形态为标准对人进行评价,乃至将这一评价标准推向极端,从而对杜威及其教育教学思想的评价有失客观与公正。在新的时代,教育理论研究和教育实践健康发展的基石是“寻找契合点(或平衡点)”,这要求教育工作者摒弃那种非此即彼的思维方式。     

School‐based Management — pointing directions for twenty‐first century elementary and middle school principals

As man rushes to the dawn of the twenty‐first century, his society and our own system of education are engulfed in widespread changes. One of these provocative changes is the new move to the site‐based management concept whereby principals become the chief school officers of their own school site. The school principal, in essence, is to have complete control and responsibility over his/her school — the superintendent does not dictate, but rather, negotiates all school business with his principals. In light of this new movement, these two authors draw a parallel between past and present expectations of building principals and submit a planning model for on‐site managerial administrators to inspect, study and implement in accordance with their own needs. The reader is provided with an array of perspectives with which on‐site administrators must deal if total assumption of school‐site business and school programming becomes a reality in the USA and universally.     

The educational situation: As concerns the elementary school

In 1894, when John Dewey came to Chicago, US educational leaders were reshaping the elementary school, high school, and college, institutions initially aimed at different social groups, into three 'levels' of a more integrated K-16 system. At the same time, Dewey's fellow reformers were furthering the 'new education' by advocating activity-based, cooperative subjects, including nature study and manual arts for the elementary school curriculum. In The School and Society (1899), Dewey addressed the two problems of how to integrate practical co-operative activities with academic subject matters and how to connect the subject matters and learning methods of the three educational 'levels' to provide continuity throughout the curriculum and between it and out-of-school experience. The School and Society, one of the best known of Dewey's early educational writings, argued that the success of 'new education' was 'inevitable', because it was 'part and parcel of the whole social evolution'. Dewey noted that the opportunities children previously possessed for practical learning in home and neighbourhood production had been eliminated once production moved to urban factories. The earlier common schools had merely added a layer of literacy and numeracy to the base of practical thinking abilities formed outside of school. Schools in the industrial city, however, simply had to provide these opportunities themselves. Dewey's conception of experience-based practical learning to form habits of inquiry and co-operation securing democratic life was a masterful synthesis of the 'new education', and The School and Society became an educational classic inspiring educators for a century. The Educational Situation (1902), by contrast, has received little attention. The tone is decidedly less upbeat. Far from proving 'inevitable', Dewey says, the 'new education' has come up against unanticipated obstacles because it is not an 'organic part' of the 'educational whole'. The institution, he says, remains structured by mechanical features of school organization and administration that determine educational experience 'even on its distinctively educational side'. The new education will fail unless educators can put in place a new organizational and administrative structure that both conforms with the external realities of industrial society and supports new experienced-based learning activities. The three chapters of The Educational Situation analyse the difficulties inherent in fundamental structural change, and propose structural reforms for the elementary school, high school, and college. In chapter 1, which originally appeared in 1901 as a separate essay and is reprinted here, Dewey carefully delineates the interplay between organizational and administrative structures and curriculum. His analysis of the problem of curriculum change anticipates the contemporary work of such scholars as John W. Meyer, Robert Dreeben, and 388 j. dewey Larry Cuban-and defines an issue which, arguably, has not been explored as systematically in the 100 years that have followed the publication of The Educational Situatio. Leonard J. Waks     

杜威的教育目的观之再思考

杜威将实用主义哲学与美国教育实际相结合提出了"教育无目的论",这一观点有其深刻的社会背景和哲学及社会思想渊源,它批判了儿童本位论、社会本位论等教育目的观。杜威并不是否认教育目的的存在,而是反对强制性的外在目的。杜威的教育目的观有很多积极的现代价值值得我们去思考。