雷·韦勒克文学理论研究的方法论意义

雷·韦勒克的文学理论,继承了俄国形式主义、布拉格学派和茵加登现象学美学的理论。贯穿于韦勒克理论研究的,是他对“文学自身”的坚守。若从学科对象、研究方法以及历史主义意识等多个角度入手,深入探讨韦勒克对文学理论学科性质及其独立性的追求,可以看出他的理论研究的方法论意义,看出他对现代文学理论学科构建所作的贡献。     

中国电视广告创意发展解析

中国电视广告发展到今天,经历了很多风雨,中间的每一次波折,都对今天电视广告的进步有着至关重要的推动作用。笔者从中国电视广告的起步阶段入手,阐述了电视广告在中国的发展历程;并用理论联系实际案例的方式,着重分析了不同历史时期中国电视广告创意的特点与效果。     

FLUENCY AS A PERVASIVE ELEMENT IN THE MEASUREMENT OF CREATIVITY1

It was suggested that fluency, defined as number of responses, may misleadingly influence both high Intercorrelations sometimes reported among measures of creativity and low correlations sometimes reported between measures of creativity and intelligence. Subjects were 93 Saturday art school students between the ages of 9 and 15 years. Intercorrelations among five “creativity” scores derived from a slightly modified version of Torrance's Figure Completion Test and between these scores and Henmon-Nelson Intelligence were compared using both raw creativity scores and creativity scores corrected for the effect of fluency. Uncorrected creativity scores intercorrelated high among themselves (mean r= .45) and low with intelligence (mean r= .09), while corrected creativity scores showed low intercorrelations among themselves (mean r= .08) and with intelligence (mean r= .13). These findings are interpreted as confirming the influence of fluency upon high intercorrelations among so-called measures of creativity and as failing to support the suggestion that fluency may also influence low correlations among creativity and intelligence measures.     

大学校园文化与创造性培养

大学校园文化是物质文化、制度文化和精神文化的和谐结合 ,它集中体现为良好的学术环境与校园氛围。这是大学培养创造性人才和产生创造性成果的最重要条件 ,但我国大学对此仍关注不够。当前 ,加强环境建设是大学校园文化建设的一个重要方面。     

APPRAISING THE ETHOS OF EXPERIENTIAL NARRATIVES: KEY ASPECTS OF A METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGE

In this essay, Carola Conle and Michael deBeyer describe their efforts to find a conceptual approach and methodology for the appraisal of the ethos of experiential narratives presented in a particular curriculum context. The language of “implied authorship,”“the patterning of desire,” and “friendships offered and received,” first introduced by Wayne Booth, is elaborated through data from narrative presentations given by local heroes to students. Appraisals seemed possible when a narrative could be placed on Booth’s “scales of friendship” and when the rational qualities of experiential narratives were considered. In addition, data needed to be available in which students’ experiential encounters with the narratives could be seen as occasions where, during such moments of encounter, feelings and desires were created, memories were activated, and events and actions in a narrative were vicariously experienced through those activated phenomena. The authors offer a potential framework for future appraisals.     

A NOTE ON THE STABILITY OF THE IOWA TESTS OF BASIC SKILLS1

The seventh-grade standard deviations on the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills (ITBS) and the intercorrelations among the tests reported by Merenda and Jackson (Journal of Educational Measurement, 1968, 5, 163–165) seemed unusual enough for their accuracy to be questioned. Corresponding statistics possessing markedly different values are presented for another sample. Contrary to the findings of Merenda and Jackson, the present data indicate a high degree of stability for the ITBS for a 3-year interval.     

创新教育的价值与实践探索

实施创新教育 ,是当前教育改革面临的新课题 ,具有十分重要的意义。我们要从深化素质教育的角度 ,以崭新的观点 ,系统地探讨创新教育的价值、内容和途径。     

PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE RELATIONSHIP OF SENSE OF HUMOR TO CREATIVITY AND INTELLIGENCE: A REVIEW

Although it is widely assumed that sense of humor is closely related to intelligence and creativity, the empirical studies of these relationships, which are reviewed in this article, have yielded conflicting findings. On the basis of the present review and a consideration of other relevant literature, it is suggested that the nature of such relationships might be affected by how the variables are operationalized, several characteristics of the experimental participants, as well as various aspects of the broader experimental context As the extant studies have investigated only a restricted number of the empirical issues to do with those characteristics, it is evident that a considerable amount of research remains to be conducted The more informative characterization provided by such research would clearly provide the basis for more accurate analyses of the nature of intelligence and creativity.     

A NOTE ON THE POWER OF STATISTICAL TESTS IN THE JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT

The power of statistical tests recently appearing in the JEM was determined using the power calculation guidelines proposed by Cohen (1969). All the articles containing tests of significance were surveyed. The results indicated that power was generally below .50 for small effect sizes and above .50 for medium and large effect sizes. A suggestion for reporting statistical results to include power of the tests was made.     

THE ROLE OF CREATIVITY IN EXPLAINING GIFTEDNESS AND EXCEPTIONAL ACHIEVEMENT

In addition to exceptional cognitive abilities and domain‐specific aptitudes, creativity potentials are frequently used to explain high achievement in science and technology. In the Guilford tradition, research focuses increasingly on convergent versus divergent thinking, that is, a suspected dichotomy between intelligence and creativity. Despite important insights about the relationship of ability and creativity, a number of important questions remain unanswered. These relate not only to conceptualization and measurement problems regarding the hypothetical construct “creativity”, but also to its diagnosis and nurturance in childhood and adolescence. It would appear that, in view of current research paradigms, the roles of ability and creativity need to be redefined in order to predict and explain excellent achievements more reliably. Advances are mostly expected from synthetic approaches. Consequently new theoretical models and empirical research results will be presented. Finally, some consequences for the explanation of high ability as well as excellent performances in school, university, and at work will be discussed     

COMMENT ON "FLUENCY AS A PERVASIVE ELEMENT IN THE MEASUREMENT OF CREATIVITY"

Clark and Mirels reported a "correction procedure" for fluency in scoring figural divergent thinking measures, which resulted in a reduction from .40 to .20 in the average inter-correlation of scores excluding fluency. Since their correction involved shortening the test, at least part of the reduction of the inter-correlations can be explained by the reduced reliability of the test. Estimates of the magnitude of this effect were provided. It was concluded that the "correction" reported is at best a partial correction, and that the potential merit of other procedures should be considered.     

中共十七大报告的政治意识创新

党的十七大报告表明当代中国共产党在政治思想上不断与时俱进,政治价值理念日趋完善,现代执政党意识日益凸现,对权力制约和监督的认识日益科学,体现了中国共产党的时代气息和开拓精神、开放意识和包容精神。政治思想的进步必将引领政治制度和体制创新,激发整个民族的创新活力。