超声辅助玉米醇溶蛋白乙-二醛交联膜的制备及其性能研究

采用超声辅助加热的方式,将玉米蛋白粉中提取的玉米醇溶蛋白与乙二醛进行交联反应,再用流延法制备不同乙二醛质量分数的改性膜,并对其性能进行测定.实验结果表明,玉米醇溶蛋白-乙二醛交联物膜的柔韧性较之未改性前有了很大的提升,透水率、吸水率都有所下降,随着乙二醛用量的增加,变化趋势逐渐变缓.加入乙二醛质量分数为20%时,改性效益最好. FT-IR分析表明,乙二醛与玉米醇溶蛋白发生了交联反应.     

超声辅助玉米醇溶蛋白乙-二醛交联膜的制备及其性能研究

采用超声辅助加热的方式,将玉米蛋白粉中提取的玉米醇溶蛋白与乙二醛进行交联反应,再用流延法制备不同乙二醛质量分数的改性膜,并对其性能进行测定.实验结果表明,玉米醇溶蛋白-乙二醛交联物膜的柔韧性较之未改性前有了很大的提升,透水率、吸水率都有所下降,随着乙二醛用量的增加,变化趋势逐渐变缓.加入乙二醛质量分数为20%时,改性效益最好. FT-IR分析表明,乙二醛与玉米醇溶蛋白发生了交联反应.     

黑糯玉米多糖的提取及脱蛋白工艺的比较

本文研究了黑糯玉米多糖的提取及两种脱蛋白分离工艺的比较.采用热水浸提、醇沉法提取黑糯玉米多糖,用两种改进的方法(氯仿-正丁醇法和三氯乙酸-正丁醇法)脱除蛋白质,以脱蛋白率为指标,通过正交实验L9(34)确定最佳脱蛋白分离工艺后,对比两种方法的最佳组合粗多糖得率及510nm处吸光值的差异.结果表明:三氯乙酸-正丁醇法比氯仿-正丁醇法的脱蛋白效果好,最佳水平脱蛋白率为70.69%,多糖得率仅为67.87%;氯仿-正丁醇法最佳水平脱蛋白率为51.39%,多糖得率为80.31%.本文建立的优化工艺可为黑糯玉米多糖的分离制备提供参考.     

紫薯花青素提取工艺的研究

采用盐酸-乙醇混合液为溶剂,研究了紫薯中花青素的提取工艺。经单因素实验和L9(34)正交实验(提取剂的酸醇比、料液比、提取温度、提取时间),得到最佳提取工艺参数为:浓度为1.0mol/L的HCl和体积分数95%的乙醇的混合液为溶剂,酸醇比为7∶3,提取料液比为1∶15,提取温度为60℃,提取时间为60 min。依此工艺,紫薯花青素的提取最佳得率为51.38mg/100g鲜重。     

平菇多糖的提取及含量测定

对平菇多糖的提取工艺进行了研究,比较了温度、料液比、浸提时间、醇沉浓度四因素对多糖的溶出情况。采用四因素四个水平正交设计优化提取条件,蒽酮—硫酸法来测定多糖,并对试验结果进行方差分析和多重比较。结果表明:提取温度、料液比、提取时间和醇析浓度均对平菇多糖的得率有显著性的影响,通过水平之间的比较最终确定了平菇多糖提取的最佳工艺条件为:温度为100℃、料液比为1:30、提取7h、醇沉浓度为90%,该条件下多糖得率为6.48%,换算因子f=2.4917,稳定性实验得相对标准偏差RSD=0.18%。     

从苦荞茶中提取芦丁的最佳工艺条件研究

目的建立从苦荞茶中提取芦丁的最佳工艺条件方法研究。方法采用热水溶法,碱溶酸沉法和有机溶剂萃取法分别提取苦荞茶中的芦丁。结果热水溶法提取芦丁的纯度为91.5%,收率为0.97%,碱溶酸沉法提取芦丁的纯度为87.3%,收率为1.12%,有机溶剂萃取法提取芦丁的纯度为94.2%,收率为0.90%。结论通过对比实验,从成本、时间、收率、纯度综合考虑:碱溶酸沉法提取芦丁的方法为最佳。     

新引进小黑麦的醇溶蛋白遗传多样性分析

小黑麦作为黑麦中有益基因向小麦转移的桥梁,被广泛用于普通小麦的遗传改良．为了有效利用从国际玉米小麦改良中心引进的183份小黑麦材料,利用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)对其醇溶蛋白的遗传多样性进行了分析,结果表明：183份材料共分离出125种不同的带型,39条迁移率不同的谱带,其中只有在ω区的三条带为所有材料共有,其余的36条带都具有多态性,多态性带数占总分离条带数的92.3%,多态性较高；并且以中国春为对照,在小黑麦材料中没有发现与中国春的醇溶蛋白相同的谱带；通过醇溶蛋白的聚类分析可将183份小黑麦材料划分为三大类．     

五角枫叶中皂苷的提取工艺研究

目的:优选五角枫叶皂苷的提取工艺.方法:采用香草醛冰醋酸高氯酸试剂显色,用紫外分光光度法在550nm测定不同提取方法下所得总皂苷含量,以总皂苷提取率为指标选出五角枫叶皂苷的提取工艺,设计正交试验,优选最佳提取工艺.结果:五角枫叶总皂苷最佳提取工艺为80%乙醇回流提取3次2h/次,加醇量为每次30倍量.结论:此工艺结果稳定,工艺安全环保,生产成本低,得到总皂苷含量高,可作为提取五角枫叶总皂苷生产工艺参考.     

