Culturally responsive teaching in special education for ethnically diverse students: Setting the stage

Two major premises are developed in this discussion. One is that many students of color are disproportionately assigned to special education because educators lack knowledge about or appreciation for their cultural values and socialization, and how these affect learning behaviors. The other premise is that the educational quality of students of color in both special and regular education can be improved significantly by using instructional programs and practices that reflect their cultural heritages, experiences, and perspectives. Several components of this ''culturally responsive teaching'' are explained, along with some research findings about its effects on student achievement. These include critical cultural consciousness of teachers; culturally pluralistic classroom climates; diverse communities of learners; and multicultural curriculum and instruction. The author concludes that without culturally responsive teaching education can never be the best it should be for students who are not part of the majority and mainstream of schools and society.     

中国一流大学个性化教育的理论基础与现实困境

个性化教育是富有中国文化和教育传统的思想,也是中外学界公认的21世纪国际教育发展趋势之一。本文从教育活动三大主体层面分别探讨我国现行一流大学个性化教育的实践现状及存在问题。在理念层面,我国一流大学的个性化教育要继承并创新中国既有“因材施教”的教育传统;在实践层面,要突破目前主要集中在少数学业优秀学生群体、具有明显选拔性的做法,走向更具普惠性、面向所有学生的探索性实践。为此,建议一流大学在政策和制度层面,完善生师多元评价系统,以撬动个性化教育理念的落实;重塑整全的个性化教育体系,使个性化教育实践从培养特区向全员全段式发展;加强与基础教育改革的合作,在更大范围内带动个性化教育向各学级和全教育场域渗透。     

以人为本的学生评价理念在高职语文教学中的应用

“以人为本”的学生评价是一种先进的评价理念,它综合了人本主义教育理论评价现以及多元智能理论评价观中诸多合理因素,主张在评价主体、评价内容、评价方式等方面坚持多元化的评价原则,有利于促进学生的全面发展。在高职语文教学中实践中,应积极运用“以人为本”的学生评价理念,探索促进高职学生发展的评价方式和评价方法。     

乌江流域民族地区教育发展的规律、特点及启示

从教育发展和演变的历程看,乌江流域民族地区教育发展的规律有四:第一,乌江流域民族地区教育是多元一体教育;第二,教育的发展与政治和经济息息相关;第三,本地区的教育是由传统教育和学校教育两条主线组成;第四,要抓好民族地区教育发展必须从本地区的实际出发。该地区教育发展具有历史悠久、政府重视、整体落后、阶段起伏、区域差距等特点。乌江流域民族地区教育发展的历史留给人们的启示是:各级领导高度重视是根本保证;加强教师队伍建设是关键;引进优秀人才是重要措施;增加教育经费投入是基本保障;各级政府和社会力量共同办学是必要措施;努力提高教育教学质量是核心。     

教育法典化视角下教育法律行为 概念的界定与澄清

“教育（法律）行为”概念的引入有利于促进教育法的体系化与法典化、整合各类教育法上的行为，并弥补现有概念工具的不足。然而，学界对教育行为、教育法律行为的具体内涵及其相互关系仍缺乏深入讨论。其一，教育行为概念的用法存在广义与狭义的区别；其二，教育法律行为概念的界定系由传统法理学上的法律行为转变而来，过于简单，难以揭示各类教育行为的共同本质，难以承担建构教育法内在体系的功能，也难以彰显教育法的独特价值追求。为构建具有普适性的教育法行为概念，应将教育行为界定为与教育有关的一切活动，包括教育法律行为与教育事实行为。对于教育法律行为来说，“直接产生法律效果”是其法律本质，“促进人的全面发展（教育性）”则是其根本目标。因此，可以将教育法律行为界定为：教育法律规范调整的，法律主体基于教育性目的所作出的直接产生法律效果的行为。     

学生消费者：域外争鸣与本土启示

20世纪中后期，在消费主义思潮、新公共管理主义以及全面质量管理理论的共同作用下，“学生消费者”成为西方高等教育变革的重要产物。西方学者围绕“学生消费者”形成了支持与批判两派理论，支持派认为“学生消费者”在提高高等教育管理效率、规范教师教学行为以及促进教育过程民主化等方面具有积极功用，批判派则提出“学生消费者”引发了学习动机功利、学习分数膨胀、学术标准下降以及学习体验失真等一系列教育问题。在消费主义思潮影响下，我国本科教育人才培养实践陆续出现一系列“学生消费者”倾向：一方面高等院校开始关注学生就读诉求与学生满意度，另一方面“文凭至上”“考证热”“水课”“清考”等负面产物也逐渐浮现。当下破解我国本科教育的现实问题、实现创建一流本科教育目标需从重新审视我国本科教育发展价值观，重视课堂教学质量提升，平衡专业教育与通识教育以及改善本科教育质量保障与评价方式等方面入手。     

