教师职业素质结构与高师课程改革

现代社会对教师的素质提出了更高的要求,如何使高师课程的设置与教师职业素质的培养有机地结合起来,成为高师课程改革应重点探讨的问题。     

新课程改革中教师培训的困惑与反思

新课程目标向教师提出了在基础教育阶段全面实施素质教育的实质性内容和具体要求。加强教师培训,是新课程实施的重要环节。在教师培训中,应及时对传统培训观念、教学过程、组织和培训方式进行反思,以适应新一轮课程改革的要求。     

How principals promote and understand teacher development under curriculum reform in China

On-going curriculum reform in China demands that teachers and principals shift their norms of practice to facilitate student learning. Principals are expected to take a more hands-on approach and work more collaboratively with teachers towards curriculum change. This paper presents case studies of how principals in three different schools in Shanghai shaped teacher development activities which built teacher understanding and capacity to meet the requirements of the curriculum reform. The analysis provides insights into how principals proactively promoted teacher development and identifies some of possible gaps in their strategies. Implications are drawn about the relationships between curriculum reform, school leadership and teacher development.     

新课改视角下的语文教师素质

新课改将使我国基础教育教学发生历史性的变革。面对新的变化,语文教师要胜任新角色,必须具有现代教育思想和改革创新意识,较高的专业化素质、深厚的文化底蕴、超凡的科研能力、强烈的成就动机和崇高的职业境界。     

Remaking textbook policy: analysis of national curriculum alignment in Korean school textbooks

The article aims to reform Korean textbook policy through analysing national curriculum alignment in authorized school textbooks and assessing their quality management. The research was conducted with 14 different types of approved middle school physical education textbooks that were examined for the creativity embedded in Korea’s current national curriculum. The research outcomes indicate great disparities in the creativity of the examined physical education texts. Also, the textbooks focused only partially on the aim and method of the mandated curriculum. The findings suggest a lack of creativity, which is a guiding principle of nationally authorized textbooks. Thus, Korean textbook policy needs to be changed in two important ways. First, the classification of creativity must be made part of the compilation criteria, and second, creativity must be reinstated as part of the authorized textbook screening process.     

课改带动科研科研促进课改--简谈教师与课改同步成长

本文简述了小学语文课改过程中的科研活动的定位、指导思想和原则 ,并指明了教师作为研究者的角色地位。     

Teacher evaluation,curricular autonomy and professional development: trends and tensions in the Portuguese educational policy

A programme of City Academies was announced by the Secretary of State for Education for England in 2000. These schools would be independent of local government control, have voluntary and private sector sponsors, and would break the cycle of failing inner‐city schools. The first three Academies opened in 2002, and this paper considers how they have fared so far in terms of changes to their student intake and improvements in examination outcomes. Using figures from 1997 to 2003–2004 from the annual school census and from the DfES Standards site, the paper shows that there is no evidence that these schools are, in general, performing any better for equivalent students than the schools they replaced. Although the programme is at a very early stage, this finding is important because it contradicts the claims of the DfES and of the Academies themselves and the determination of the government (at time of writing) to expand the programme to 200 schools.     

课程改革背景下教师职业倦怠存在之原因分析

通过采用国际公认的"教师职业倦怠问卷"(MBI)对500名中小学教师的调查发现,我国中小学教师的职业倦怠已普遍存在,对当前正在推行的基础教育课程改革和新课程的实施带来了不利影响。倦怠存在的原因,与课程改革和新课程的实施对教师角色转变、知识结构、能力素养的高要求以及在此基础上增加其工作量的事实有关。     

教师专业发展视野中的高师课程改革

从教师专业发展出发,高师课程应从三个方面进行改革:第一,从专业的角度出发,重视知识和技能的提高,重视学科与教育的整合;第二,从人生命的完整性出发,注重反思和探究精神的培养,注重对实践智慧的追寻;第三,从社会文化的角度出发,注重专业道德意识、专业身份认知的培养。     

新课程背景下的高师院校教师教育改革

为基础教育培养高质量师资,是高师院校生存和发展的立足点和生长点。基础教育新课程改革给高师院校提出了前所未有的挑战,而高师院校教师教育课程几十年来变化不大,教学内容与基础教育脱节,教学理念落后,教学方法陈旧,高师院校培养的准教师不能完全适应基础教育新课改的需要。为此,高师院校应更新教育观念,优化教师教育课程结构,改革教师培养模式,加强与基础教育的合作与联系,形成教师职前培养与职后培训一体化的教师教育新体系,以彰显高师院校教师教育特色。     

新课程实施中初中教师最需要什么

新课程改革给初中教师提出了新的挑战,新课程实施中教师教学适应性问题,成为当前初中教师面临的急待解决的问题。本文通过问卷和访谈的方法,对广州市部分初中学校的教师进行调查研究,了解当前初中教师适应新课程的情况,并提出一些增进初中教师对新课程教学适应性的建议措施。     

Educational research and reform: Some implications for the professional identity of early years teachers

Abstract

This paper examines the way in which recent criticisms of the work of primary school teachers in Britain, most notably those entailed in and following the publication of the so‐called ‘Three Wise Men's Report’, have attempted to redefine the professional identity of early years teachers. The paper objects to the manner in which their critiques have been formulated and calls upon educational researchers to adopt a less reverential attitude to government proposals for the reform of primary education in general and early years schooling in particular.     

More than canons: teacher knowledge and the literary domain of the secondary English curriculum

Background:?The matter of teacher knowledge in the curriculum subject of English is not simple. Certainly it is not easy to delineate what its ‘content knowledge’ should be and how this relates to other aspects of teacher knowledge. In the context of education policy in England, at a time of change when the nature of the subject and its pedagogy are under scrutiny, the issue acquires heightened relevance from an initial teacher preparation perspective.