苦菜中维生素C提取条件初探

采用分光光度法对干燥苦菜中维生素C(Vc)提取条件进行了探索.结果表明:叶的Vc含量最高,茎的Vc含量稍高于根的,以乙醇为提取剂时,苦菜中提取Vc的最佳实验温度为30℃,最佳提取时间为40min.甲醇为提取剂时其最佳提取时间为60min.甲醇为最佳的苦菜中提取Vc的提取剂.     

妇炎康软胶囊提取工艺研究

目的:优选妇炎康软胶囊的提取工艺。方法:通过提取时间、加水量与出油量的关系考察三棱、莪术、当归和香附的挥发油提取工艺;采用回流法提取,以测定芍药苷含量作为考查指标考察提取方法选择及提取条件的优化;通过药液浓缩至相对密度、加入乙醇使含醇量、静置时间以测定芍药苷含量作为考查指标考察醇沉工艺。结果:三棱、莪术、当归和香附的挥发油最佳提取工艺为加入8倍量水,提取4小时为最佳;最佳提取工艺为先加10倍量水提取1次,提取1小时,再加8倍量水提取2次,每次1小时;药液浓缩至相对密度为1.20,加入乙醇使含醇量达70%,静置12小时为最佳醇沉工艺。结论:优选的提取工艺稳定可行,为妇炎康软胶囊制剂工艺研究提供科学依据。     

艾蒿提取物对番茄晚疫病病原菌抑菌效果的研究

采用离体的试验方法测定了艾蒿的乙醇、乙酸乙酯、丙酮和乙醚提取物在不同浓度和不同温度下对番茄晚疫病病原菌的抑制活性.结果表明,各种不同提取物在60℃处理20min除去溶剂后对番茄晚疫病病原菌均有较好的抑制作用,尤以乙酸乙酯提取物效果最好.浓度为100mg/mL艾蒿的乙酸乙酯抽提物经60℃处理20min除去溶剂后,对番茄晚疫病病原菌抑菌作用显著,抑菌直径达22.71mm.     

基肥中不同硝态氮比例对烤烟生长和产质量的影响

为确定烤烟专用基肥中合理经济的硝态氮比例,对烤烟基肥中不同硝态氮比例对烤烟生长、产质量的影响进行了研究.结果表明,在烤烟生长的前期,各农艺性状随着硝态氮比例的增加而升高;在现蕾期各农艺性状随着硝态氮比例的增加而也有升高的趋势,但当硝态氮比例达50%时各农艺性状又下降.各处理经济性状有相同的变化趋势,以硝态氮比例为45%的处理各项指标表现较好,当硝态氮比例增加到50%时,各指标又降低.随着硝态氮比例的提高有利于烤烟的正常落黄成熟,但当硝态氮含量过高时（超过45%）不利于烤烟分层落黄.各部位烟叶的总糖、还原糖和钾含量有随着硝态氮比例的增加而升高的趋势,但当硝态氮比例增加到45%时总糖和还原糖降低,各部位烟叶的总氮、烟碱和蛋白质的含量有随着硝态氮比例的增加而降低的趋势,硝态氮比例增加到45%时总氮、烟碱和蛋白质的含量又都升高,氯含量没有明显的变化规律.     

番茄灰霉病菌生物学性状研究

试验表明:番茄灰霉病菌菌丝在5-30℃均能生长,孢子在5-30℃均可萌发,菌丝生长和孢子萌发最适温度为22℃,菌丝生长和孢子萌发喜偏酸的环境,最适pH值分别为5和6,孢子萌发需较高的湿度(RH≥81%),在不同的培养基里菌丝生长以PDA最佳,对碳源的利用以果糖最佳,对氮源的利用以门冬酰胺最佳,葡萄糖对产孢最有利,谷氨酸、葡萄糖、果糖显著促进孢子萌发,淀粉、蔗糖、精氨酸显著抑制孢子葫发,病菌侵染果实最佳温度为16℃,孢子浓度在1×102-1×106个/ml范围内都能侵染番茄果实发病,浓度在1×105个/ml以上病斑发展速度明显加快.     

