交际能力与大学英语教学

语言是进行文化交流和人际交往的重要工具,语言教学的目的就是培养学生的交流、交际能力.因此,语言学习与培养学生的交流、交际能力应当是同步进行的,对非英语专业的学生来说尤其如此.而在实际的教学中,学生往往注重语法规则和句子结构,而忽略了交流、交际能力的养成.这样势必使学生成为一个"fluent fool".因此,应高度重视培养学生的交流、交际能力,本文阐述了交际能力和大学英语教学之间的关系,并对培养学生交流、交际能力的方法和途径进行了探讨.     

The self‐assessed portfolio: a case study

This paper reports on a successful attempt to use the portfolio as a sole assessment tool for an upper level language arts course at an English‐medium university in Lebanon. Over four consecutive years in the spring semester, the teacher/researcher devised a special syllabus based on the teaching/learning of text discourses and other language tasks emphasizing skills to improve the English language of the learners. Only students’ portfolios were used to evaluate students’ work. The learners, majoring in Education or English, worked on various language tasks. They presented and assessed their work according to rubrics. Learners had to self‐reflect on each task, have a one‐to‐one conference with the class teacher, and assign a letter grade to their work. Results indicated that though using only portfolios for assessment purposes was a rather difficult task, it was still more effective than traditional assessment. Working on self‐assessed portfolios actively engaged learners in the learning process.     

“项目型”教学法在综合英语教学中的实践

“项目型”(project-based)教学活动是围绕项目,完成一系列教学和学习活动的教学模式.笔者将项目型的基本理念和某些操作方法运用于综合英语教学,旨在结合综合英语教学目的和课程特点.探索在综合英语课程教学中的实施素质教育,使学生的智力因素与非智力因素获得协调发展,促进学生综合运用英语的能力和其他综合素质的发展。     

交际法和任务型教学法之异同

产生于20世纪70年代的交际法教学强调按学习者的不同需要确定教学目的,主张教学过程交际化,把教学过程和培养交际能力紧密结合起来.而开始于80年代的任务型教学法以任务组织教学,注重学生在执行任务过程中实际语言运用能力的培养,使语言教学真实化和课堂社会化.这两种教学法都体现了较为先进的教学理念,既有相同,也有差异,二者存在着辩证关系.     

互动模式在高职英语教学中的实验研究

交际互动教学可诱发学生的内部动机,促进对语言的理解,提高学生语言应用综合能力。通过问答,团队协作,学习性活动教学方式将师生互动,生生互动,人机互动三模式应用于高职英语课堂教学中。通过对两个班90名学生进行一学期的实验表明:实验班与控制班相比,无论在语言交际能力,还是学习热情,学习兴趣与创造性等方面实验班都优于控制班。     

任务型教学的理论及其在大学英语教学中的应用

任务型教学是一种以学生为中心,以完成各种任务或活动为目标,培养学生语言综合运用能力和自主学习能力的教学途径。文章从任务型教学的定义和教学理念入手,结合我国大学英语教学基本要求,探讨了任务型教学在大学英语教学中的应用。     

社会建构主义视域下的二语课堂语用教学模式

社会建构主义是在认知建构主义理论基础上提出的,以学生、教师、任务和环境为要素的学习理论.以此理论为支撑的二语课堂语用教学模式强调“教师为主导、学生为主体”.该模式既能体现任务和语境在语言学习中的重要性,又能发挥学生的学习主体地位和教师的主导作用,有利于学生语用能力的培养和发展.     

