学校教师对农民工子女内隐偏见研究

本研究采用内隐联想测试(IAT)探索教师对农民工子女的偏见状况。被试为54名小学教师(普通公办小学教师40名,农民工子弟学校教师14名),测试使用材料为农民工子女照片、城市儿童照片各四张,与学习相关的积极、消极评价词各四个。结果显示两类学校的教师均存在内隐偏见,但两类学校教师的偏见程度不存在显著差异。     

Concrete and classrooms: how schools shape educational research

The notion of ‘the school’ as a set of institutional processes and practices that shape the possibilities of educational research forms the focus of this article. It is argued that the discursive and material practices that render schools agencies of cultural reproduction also have effects for what research can be undertaken in them and how. With reference to a series of ‘episodes’ that occurred during research about young people and sexuality in New Zealand, evidence for how schools shape research endeavours is provided. These examples present a complex picture of the way in which schools simultaneously police and are regulated by symbolic boundaries of gender and sexuality. How school disciplinary power works to effect what it is possible to claim about the voluntary nature of student research participation is also explored. It is argued that through the powerful discursive and material practices that occur in schools, these institutions can impede research that attempts to transgress dominant meanings about gender and sexuality.     

让信息技术走进小学数学课堂

新课程理念下的小学数学课堂教学应充分发挥信息技术的优势,努力促进信息技术与数学学科教学中诸多要素的整合,可以为学生的学习和发展提供丰富多彩的教育环境和有利的学习工具,可以培养学生信息素养以及利用信息技术自主探索、发现问题、解决问题的能力,可以把知识更多、更快地传授给学生,有效地提高课堂教学效率.     

高中物理学习策略及其教学对策浅探

探讨高中物理学习策略的主要类型以及高中物理教师在促使学生学习、掌握进而内化有关学科化学习策略过程中的教学对策。     

农村中小学校舍维修改造问题的病与解

我国农村中小学校舍安全问题自20世纪70年代末起受到关注,几十年间从中央到地方一直在努力解决,却似乎也一直未圆满达到预定的目标.回顾我国农村中小学校舍维修改造的历程,对农村中小学校舍维修改造中存在的种种问题作病理分析.对长效机制的完善进行理论透视,并在此基础上提出解决问题的政策建议,即建立完整的测评制度和奖惩制度,有较强的现实意义.     

例析实验分析题型的解题策略

实验分析类试题有2种题型，即解释实验现象、结果和根据实验结果得出实验结论。若题目给出实验步骤、实验结果，要求考生据此得出实验结论，则可运用实验设计的思路来进行推理，明确实验假设，找出实验变量对实验结果的影响，并加以科学表述；若题目给出实验步骤、实验结果，要求考生对实验现象和实验结果作出正确解释，则需仔细阅读题目，注意题目中给出的背景知识（包括实验原理、装置、材料试剂等）与有关信息（包括数据、图表、曲线等），结合已学过的生物学知识及其他学科的基本原理，进行推理、分析。[第一段]     

Beyond strategies: teacher beliefs and writing instruction in two primary inclusion classrooms

Links between teachers' pedagogical beliefs and teaching practices were investigated with respect to process writing instruction. Participants included 5 teachers, 44 general education students, and 23 special education students in 2 elementary multi-age inclusion classrooms. Findings suggested that, although the teachers shared similar views on inclusion and were convinced of the uniqueness of their respective instructional approaches, they nuanced their writing instruction to conform to their implicit theories about teaching, learning, and disability. One set of teachers believed that the writing "breakdowns" of students with disabilities required a structural approach-sequenced, individualized, phonics-based instruction targeting individual performance levels. Another set of teachers advocated a relational approach, wherein students with disabilities are "protected" and "empowered" in learning communities characterized by shared activities, student choice, and interpersonal communication.     

Pre-service teachers' use of reading strategies in their own readings and future classrooms

The main purpose of this study was to determine pre-service teachers' use of reading strategies in their own readings. In addition, pre-service teachers' use of these strategies in their future teaching practices was also investigated. The subjects for this study were 505 pre-service teachers enrolled in one of the major universities in Ankara. The results of the study revealed that pre-service teachers employed 28 out of 38 reading strategies most of the time, but interview results illustrated that they reported using very limited scope of reading strategies. An interesting finding in this study was that all subjects accepted the responsibility to teach and improve their future students' reading skills.     