高效液相色谱分析西红柿中的维生素C含量

利用高效液相色谱仪对西红柿中维生素C的含量进行了分析研究。采用高效液相色谱法,以超纯水为流动相,流动相的速度为1.0ml/min,紫外检测波长为267nm,柱温在25℃的条件下,分析西红柿中维生素C的含量,及其重复性和回收率。通过线性回归具有良好的线性关系,其相关系数R2=0.9994;其回收率为98.71%~103.29%,相对标准偏差为0.79%。所建立的方法简单、快速、准确率高,适宜于西红柿中维生素C含量的测定。     

废感光胶片银回收方法研究

本文研究处理废感光胶片中银及片基的方法,达到减少对环境污染,同时变废为宝的目的。采用稀硝酸将废感光胶片所附的银化合物溶解成银离子,达到脱银目的,用电解方法从含银溶液提取纯银。综合各种处理废感光胶片方法中,化学溶解法性最佳。试验证明10%稀硝酸处理废感光胶片在温度为70～90℃效果最佳,当硝酸银溶液银浓度为12 g/L时,电解法提银处理溶液效果最佳,处理后硝酸溶液还可以胶片脱银,达到循环利用、高效目的。     

Use of near-infrared spectroscopy and least-squares support vector machine to determine quality change of tomato juice

Near-infrared (NIR) transmittance spectroscopy combined with least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) was investigated to study the quality change of tomato juice during the storage. A total of 100 tomato juice samples were used. The spectrum of each tomato juice was collected twice: the first measurement was taken when the tomato juice was fresh and had not undergone any changes, and the second measurement was taken after a month. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to examine a potential capability of separating juice before and after the storage. The soluble solid content (SSC) and pH of the juice samples were determined. The results show that changes in certain compounds between tomato juice before and after the storage period were obvious. An excellent precision was achieved by LS-SVM model compared with discriminant partial least-squares (DPLS), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), and discriminant analysis (DA) models, with 100% of a total accuracy. It can be found that N1R spectroscopy coupled with LS-SVM, DPLS, SIMCA, and DA can be used to control the quality change of tomato juice during the storage.     

On-site variety discrimination of tomato plant using visible-near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

The use of visible-near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was explored as a tool to discriminate two new tomato plant varieties in China (Zheza205 and Zheza207).In this study,82 top-canopy leaves of Zheza205 and 86 top-canopy leaves of Zheza207 were measured in visible-NIR reflectance mode.Discriminant models were developed using principal component analysis (PCA),discriminant analysis (DA),and discriminant partial least squares (DPLS) regression methods.After outliers detection,the samples were randomly split into two sets,one used as a calibration set (n=82) and the remaining samples as a validation set (n=82).When predicting the variety of the samples in validation set,the classification correctness of the DPLS model after optimizing spectral pretreatment was up to 93%.The DPLS model with raw spectra after multiplicative scatter correction and Savitzky-Golay filter smoothing pretreatments had the best satisfactory calibration and prediction abilities (correlation coefficient of calibration (Rc)=0.920,root mean square errors of calibration=0.196,and root mean square errors of prediction=0.216).The results show that visible-NIR spectroscopy might be a suitable alternative tool to discriminate tomato plant varieties on-site.     

中草药提取物对植物病菌抑制和病害防治作用

测定了中草药对植物病原真菌的室内抑菌作用和田间防效.结果表明,白藓皮对小麦赤霉病、小麦纹枯病菌、小麦黑粉病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、番茄早疫病菌的菌丝生长,对番茄早疫病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、小麦赤霉病菌的孢子萌发具有较强抑制作用,0.2 g/mL白藓皮对番茄早疫病、番茄灰霉病、小麦赤霉病的防效分别为76.3%、82.3%和75.1%;胡椒对小麦纹枯病菌、小麦黑粉病菌、番茄早疫病菌、山芋黑疤病菌的菌丝生长,对番茄早疫病菌孢子萌发具有较强抑制作用,0.2 g/mL胡椒对番茄早疫病防效为74.5%;甘草对番茄早疫病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发有较强抑制作用,0.2 g/mL甘草对番茄早疫病防效为70.9%.     

由“灰姑娘”形象的嬗变看女性主义的发展

童话故事《灰姑娘》是电影改编的绝佳题材。在电影中,＂灰姑娘＂有着越来越明显的女性主义觉醒的意识。以往贤妻良母型的灰姑娘逐渐成长为独立自主的职业女性,她们乐观积极、聪颖能干。二十世纪六七十年代时代风云的变化和女性主义运动的新发展,是导致电影版＂灰姑娘＂形象嬗变的主要原因。     

Opinion change as mediated by an audience-tailored film

Summary The purpose of this study was to determine the change in opinion mediated by a film whose development was based on the prefilm opinions of a sample similar to the one used in the current study. The subjects in the current study consisted of 540 university students, each of whom was administered a 36-item questionnaire pertaining to material presented in the film. One experimental group was shown the film a week later, and the questionnaire was readministered immediately after the film. The other experimental group was also shown the film a week later, but the questionnaire was readministered one week after the film showing. The questionnaire was readministered a week later to the control group, which did not see the film. Relative to the control group, the experimental groups showed large changes in opinion (critical ratios of 23.85 and 12.60). These changes in opinion were substantially greater than those obtained by 15 other studies involving film-mediated opinion change, but none of which involved films which were audiencetailored according to measured psychological characteristics of the intended audience. These comparative results from unrelated studies cannot be used as the basis for definitive conclusions, but they do suggest that a film can mediate a greater opinion change if it is developed according to criteria involving those characteristics of the audience which interact with opinion change