Al2O3和Fe2O3为何不溶于盐酸

一、若干实验事实回顾初中化学讲"酸的化学性质"时,将生锈的铁钉分别放入盛有稀盐酸和稀硫酸的试管里,观察反应所发生的现象。Fe_2O_3 6HCl=2FeCl_3 3H_2OFe_2O_3 3H_2SO_4=Fe_2(SO_4)_3 3H_2O高中化学讲元素周期律和 Al_2O_3性质时,曾讲过     

掺杂铁的α—Fe2O3复合粒子多孔膜的光电化学研究

将利用水热法制备的α-Fe2O3的超微粒子,制成掺杂铁的复合粒子多孔膜,利用光电流-电压曲线研究复合粒子多孔膜的光电化学性质,表明铁的渗入提高了超微粒子的光电转换效率。     

常温常湿CO氧化催化剂(Au/Fe2O3)的研究

研究了不同方法制备的催化剂(Au／Fe2O3)在常温常湿条件下对CO的氧化反应的作用及其自身的稳定性。结果表明，加料顺序、焙烧温度、沉淀剂种类、金含量等菌素对催化剂的稳定性均有较大影响，其中以K2CO3或Na2CO3为沉淀剂，金含量3％，焙烧温度250-350℃制得的催化剂具有较好的稳定性和抗水性，于25℃连续加入水蒸气反应430h可保持CO完全转化。X衍射实验结果表明，催化剂的稳定性与单质金及α-Fe2O3的粒径成反比，并与金和铁的化学状态有关。     

固体超强酸Fe2O3—SO4^2—催化合成苹果酯

以固体超强酸Fe2O3-SO4^2-为催化剂合成苹果酯，考察了催化剂的活化温度、催化剂的用量、反应物摩尔比等因素对收率的影响。实验结果表明，合成苹果酯的最佳条件为：乙酰乙酸乙酯的用量在0．1mol的情况下，用固体超强酸Fe2O3-SO4^2-为催化剂，催化剂的活化温度500℃，用量1．75g，反应物乙酰乙酸乙酯与乙二醇的摩尔比1：2，苹甲酯的收率为89．7％。     

固体超强酸Fe2O3-SO24-催化合成苹果酯

以固体超强酸Fe3O3-SO24-为催化剂合成了苹果酯,并考察了催化剂的活化温度、催化剂的用量、反应物摩尔比等因素对收率的影响.实验结果表明,合成苹果酯的最佳条件为乙酰乙酸乙酯的用量在0.1mol的情况下,用固体超强酸Fe2O3-SO24-为催化剂,催化剂的活化温度500℃,催化剂的用量1.75g,反应物摩尔比12.     

固体超强酸Fe2O3—SO4^2—催化合成苹果酯

以固体超强酸Fe2O3-SO4^2-催化合成苹果酯，并考察了催化剂的活化温度、催化剂的用量、反应物摩尔比等因素对收率的影响。实验结果表明，合成苹果酯的最佳条件为：乙酰乙酸乙酯的用量在0．1mol的情况下，用固体超强酸FeO2-SO4^2-为催化剂，催化剂的活化温度500℃，催化剂的用量1．75g，反应物摩尔比1：2。     

碳包覆磁性材料Fe3O4/C/Pd（0）的合成及其催化性能研究

以单分散的Fe3O4微球（粒径为200 nm）为核,通过水热碳化和原位还原,合成了核壳结构的碳包覆复合材料Fe3O4/C/Pd（0）,研究了其催化Suzuki反应的活性及磁分离回收特性.实验结果表明：Fe3O4/C/Pd（0）热稳定性好,可在空气氛围下高效地催化碘代、溴代芳烃与苯硼酸的Suzuki偶联反应.该催化剂还表现了非常好的可循环性,连续使用五次依然能保持很高的催化活性,为进一步拓展碳包覆磁性材料在催化领域的应用积累了经验.     

固体超强酸Fe2O3—SO^2—4催化合成己二酸二辛酯

用固体超强酸Fe2O3-SO^2-4为催化剂、己二酸和辛醇为原料合成己二酸二辛酯的过程中，催化剂的活化温度、催化剂的用量、醇酸比、反应时间对收率都有较大的影响。研究表明，己二酸的用量在0.1mol的情况下，用固体超强酸Fe2O3-SO^2-4为催化剂，催化剂的活化温度500℃，催化剂用量1.5g，醇酸比3:1，反应时间2.5h，是最适宜的反应条件，酯收率达85%。     