高职学生英语组构能力培养的实证研究

《中国英语能力等级量表》中的组构能力量表主要衡量组构知识和策略,理解和表达意义的能力等级。在语言游戏说理论指导下,结合组构能力量表的能力内容与目标描述,高职英语课程中组构能力形成的过程被分解成3项具体任务:知识习得、内容运用、意义拓展,组构知识自主学习策略制定也相应更为完善。实证研究显示:学生组构知识成绩与学生的组构应用能力取得显著提高,语言哲学、语言量表、语言教学三者实现有效结合。     

高级英语课堂学习策略训练

在英语专业高年级学生的高级英语课堂中进行自主学习策略训练能调动学生的参与意识和训练学生运用学习策略,有利于培养学生的英语语言交际能力。高级英语课堂中的合作任务活动是学生通过合作,使用语言来取得实际结果的活动,完成这些任务的各个阶段所涉及到的学习策略训练活动为：学生介绍精读课文的背景知识、认知阅读活动、口头论述与课文相关的话题、写作活动强调体验过程。     

Levels of Language Competence and Reading Ability: an Exploratory Investigation

Associations have been found between reading ability around the age of seven to eight years and communicative competence, indicating a stage corresponding to the Piagetian concrete operations stage. It was not known, however, whether children who lagged at that stage in learning to read and in acquiring communicative competence would eventually‘catch up’with their peers in both these areas. This paper reports an exploratory study of this issue with adults who had not learnt to read as children although they were of average intelligence, and had no obvious physical defect. The objectives were: (a) to investigate whether these adults would perform on the same level as normal reading peers on language tasks requiring communicative and analytic competence; (b) to investigate whether performance on these tasks would be related to level of vocabulary comprehension and intelligence. No significant differences were found between the groups in their performance on the tasks involving communicative competence. However, normal readers scored significantly higher in tasks requiring analytic competence or the ability to retrieve and transform verbal material. In addition, the pattern of correlations was different for the two groups, suggesting that they had undergone different courses of cognitive development. The results cannot tell us whether the ability to read, or lack of it, influenced the development of these functions or vice versa. It seems from this investigation, however, that not all functions of oral language develop to the same extent in readers and in non-readers, and that this is not related solely to IQ.     

对《英语课程标准》（实验稿）下任务型教学的思考

《英语课程标准》(实验稿)倡导在英语教学中实施任务型教学，达到“以言行事”，培养学生综合语言应用能力。本首先简述了任务型教学理论。认为任务型教学是完成英语学习任务的一种重要的但不是唯一的途径，并提出在具体的教学实践中要注重任务型教学与综合折中的辨证统一。     

任务型教学在小学英语教学中的应用

任务型语言教学途径从学生的兴趣点出发,强调在“做中学”,让学生在完成任务的过程中习得语言,解决了英语教学中重视语言知识和语法知识忽视学生情感态度和综合运用语言能力的问题,是一种值得提倡并付诸实践的有效教学途径。     

影响高职学生英语交际策略运用的主要因素分析

交际策略的运用是提高高职学生英语交际能力的重要内容。调查表明,高职学生英语交际策略的总体运用情况较差,其因素主要有传统教育观念和教学模式的影响、学生语言水平和性格的差异、学习任务类型和学习环境及文化差异等。     

Phonological awareness in monolingual and bilingual English and Greek five‐year‐olds

This study examined and compared levels of phonological awareness in monolingual and bilingual English and Greek five‐year‐olds. Sixty‐eight children from Britain and Cyprus, matched on the basis of age, gender, non‐verbal and verbal IQ, were assigned to four groups: two bilingual (English‐Greek, Greek‐English) and two monolingual (English, Greek). Performance of the four groups on a set of six phonological tasks was compared. Bilingual children were given both English and Greek versions of the tasks; monolingual children were given the phonological tasks in their mother tongue only. Given the results of previous research, it was predicted that bilingual children would show higher levels of phonological awareness than monolingual. The children tested in Britain were already being taught to read in school, whereas those tested in Cyprus were not. On the basis of previous research, it was further predicted that there would also be effects of learning to read in an alphabetic language, such that the bilingual children tested in Britain would show higher levels of phonological awareness at the level of the phoneme than their counterparts tested in Cyprus. Results showed that the bilingual English‐Greek children significantly outperformed the monolingual English children, but this pattern was not replicated in the bilingual Greek‐English/monolingual Greek comparisons. This difference is discussed in terms of the bilingual enhancement effect, which, according to the present data, seems to occur only when bilingual children are exposed to a second language that is phonologically simpler than their first language. Results also showed that English‐Greek bilingual children performed significantly better than Greek‐English bilinguals, especially on tasks requiring phoneme awareness. This accords well with suggestions that learning to read in an alphabetic language promotes this level of phonological awareness.     

