篮球标准动作多媒体数据库系统的开发与应用

当今,篮球运动在快速发展,其中篮球技术动作变化最为突出。篮球技术动作是篮球运动直观表现,是篮球运动的基础。应用计算机清楚地描述篮球运动的特征和过程、使用文字说明、动作图片和动画,甚至配上音乐的解说,充分地把多媒体数据库及多媒体信息处理技术运用到篮球运动中,能够为篮球的教学、训练和科研提供完整的动作示范和相关信息,使篮球动作的描述分析和管理科学化。     

动作示范在速滑技术教学中的运用

在速滑技术教学中,教师合理运用动作示范,对学生正确掌握技术起着重要的作用。根据速滑运动技术教学的特点和规律,从运动心理和运动生物学的角度,对动作示范在速滑技术教学中运用进行了分析,旨在为进一步提高速滑技术教学的质量与效果提供参考。     

高校公共体育教学中篮球投篮技术的教法探索

篮球是高校公共体育教学中的主要内容之一,而单手肩上投篮又是篮球教学中投篮技术的主要教学内容之一。文章以篮球教学中投篮技术的教法为研究内容,对所采用的讲解、动作示范、挂图和辅助练习等相结合的“想、看、练”教法进行了研究。结果表明,该教学方法在提高学生学习的积极性和投篮的命中率等方面均有一定的促进作用。     

中学篮球教学中投篮技术教法的实验研究

以中学篮球教学中投篮技术的教法为研究内容，对所采用的讲解、动作示范与挂图和辅助练习等相结合的“想、看、练”教法进行了实验研究，其研究结果表明，该教学方法在提高学生学习的积极性和投篮的命中率等方面均有一定促进作用。     

体育院校篮球智能教学系统的设计与运用

运用调查法、系统设计法和教学实验法对体育院校篮球智能教学系统的设计与运用问题进行了研究。在体育院校篮球教学中引入了人工智能技术，目的是提高教学过程中的智能性和交互性，促进现代教育技术在篮球教学中的应用。     

试论篮球教学中规范技术动作的作用

在篮球技术教学中,教师能否做出规范的篮球技术动作,将直接影响学生对掌握、运用篮球技术的熟练程度和认知程度。因此、根据篮球技术教学的特点和规律,本文对规范篮球技术动作在篮球教学中的运用进行了深刻的分析。     

电子杂志制作技术在篮球CAI课件制作中的应用

计算机辅助教学（CAI）作为一种现代化教学手段，在各学科教学中已经广泛使用，但在体育课堂教学中的应用并不多见。采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法、归纳整理法等研究方法，对运用制作电子杂志相关技术所制的CAI篮球课件的制作过程及该课件在实际教学中运用情况进行分析，阐述在现代篮球教学中，运用计算机辅助教学（CAI）手段的作用和效果，提出了运用电子杂志制作技术制作篮球CAI课件是一种切实可行的方法。     

多媒体CAI技术在篮球教学中的应用研究

为了适应现代教育技术的发展，提高体育教学的科技含量，解决篮球教学中不完善之处，本文通过教学实践．来探讨多媒体CAI技术在篮球教学中的运用。     

动作示范技能的理论问题、案例与分析——《体育教学》论坛“教学技能”栏目观点汇总

一、动作示范技能的几个理论问题【问题】:(1)运动技能与示范技能有什么关系?(2)动作示范应包含几个示范面?在教学实践中如何运用?举例说明。(3)动作示范时学生的站位有哪些不同变化?学生站位与教师动作示范有什么关系?(4)如何借助媒体技术增加动作示范的效果?【江苏·李安成】:(1)运动技能掌握的精确程度和掌握的质量高低代     

篮球普修课组合技术教学实验研究

实验研究表明，篮球组合技术教学在学生掌握正确的篮球技术，提高实战运用能力，提高身体素质等教学总体效果上优于传统的常规教学，具有一定的实际可行性。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.