固体超强酸Fe2O3-SO4^2-催化合成苹果酯

以固体超强酸Fe2O3-SO4^2-为催化剂合成苹果酯，考察了催化剂的活化温度、催化剂的用量、反应物摩尔比等因素对收率的影响。实验结果表明，合成苹果酯的最佳条件为：乙酰乙酸乙酯的用量在0．1mol的情况下，用固体超强酸Fe2O3-SO4^2-为催化剂，催化剂的活化温度500℃，用量1．75g，反应物乙酰乙酸乙酯与乙二醇的摩尔比1：2，苹甲酯的收率为89．7％。     

Preparation of SO4^2-/TiO2-La2O3 solid superacid and its catalytic activities in acetalation and ketalation

SO4^2- / TiO2-La2O3, a novel solid superacid, was prepared and its catalytic activities at different synthetic conditions are discussed with esterification of n-butanoic acid and n-butyl alcohol as probing reaction. The optimum conditions have also been found, mole ratio of n（La^3＋）：n（Ti^4＋） is 1：34, the soaked consistency of H2SO4 is 0.8 tool/L, the soaked time of HESO4 is 24 h, the calcining temperature is 480 ℃, the calcining time is 3 h. Then it was applied in the catalytic synthesis often important ketals and acetals as catalyst and revealed high catalytic activity. Under these conditions on which the molar ratio of aldehyde/ketone to glycol is l： 1.5, the mass ratio of the catalyst used in the reactants is 0.5%, and the reaction time is 1.0 h, the yields of ketals and acetals can reach 41.4%-95.8%.     

Effect of nitrogen doping on the reduction of nitric oxide with activated carbon in the presence of oxygen

Nitrogen doping of activated carbon （AC） was performed by annealing both in ammonia and nitric oxide, and the activities of the modified carbons for NO reduction were studied in the presence of oxygen. Results show that nitrogen atoms were incorporated into the carbons, mostly in the form of pyridinic nitrogen or pyridonic nitrogen. The effect of nitrogen doping on the activities of the carbons can be ignored when oxygen is absent, but the doped carbons show desirable activities in the low temperature regime （≤500 ℃） when oxygen is present. The role of the surface nitrogen species is suggested to promote the formation of NO2 in the presence of oxygen, and NO2 can facilitate decomposition of the surface oxygen species in the low temperature regime     

Science Letters:Effect of nitrogen doping on the reduction of nitric oxide with activated carbon in the presence of oxygen

Nitrogen doping of activated carbon (AC) was performed by annealing both in ammonia and nitric oxide, and the activities of the modified carbons for NO reduction were studied in the presence of oxygen. Results show that nitrogen atoms were incorporated into the carbons, mostly in the form of pyridinic nitrogen or pyridonic nitrogen. The effect of nitrogen doping on the activities of the carbons can be ignored when oxygen is absent, but the doped carbons show desirable activities in the low temperature regime (≤500 ℃) when oxygen is present. The role of the surface nitrogen species is suggested to promote the formation of NO2 in the presence of oxygen, and NO2 can facilitate decomposition of the surface oxygen species in the low temperature regime.     

Catalytic properties of CuO/Sn0.9Ti0.1O2 and CuO/Sn0.7Ti0.3O2 in NO＋CO reaction

Using SnxTi1-xO2 as carriers, CuO/Sn0.9Ti0.1O2 and CuO/Sn0.7Ti0.3O2 catalysts with different loading amounts of copper oxide (CuO) were prepared by an impregnation method. The catalytic properties of CuO/Sn0.9Ti0.1O2 and CuO/Sn0.7Ti0.3O2 were examined using a microreactor-gas chromatography (GC) NO CO reaction system and the methods of BET (Brun- auer-Emmett-Teller), TG-DTA (themogravimetric and differential thermal analysis), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and H2-temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The results showed that NO conversions of Sn0.9Ti0.1O2 and Sn0.7Ti0.3O2 were 47.2% and 43.6% respectively, which increased to 95.3% and 90.9% at 6 wt% CuO loading. However, further increase in CuO loading caused a decrease in the catalytic activity. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm and pore-size distribution curve of Sn0.9Ti0.1O2 and Sn0.7Ti0.3O2 represented type IV of the BDDT (Brunauer, Deming, Deming and Teller) system and a typical mesoporous sample. There were two CuO diffraction peaks (2θ 35.5° and 38.7°), and the diffraction peak areas increased with increasing CuO loading. TPR analysis also detected three peaks (α, β and γ) from the CuO-loaded catalysts, suggesting that the α peak was the reduction of the highly dispersed copper oxide, the β peak was the reduction of the isolated copper oxide, and the γ peak was the reduction of crystal phase copper oxide. In addition, a fourth peak (δ) of the catalysts meant that the SnxTi1-xO2 mixed oxides could be reductive.     

Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> as indicator of heavy metal enrichment in Zhujiang (Pearl River) estuary sediments

A part of the heavy metals in estuary and coastal zone occurs naturally in the environment; the other part is due to human activity; so the directly measured concentration of heavy metal does not automatically indicate anthropogenic enrichment. Fe₂O₃ was used in this study as conservative tracer to distinguish natural components from anthropogenic components of heavy metal sediment concentration in the Zhujiang estuary. Compared with clay and Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃ is more suitable as reference element. The final results showed that two zones in the Zhujiang estuary were seriously contaminated by heavy metals. One nearby the Humen mouth; the other around the west coast of the estuary. The horizontal distribution of heavy metals indicates that Zn, Ni and Cu have wider contaminating areas than TiO₂, V and Cr in the estuary.     

V2O5-CaCo3-Nb2O5掺杂对低损耗功率Mn-Zn铁氧体的影响

Effect of the content of dopants in the manganese-zinc ferrites on the low power loss is studied by measuring magnetic properties and observing the grain boundary structures. The Mn0.738Zn0.206Fe2.066O4 composition powders were prepared by using conventional ceramic powder processing technique. The microstructure of grain boundary was observed by scanning electron microscope （SEM）. It has been found that power loss is greatly dependent upon the content of the additives.     

Green epoxidation of cyclooctene with molecular oxygen over an ecofriendly heterogeneous polyoxometalate-gold catalyst Au/BW<Subscript>11</Subscript>/Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>

An ecofriendly heterogeneous polyoxometalate (POM)-gold catalyst Au/BW₁₁/Al₂O₃ was synthesized and used for solvent-free epoxidation of cyclooctene under mild reaction conditions using molecular oxygen as an oxidant and t-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an initiator. The catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), induced coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The catalyst showed good conversion and high selectivity without use of solvents or environmentally harmful oxidants. Moreover, the catalyst is recyclable up to three cycles with no significant loss in selectivity towards epoxide.     

在室温和常压下用机械合金化方法制备Fe5C2金属间化合物

Single phase Fe5C2 intermetallic compound was prepared by mechanical alloying method. The phase and crystal structure of sample were analyzed with X-ray differaction spectrum. The decomposing temperature of the Fe5C2 compound is 596.4℃ determined by the DSC curve. It is further shown that the size of nanometer crystal grain is an important condition for carrying out the solid state reaction at room temperature and normal pressure.     

Synthesis of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> supported on activated carbon by MOCVD: operation parameters study

A novel metallo-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique has been applied to the preparation of the photocatalytic titanium dioxide supported on activated carbon. The effects of various condition parameters such as carrier gas flow rate, source temperature and deposition temperature on the deposition rate were investigated. The maximum deposition rate of 8.2 mg/(g·h) was obtained under conditions of carrier gas flow rate of 400 ml/min, source temperature of 423 K and deposition temperature of 913 K. The deposition rate followed Arrhenius behavior at temperature of 753 K to 913 K, corresponding to activation energy E _a of 51.09 kJ/mol. TiO₂ existed only in anatase phase when the deposition temperature was 773 K to 973 K. With increase of deposition temperature from 1073 K to 1273 K, the rutile content sharply increased from 7% to 70%. It was found that a deposition temperature of 773 K and a higher source temperature of 448 K resulted in finely dispersed TiO₂ particles, which were mainly in the range of 10–20 nm. Project (No. 90206007) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Fe60Cr40 Powders Prepared by Mechanical Alloying in Vacuum and Air

Magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe60 Cr40 powders prepared by mechanical alloying in vacuum and air were investigated by utilizing the measurements of magnetization, X-ray diffraction, and ^67Fe M（oe）ssbauer spectrum. The results show that the Fe60 Cr40 powders keep the bcc structure during milling in air and vacuum. The saturation magnetization of the Fe60 Cr40 powders milled in vacuum and air decreases with the increase of the milling time up to 45 h. The decrease of saturation magnetization of the Fe60Cr40 powders milled in vacuum is due to the formation of Fe-Cr solid solution, while in air it is due to the formation of paramagnetic disorder structure and solid solution.     

A novel reduction of diketones with i-RMgBr catalyzed by Cp<Subscript>2</Subscript>TiCl<Subscript>2</Subscript> and deoxygenation of sulfoxides by Cp<Subscript>2</Subscript>TiCl<Subscript>2</Subscript>/Al system

α-diketones and β-diketones react with Grignard reagents in the presence of a catalytic amount of Cp₂TiCl₂ to yield α-ketols and corresponding ketones respectively. Sulfoxides can be deoxygenated by Cp₂TiCl₂/Al system. The possible mechanisms are also discussed. Project (No. 20072033) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education Ministry, China