JOHN DEWEY'S CONTRIBUTIONS TO AN EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY

A bstract .  Leading researchers describe the field of special education as sharply divided between two different theories of disability. In this article Scot Danforth takes as his project addressing that division from the perspective of a Deweyan philosophy of the education of students with intellectual disabilities. In 1922, John Dewey authored two articles in New Republic that criticized the use of intelligence tests as both undemocratic and impractical in meeting the needs of teachers. Drawing from these two articles and a variety of Dewey's other works, Danforth puts forward a Deweyan educational theory of intellectual disability. This theory is perhaps encapsulated in Dewey's observation that "The democratic faith in human equality is belief that every human being, independent of the quantity or range of his personal endowment, has the right to equal opportunity with every other person for development of whatever gifts he has." ¹     

THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF HOWARD YALE McCLUSKY TO AN EVOLVING DISCIPLINE OF EDUCATIONAL GERONTOLOGY

The development of interest, knowledge, and professional involvement in educational gerontology has been evolutionary. Knowledge from various disciplines has contributed to this development. Howard Mc‐Clusky, professor emeritus of adult education and educational psychology at the University of Michigan, has made many valuable contributions. His advocacy of limitless human potential throughout life has included work toward the development of knowledge about adults as learners and corresponding instructional needs. McClusky's development of a “theory of margin” has facilitated an understanding of the need to balance in the later years those stresses and demands (load) on a person with his or her coping resources (power). He also has provided insights to program developers regarding the importance of time perceptions and differences in how learning needs are categorized. He calls for intergenerational approaches to older adult instruction efforts and provides some optimistic hope for the future of educational gerontology.     

ATTITUDES TOWARD EDUCATIONAL MEDIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL GERONTOLOGY

This study was conducted to determine if there is or is not a difference in attitudes toward educational media between older adults and younger adults. Attitudinal information was gathered from the two groups utilizing an instrument entitled “Controversy in Academia” a 39‐item Likert‐type questionnaire. The questions from the instrument were divided into six groups, and six operational hypotheses were generated to effect testing. The results indicated that there were no basic differences between the attitudes toward educational media expressed by older adults and those expressed by younger adults.     

《当代教师教育》征稿启事

<正>《当代教师教育》是中华人民共和国教育部主管,陕西师范大学主办的教师教育理论刊物,以马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、"三个代表"重要思想、科学发展观和"习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想"为指导,坚持四项基本原则,坚持社会主义办刊方向,努力为教师教育与基础教育的改革与发展服务,为中小学教师的专业发展提供理论指导与实践指南。原中央政治局常委、国务院副总理李岚清题写刊名;原教育部副部长陈小娅致题为"加强教师教育研究,促进优秀     

教育公正刍议

在受教育权分配问题上 ,简单的效率优先论和平等优先论都不完善。只有在综合了自由、平等、效率和社会合作等基本价值的教育公正理论指导下 ,才能较为合理地处理受教育权分配问题。本文借鉴罗尔斯的正义论提出了现代社会的教育公正观 ,联系我国现实提出了五个教育公正原则 ,并对当前我国在受教育权分配方面存在的一些主要问题进行了具体分析。     

论教育场域

布迪厄提出了“场域”这一重要范畴,并把它作为分析工具广泛运用于他的社会学研究中。本文对这一范畴进行了比较深入的梳理与辨析,并在此基础上集中阐述了“教育场域”这一重要视角的涵义、特征及其意义,同时对教育场域的有限性作了简要分析与说明。     

EDUCATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT

A strong demand currently exists for testing instruments that are capable of providing more informative and diagnostic results than typical tests offer. This paper reviews approaches that have been proposed for educational diagnostic assessment. Two major approaches are identified: (a) deficit assessment, which focuses on weaknesses of the student, and (b) error analysis, which focuses on the kinds of errors the student commits. This paper also reviews recent work related to diagnostic assessment that is based on the integration of methods from cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence. It is concluded that the development of powerful diagnostic instruments may require a reexamination of existing psychometric models and possibly the development of alternative ones. It is also pointed out that the traditional approach to the specification of content in terms of static taxonomies may not be appropriate given the dynamic and sequential nature of diagnostic assessment. Finally, it is noted that the psychometric and content demands of diagnostic assessment all but require test admininstration by computer.