Educational Equality: Luck Egalitarian,Pluralist and Complex

The basic principle of educational equality is that each child should receive an equally good education. This sounds appealing, but is rather vague and needs substantial working out. Also, educational equality faces all the objections to equality per se, plus others specific to its subject matter. Together these have eroded confidence in the viability of equality as an educational ideal. This article argues that equality of educational opportunity is not the best way of understanding educational equality. It focuses on Brighouse and Swift's well worked out meritocratic conception and finds it irretrievably flawed; they should, instead, have pursued a radical conception they only mention. This conception is used as a starting point for developing a luck egalitarian conception, pluralistic and complex in nature. It is argued that such a conception accounts for the appeal of equality of opportunity, fits with other values in education and meets many of the objections. Thus, equality is reasserted as what morally matters most in education.     

A Quantum Measurement Paradigm for Educational Predicates: Implications for validity in educational measurement

Abstract

The outcomes of educational assessments undoubtedly have real implications for students, teachers, schools and education in the widest sense. Assessment results are, for example, used to award qualifications that determine future educational or vocational pathways of students. The results obtained by students in assessments are also used to gauge individual teacher quality, to hold schools to account for the standards achieved by their students, and to compare international education systems. Given the current high-stakes nature of educational assessment, it is imperative that the measurement practices involved have stable philosophical foundations. However, this article casts doubt on the theoretical underpinnings of contemporary educational measurement models. Aspects of Wittgenstein’s later philosophy and Bohr’s philosophy of quantum theory are used to argue that a quantum theoretical rather than a Newtonian model is appropriate for educational measurement, and the associated implications for the concept of validity are elucidated. Whilst it is acknowledged that the transition to a quantum theoretical framework would not lead to the demise of educational assessment, it is argued that, where practical, current high-stakes assessments should be reformed to become as ‘low-stakes’ as possible. This article also undermines some of the pro high-stakes testing rhetoric that has a tendency to afflict education.     

The problems of ‘competence’ and alternatives from the Scandinavian perspective of Bildung

The paper aims to show how competence as an educational concept for the 21^st century is struggling with theoretical problems for which the concept of Bildung in the European tradition can offer alternatives, and to discuss the possibility of developing a sustainable educational concept from the perspectives of competence and Bildung. The method of the study is conceptual analysis of ‘competence’ and Bildung. The paper concludes that (1) competence must be abandoned as an educational concept, as its problems cannot be solved due to the lack of a theory of educational content. With competence, the content aspect of education is obscured and hidden from public debate, and human autonomy is threatened. (2) Bildung can be revised as an educational concept by reinventing educational content as subject to interpretation and open debate by autonomous individuals on all levels from the transnational to the classroom. (3) A revised ‘mimetic’ concept of Bildung can prepare students for the knowledge society, as imagining is a type of higher order thinking essential for innovation and creativity. Instructional content in school is meaningful to students if they are able to imagine the representational object ‘as if’ it is both subject matter and real to them.     

Connecting religion and teacher identity: The unexplored relationship between teachers and religion in public schools

It is increasingly acknowledged that for individuals to participate in a pluralistic and democratic society, they must understand religious conviction and difference. In educational literature, the discussion surrounding education and religion focuses on the implications for students. It is important to consider what this may mean to the teachers, as teachers directly influence student learning. This article uses literature on religion, multiculturalism, teacher identity, and popular culture to connect teachers' private religious identifications to their professional identities in public school classrooms. It supports future research in this area and provides a theoretical framework for subsequent studies.     

江西省高师教育学生实践能力培养的调查与分析

教育实践能力的培养是促进师范生教师专业化的重要准备和前提,同时也是衡量学生是否具备有良好从教素质的标志。关注学生教育实践能力培养是教师职前教育发展阶段的关键。文章根据对江西省三所高师院校学生教育实践能力培养的调查和分析,就如何解决当前该省学生教育实践能力培养中存在的问题,提出了建议和对策。     

基础教育课程改革与高师生的培养

基础教育课程改革的主要创新和突破有：多元化的课程目标；多样化的课程结构，强调各科之间的沟通和综合；实用化、现代化的课程内容；灵活多样的课程实施，强调创造性地教和创造性地学；科学性、发展性的课程评价高师生培养应主动适应基础教育改革与发展的需要，转变教育观念，调整培养目标；调整高师课程设置，优化课程结构；更新教学内容；改革教学方法。     

Litigation and Learning: Tensions in improving university lecturers' assessment practice

Current debate about assessment in higher education raises educational and political issues. Lecturers who wish to make their assessment more reliable and rigorous, as well as more effective in improving students' learning, need more than technical help to do so. This paper reports findings from an action research project which focused on assessment practice at the University of Sunderland, UK. It highlights tensions between genuine educational concerns to improve practice and more instrumental pressures, for example, to defend one's assessment practice from challenges by students, colleagues and external bodies. It is argued that improvement, rather than mere change, will require the commitment of people who possess intimate day-to-day contextual knowledge of assessment, and who recognise its educational and political complexities. The findings highlight two areas for further research: ways of inducting and involving students in an 'assessment community', and institutional staff development designed to improve assessment practice.     