美国高校的学术反思与学术评价

20世纪 80年代末以来 ,美国高教界对美国高校中存在的学术评价日益窄化和教师奖励制度越来越片面的倾向进行了深刻反思。尤其是博耶在 90年代初发表的两篇文献 ,提出了包括发现的学术、综合的学术、应用的学术和教学的学术四种形式在内的新学术观 ,并构建了包括学者的品质、学术工作的标准、学术证明和过程的可靠性四条原则的新的学术评价体系。博耶的新学术观拓展了学术概念的内涵 ,涵盖了现代大学日益丰富的使命。他提出的学术评价四原则 ,对于纠正当前我国高校学术评价中普遍存在的简单化、公式化、数字化倾向具有重要的现实意义     

Ethnicity and student identity in schools: an analysis of official and unofficial talk in multiethnic classrooms

The present study shows that power relations in classrooms between Dutch and immigrant students radically shift when students move from academic talk to more open, free talk. Whereas in their interactions with immigrant students, Dutch students are able to represent the more powerful role in the official, academic discourse, they lose this position in the unofficial, nonacademic discourse. These shifts show that ethnic relationships are played out differently in different discursive domains. They also show that academic identities do not exist as such but are specific to certain minority–majority relationships. This study builds upon a tradition of studies that have argued that ethnic minorities construct academic identities depending on the social setting. However, this study shows the instability of these constructions while demonstrating their dependency on specific ethnic interactions and discursive modes. The study is based on the analysis of interaction patterns in multiethnic classrooms in the Netherlands focussing on (a)symmetries in knowledge sharing. An ethnographic approach is combined with quantitative analyses to test group differences. The results are interpreted and discussed in the light of a poststructuralist view on how ethnic minority groups construct academic identities and how these are related to minority–majority relationships.     

Rationale and strategies for American Sign Language intervention

A Midwest school district established a demonstration Total Communication Project. Its goal was for teachers to become consistent in their role modeling of English and American Sign Language (ASL). English was the primary language of the classroom and ASL was used as an intervention tool. There has been little research on the effectiveness of ASL in the classroom. By implementing an ASL intervention program this project is a first step in establishing an environment conducive to investigating the effectiveness of ASL intervention for teaching deaf students. This paper describes: (a) techniques used for identifying classroom situations that call for the use of ASL; (b) discourse situations that influence the use of different language codes in total communication classrooms; and (c) guidelines for code-switching between English and ASL.     

美国中小学的道德生活透视

有关道德教学的讨论自古以来就是学者争论的领域之一。但是在将道德教育的理论运用到具体的道德实践时,却难为了在一线开展实践工作的教师。文章主要从美国中小学道德生活的具体道德实践入手,探讨中小学里活生生的道德教学活动。     

Exploring formative assessment in primary school classrooms: Developing a framework of actions and strategies

The importance of formative assessment in facilitating student learning has been well established in the literature. However, defining and implementing formative assessment in classroom settings is a rather complicated task. The aim of this study is to explore formative assessment, as implemented in primary classrooms in Cyprus, and develop a framework of action for analysing and understanding formative assessment processes. The research was qualitative, interpretive, collaborative, and guided by the ethics of care. Four primary school teachers of the third and fourth grade participated in the study. The teachers differ in their teaching experience and gender. Data collection was based on non-participant classroom observations, teachers’ interviews and documentary analysis of children’s work for written feedback. The analysis of the data was carried out using the constant comparative method and revealed five distinctive processes of formative assessment: (a) Articulation/communication of expectancies and success criteria, (b) Elicitation and collection of information, (c) Interpretation of information/judgement, (d) Providing feedback, and (e) Taking action/regulation of learning. The analysis also pointed the confusions arising from the various interpretations of the concept and the difficulties in implementing effectively formative assessment in classroom settings. Implications of the findings for policy and practice are drawn and suggestions for further research are finally provided.     

African American and European American children in diverse elementary classrooms: social integration, social status, and social behavior

With a sample of African American and European American 3rd- and 4th-grade children (N = 486, ages 8-11 years), this study examined classroom ethnic composition, peer social status (i.e., social preference and perceived popularity as nominated by same- and cross-ethnicity peers), and patterns of ethnic segregation (i.e., friendship, peer group, and cross-ethnicity dislike). African American--but not European American--children had more segregated relationships and were more disliked by cross-ethnicity peers when they had fewer same-ethnicity classmates. African American children's segregation was positively associated with same-ethnicity social preference and perceived popularity and with cross-ethnicity perceived popularity. European American children's segregation was positively associated with same-ethnicity social preference but negatively associated with cross-ethnicity social preference and perceived popularity.     

几种中学生物学教学策略的运用

教学策略是实现教学目标的关键环节。在中学生物学教学中采用主动学习、构建学 生自我知识体系、多种技能培养和小组活动的教学策略，可以培养学生的创新精神和实践能 力。     

中职英语教研：交互性语言教学的目标与策略

在中职英语教研教改中,交互性语言教学方法（Interactive Language Teaching Approach）应用需要明晰具体教学目标,包括宏观与微观目标,以教学目标为课堂教学设计及组织的核心,并以之为各种教学要素的起点。中职英语教师要探索适合具体职业或专业需要的交互性语言教学策略,培养中职学生在未来职场中英语的应用能力。中职英语教研中恰当的交互性语言教学策略,不仅可以提高学生的英语交际能力,还可以培养学生的思维能力、学习兴趣与自信心、培养合作意识。