语言交际能力的研究与实践

从外语学习者的角度来说,学习一种语言既是为了掌握一种新的交际工具,也是为了学习和了解目的语文化;从外语教学的角度来看,教授一种语言,同时也在传授一种文化。文化因素存在于最简单的交际活动中,文化教学也应存在于最基本的日常外语教学中。从文化因素在交际过程中的影响的角度,阐释了外语教学体系中语言、文化和言语的关系,同时提出了培养学生英语跨文化交际能力的策略。     

Young Children's Interpretation of Multidigit Number Names: From Emerging Competence to Mastery

This study assessed whether a sample of two hundred seven 3‐ to 7‐year‐olds could interpret multidigit numerals using simple identification and comparison tasks. Contrary to the view that young children do not understand place value, even 3‐year‐olds demonstrated some competence on these tasks. Ceiling was reached by first grade. When training was provided, there were significant gains, suggesting that children can improve their partial understandings with input. Findings add to what is known about the processes of symbolic development and the incidental learning that occurs prior to schooling, as well as specifying more precisely what place value misconceptions remain as children enter the educational system.     

Families’ social backgrounds matter: Socio‐economic factors,home learning and young children's language,literacy and social outcomes

Parental support with children's learning is considered to be one pathway through which socio‐economic factors influence child competencies. Utilising a national longitudinal sample from the Millennium Cohort Study, this study examined the relationship between home learning and parents’ socio‐economic status and their impact on young children's language/literacy and socio‐emotional competence. The findings consistently showed that, irrespective of socio‐economic status, parents engaged with various learning activities (except reading) roughly equally. The socio‐economic factors examined in this study, i.e., family income and maternal educational qualifications, were found to have a stronger effect on children's language/literacy than on social‐emotional competence. Socio‐economic disadvantage, lack of maternal educational qualifications in particular, remained powerful in influencing competencies in children aged three and at the start of primary school. For children in the first decade of this century in England, these findings have equity implications, especially as the socio‐economic gap in our society widens.     

略论规范教学指导方法强化英语听力水平

语言学习的重要目的是交际。在信息剧增、国际交际日益频繁的今天,英语作为一种语言工具,其听力技能的掌握不仅是英语测试的需要,更是英语知识的实际运用和英语综合能力的体现。英语听力水平的不断提高对促进学生其它各项英语能力的发展具有重要意义。鉴于此,在英语教学中,教师应该根据学生的实际情况采用合理的听力练习方法和制定科学的听力学习策略。     

任务型教学模式在高职英语教学中的应用

本文对高职英语任务型教学模式的应用进行实验研究,分析高职英语任务型语言教学的实践教学效果,反思在这一教学模式运用中遇到的问题,论述这一教学模式在高职英语教学实践中的可行性,为高职英语教学改革提供依据,从而进一步促进高职英语教学改革。     

大学英语任务型教学和课堂任务的设计应用

大学英语任务型课堂设计应体现如下原则:兼顾封闭式和开放式任务;形式和功能并重,以建构意义;让学习者最大化地接触真实的语言并自由地使用语言,并尽量地以学习者的个人经验为基础,以提高他们的兴趣,让他们与目的语材料产生共鸣;针对不同的学生设计不同的任务;最大化地涉及到教育的过程。设计课堂任务时必须兼顾学习策略和跨文化能力的培养,必须实行个性化教学,必须保证教师足够的授课时间,在教师的引导下,帮助学生形成自主的学习能力。