Purpose:?This paper sets out to consider the following questions: how do teachers of English acquire their teacher knowledge? What is known about the nuanced process of teacher knowledge development in English? Curriculum content is one element of teacher knowledge, but in the literary domain of English it does not suffice to specify what and how much should be read. The questions are discussed from the perspective of the knowledge development of postgraduate English teachers during initial teacher preparation.

Sources of evidence:?Literature concerning the development of teacher knowledge and expertise both generally and in the curriculum subject of English is critically discussed. Within the literature, the notion of the mentor–novice dialogue is identified as an important way of developing teacher knowledge. Alongside the literature, three illustrative mentor accounts are presented, drawn from the experience of postgraduate students learning to teach English to secondary school pupils.

Main argument:?The mentor accounts suggest that the boundaries of English are not easily demarcated. They indicate that the knowledge developed is other than the ‘content’ knowledge that might be acquired through initial degree studies. It is argued that teacher education demands a conception of teaching that takes full account of this knowledge development. At the same time, specific dispositions that do not automatically follow from prior academic attainment appear to be relevant. It is suggested that how these are cultivated, and how they are distinctive to the subject discipline are important questions for initial teacher preparation.

Conclusions:?Whatever the new contexts for initial teacher preparation, understanding how teachers acquire and apply ‘teacherly’ knowledge deserves as much attention as the content of a subject or the prior attainment of entrants to the profession. Initial teacher preparation arrangements need to acknowledge the complexity of learning to teach English as a curriculum subject. Learning to teach is a nuanced process, requiring engagement with a dedicated pedagogical content knowledge. In literary English teaching, this comprises attention to micro and macro aspects concurrently, for example through attention to individual texts concurrent with consideration of conceptions of readers and reading.     

计算机专业实践课程考试模式改革的探讨

计算机专业因为其特殊的教学方式和自身专业知识强的特点,以前经常采用闭卷的纸质考试,严重地脱离了计算机专业实践课程的初衷。教育考试改革实施后,该课程考试有了新的标准,平时考核包括上课出勤率和在课堂上的表现以及其他方面的考核;实践考核主要考量学生在上机实践时候的操作能力和思维创新能力;答辩时考察临场表达和对技术的理解能力。这样从根本上改变了＂考试＂模式的教学,对于高等院校的人才培养有很大的推进作用。     

浅析职业院校语文课程职业化改革的方法策略

随着科技的进步,教育的改革方兴未艾。职业院校的发展也引起了国家的重视,更多的改革倾向于职业院校,学科的改革也成为势在必行的任务。职业院校语文课程要迎接市场的需要,就必须结合职业院校发展特色、学生发展状况进行职业化的改革。促进学生的全面发展以适应"职业化"的需求。     

Being professional: accountability and authority in teachers’ responses to science curriculum reform

The science curriculum is a focus of repeated reform in many countries. However, the enactment of such reforms within schools rarely reflects the intended outcomes of curriculum designers. This review considers what we know about the experiences and reflections of teachers in the enactment of externally driven school science curriculum reform. ‘Externally driven’ signals a focus on studies of teachers who did not make a proactive choice to adopt a particular curriculum reform initiative. This is a very common experience for teachers in many school systems, and one likely to highlight issues of professionalism and authority that are central to the work of teachers. The review analyses 34 relevant studies. These include studies of teachers’ experiences of national curriculum reform, and also studies focusing on more regional or local curriculum reform activities. The studies examine individual teachers’ beliefs, practices and reflections associated with curriculum reform, the response of teacher communities to reform (e.g. within school departments), and teachers’ (and other stakeholders’) experiences across school systems. A wide range of factors influencing teachers’ responses are identified. These are characterised in terms of personal, internal and external contexts of teachers’ work. The review also highlights issues of authority, professionalism and the process of meaning-making in response to external curriculum reform. The discussion section identifies important areas for future research and gives recommendations for the design of curriculum policies that recognise and support the professionalism of science teachers.     

The teacher as reflexive professional: making visible the excluded discourse in teacher standards

In the current climate of accountability, political manoeuvring, changing curriculum, increasingly diverse student cohorts and community expectations, teachers, more than ever, need to develop the skills and abilities to be reflective and reflexive practitioners. This study examines national teacher professional standards from Australia and the UK to identify the extent to which reflexivity is embedded in key policy documents that are intended to guide the work of teachers in those countries. Using Margaret Archer's theories of reflexivity and morphogenesis, and methods of critical discourse analysis, we argue that these blueprints for teachers’ work exclude reflexivity as an essential and overarching discourse of teacher professionalism.     

Postmodernist perceptions of teacher professionalism: a critique

This is an era of significant government involvement in schools in England, despite consistent rhetoric from the Department of Education to the contrary. In such a period, signs can be detected of the juncture between a postmodern identity and post-professional status, two models of teacher professionalism supposed in Hargreaves’ work on the fourth age of professionalism. This paper focuses on the former as the nature of the contemporary context. Defining features of postmodernity are considered through a focus on the broad issue of teacher professionalism. For this paper, this is embodied by teachers’ involvement with the development of the Primary National Curriculum for England. Evidence will be drawn from just before its 1988 introduction until 2013 in order to critique several of the key tenets of postmodernity as identified by Hargreaves. This is of particular importance in a context where a strong defence is necessary to enable the sustainment, and growth, of teachers’ professional autonomy. This paper aims to propose some strategies teachers could enact in the face of postmodern challenges.