Overtraining,extinction, and reversal learning by kittens

Two groups of kittens received 0 or 112 overtraining trials after learning a brightness discrimination. Both groups underwent extinction of differential choice responses and then learned the reversed brightness discrimination. The overtrained and nonovertrained animals did not differ significantly in rate of reversal learning, and both groups showed a significant preference for the old positive stimulus when differential reinforcement was reinstated in reversal training. According to Sutherland and Mackintosh, these results show that kittens lack stable attention and should be inept in dealing with reversal and probability problems. This is not the case, raising doubts about the adequacy of their account of interspecies differences in learning by vertebrates.     

法治、德治与市场经济

通过对法治与德治关系的考察 ,结合当前我国市场经济的发展状况 ,揭示了法治与德治之间不应是相互对立的关系 ,而是能够兼容和必须兼容的关系。     

Teaching by tape: Some benefits,problems, and solutions

An examination of the development of tape as a teaching medium illustrates both its attributes for distance education and some of its drawbacks. Attention is drawn to methods of preparing and presenting audiorecorded information to maximize the potential of the medium. In particular ‘reading by listening’ for print handicapped people is addressed, along with ways of reducing the difference in time required to access information which presently favours readers of print. Organization of cassette contents, cassette indexing, self‐pacing techniques, and time‐compressed speech presentations are techniques which improve the versatility of teaching by tape.     

顾颉刚、俞剑华、熊佛西的佚文

下面发表的顾颉刚、俞剑华、熊佛西三位先生的佚，原载于上世纪五十年代初小型的油印内部刊物《铁风》和《鲁迅纪念特刊》上。