Implementation eines wissenschaftlich erprobten,didaktischen Konzepts: Der Einfluss pädagogischer Autonomie auf die Wirksamkeit in der Praxis

There is growing interest in evidence-based interventions that can improve student teachers’ professional development. But how can these interventions be implemented into everyday teacher education practice by teacher educators themselves—without losing their initial, lab-tested effectiveness due to teacher educators’ practical educational autonomy? Through a quasi-experimental field study the following question is investigated: What is the impact of different degrees of educational autonomy (low/middle/high) that 19 teacher educa­tors are granted while implementing an experimentally proven concept into their teacher training courses on the development of the competence to diagnose classroom situations among 261 student teachers? ANCOVAs using planned contrasts indicate that the effectiveness of the concept can be sustained in ‘the real world’ of teacher education practice, even if practitioners—no longer researchers—are responsible for the concept realization; thereby, the highest increase in student teachers’ competence occurred when low educational autonomy was granted, i.e., the concept was implemented closely to the original.     

Finding Truth in ‘Lies’: Nietzsche's Perspectivism and its Relation to Education

In his 2001 article ‘Teaching to Lie and Obey: Nietzsche on Education’, Stefan Ramaekers defends Nietzsche's concept of perspectivism against the charge that it is relativistic. He argues that perspectivism is not relativistic because it denies the dichotomy between the ‘true’ world and the ‘seeming’ world, a dichotomy central to claims to relativism. While Ramaekers' article is correct in denying relativistic interpretations of perspectivism it does not go far enough in this direction. In fact, the way Ramaekers makes his case may actually encourage the charge of relativism, especially when it comes to his appropriation of perspectivism for education. This article proposes to pick up where Ramaekers left off. It will argue that Nietzsche's denial of the opposition between the ‘true’ world and the ‘seeming’ world opens up the possibility for the reestablishment of truth, albeit in a modified form. After examining Nietzsche's modified ‘realist’ epistemology, the paper will explore the implications of it for his philosophy of education. It will be argued that Nietzsche's educational philosophy is founded on his concept of perspectivism in so far as he demands that students be rigorously inculcated into a pedagogical framework that teaches students to discriminate between ‘true’ and ‘false’ perspectives. This framework is essential for the development of an intellectually robust and life‐affirming culture.     

农民职业教育顶层设计的政策嬗变及其逻辑反思——基于改革开放以来中央“一号文件”内容分析

我国有关农民职业教育政策演变轨迹大体分四个发展阶段。农民职业教育发展脉络呈现出终身性、规范性、多元性和普惠性特征。基于农民职业教育发展的时代诉求,必须创设教育环境,正确理解农民职业教育的时代内涵;完善法律体系,保障农民职业教育权利;倡导多元参与,创新职业教育培育路径;了解真实诉求,激发农民参与教育的内生动力。     

深刻反省我国的教育“重点制”

我国上世纪80年代以来在基础教育中形成的教育“重点制”促进了部分学校教学质量的提高,有力地推动了升学教育,但实践也证明这种“重点制”在发展的过程中带来了严重的问题。具体表现为,这种模式下的教育行为无法真正实现我们的教育目的;这种模式远离教育公平的目标;这种模式引发学生各种心理问题;这种模式造成道德教育的失落;这种模式还导致学校之间的恶性竞争。可以说我们现在的很多教育问题都与我们的教育“重点制”这种制度设计密切相关。为了推动我国的教育改革,必须重新认识和深刻反省我们的教育“重点制”。     

关于对师范教育小教专业教育理念的研究

师范教育小教专业确立“全面发展与个性发展”的教育理念与世界性人才需求变化相适应,与中国基础教育改革和社会发展相适应。实施这一理念的基本途径是课程与教材内容注重综合性、多样性、适用性,教学方法注重学生主体性、差异性、实践性,德育管理注重层次性、开放性、立体性,评价方法注重多元性、动态性、激励性。     

利用蓝墨云班课平台进行病理学混合式教学的设计与实践

随着信息技术的飞速发展,教育信息化已成必然趋势。利用蓝墨云班课APP教学软件,探索网络教育技术和经验,并结合课堂面对面教学,进行高职护理专业病理学混合式教学实践,以提高教师信息化多元混合模式的教学设计水平,增加学生的学习兴趣和自主性,提高学习效率。