Can a non-Muslim Mass Shooter be a “Terrorist”?: A Comparative Content Analysis of the Las Vegas and Orlando Shootings

ABSTRACT

This study used the 2017 Las Vegas and 2016 Orlando mass shootings as case studies to explore alleged double standards in reporting of events featuring Muslim and non-Muslim mass perpetrators of violence. The study used framing theory and content analysis to examine Los Angeles Times and New York Times coverage of the shootings during the one week immediately following each event. Findings are consistent with previous literature and the researchers’ expectations. The Orlando shooting, carried out by a Muslim, was allotted more coverage despite the fact that it produced nine fewer fatalities than the Las Vegas shooting, perpetrated by a white non-Muslim. The analysis also showed that the examined newspapers were more likely to employ a “terrorism” frame in their coverage of the Orlando shooting than in their coverage of the Las Vegas shooting; link the Orlando mass shooting with the global war on terrorism; and to humanize Stephen Paddock, the white perpetrator of the Las Vegas shooting. Framing differences found in this study may contribute to downplaying the threat of white male gun violence, and to reinforcing fears of Islam and Muslims.     

Graphic Violence as Moral Motivator: The Effects of Graphically Violent Content in News

Common wisdom holds that graphic media violence leads to antisocial outcomes. This common wisdom is reflected in the Society for Professional Journalists’ Code of Ethics. However, theory and research regarding moral emotions’ ability to increase moral sensitivity suggests that this type of negative content may be capable of yielding prosocial responses. This article describes this logic and tests its predictions in two experimental studies utilizing news footage of a mass execution conducted by the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). Results corroborate claims that graphic media violence can serve as a moral motivator. Higher levels of graphic violence led to stronger anger and disgust responses, which in turn predicted higher levels of (a) moral sensitivity, (b) desires for anti-ISIS interventions (including military and humanitarian efforts), and (c) eudaimonic motivations (i.e., seeking meaning in life). Important to note, no increases in negative attitudes toward Arab Muslims were observed. Theoretical implications are discussed.     

“Strictly an act of street violence”: intimate publicity and affective divestment in the New Orleans Mother’s Day shooting

On May 12, 2013, two men opened fire on a Mother’s Day second line parade in New Orleans’s Seventh Ward. This essay attends to discourses from public officials and news media following the shooting that reified what we describe as affective divestment from the suffering of historically marginalized bodies and communities. Specifically, public discourse characterized the shooting as an episode of “street violence” that did not warrant sustained national attention. Affective divestment is the consequence of rhetorical maneuvers that signal a pushing away from certain bodies by intimate publics—an estrangement at the symbolic level that has naturalized or rationalized the neglect of certain forms of suffering. Such estrangement, we argue, is a function of neoliberal logics that devalue and, at times, necessitate the suffering of disposable populations.     

ISIS数据库轻松上网

WWW ISIS 是一种ISIS 数据库的Web 服务器软件, 本文探讨利用此软件, 在不对原ISIS 数据库的数据和结构作大的改动情况下, 即可将ISIS 数据库上网的简易方案; 并对这一方案的实现步骤及具体方法作了详细的描述。     

一个用户友好系统ISIS_ES

本文介绍了一个用户友好系统IS IS_ ES 的设计思想及其功能结构, 该系统是在IS IS 系统基础上, 使用I_SIS　PA SCAL 开发的。它较为圆满地克服了当前检索系统普遍存在的机械、复杂、僵硬等缺点, 提高了用户接口的合理性、科学性和可用性, 达到了减少情报噪音, 提高检索质量的目的。     

汉语科技文献自动标引系统CADAIS

本文主要介绍利用微机通用管理系统ISIS的PASCAL语言开发的并集成于该系统的“汉语科技文献自动标引系统CADAIS”的系统构成，功能，自动标引原理，词典结构与建立方法，标引算法和实验情况等。     

Personality Traits,Television Viewing,and the Cultivation Effect

This research investigates the impact of 3 personality traits—trait anxiety, sensation seeking, and psychoticism—on cultivation effects regarding perceptions of violence. A survey measuring violence prevalence estimates, personality traits, television consumption, and genre preferences was completed by 427 undergraduates. Results indicate that low trait–anxious individuals, and to a lesser extent high sensation seekers, are more susceptible to cultivation regarding personal vulnerability to crime whereas those low in psychoticism are susceptible to cultivation regarding societal violence perceptions. The worldview offered by these traits, as opposed to TV genre consumption or resonance, seems to best explain these effects.     

英国ISIS脉冲介子和中子源共享研究

我国科研仪器设备设施的建设和管理以及共享开放问题越来越受到重视,如何合理规划、有效利用我国的 大型科研设备设施,充分发挥设备的使用价值是当前我国科技管理领域亟待解决的问题之一。ISIS脉冲介子和中子源是 英国科学技术设施理事会所拥有的重要大型仪器设备之一,开放共享程度高,信息公开、充分、透明,风险管理机制健 全,在设备共享过程中高度重视经济和环境评价。本文重点介绍ISIS脉冲介子和中子源在设备共享方面的管理经验,可 以供我国借鉴。     

Communication Skills,Social Support,and Burnout among Advocates in a Domestic Violence Agency

Intimate partner violence affects millions of lives annually. Domestic violence advocates work to alleviate this problem; yet the nature of the work leaves them vulnerable to negative outcomes such as burnout. This study examined the relationships between communication anxiety, communication competence, perceived social support, and feelings of burnout among domestic violence advocates. Results from a survey of 69 individuals recruited from a US domestic violence agency show the combination of communication anxiety, communication competence, perceived emotional support, and perceived informational support accounted for approximately 13% of the variance in advocates' emotional exhaustion and 21% of the variance in advocates' experiences of reduced personal accomplishment. Responses also differ with the advocate's position in the agency. The following recommendations are offered: develop scenario-based communication skills training programs to reduce communication anxiety and increase communication competence, hold regular debriefing meetings to help advocates process their experiences and to receive peer support, and develop formalized mentoring programs that can provide social support for new workers.     

African American women and violence: gender,race, and class in the news

This study uses discourse analysis to examine the representation of violence against African American women in local TV news coverage of Freaknik, an annual “spring break” ritual that drew African American college students from throughout the country to Atlanta, Georgia in the 1990s. It draws on Black feminist theory in its examination of the ways that gender, race, and class intersected to shape the representation of the victims, the perpetrators, and the violence. The results indicate that the convergence of gender, race, and class oppressions minimized the seriousness of the violence, portrayed most of its victims as stereotypic Jezebels whose lewd behavior provoked assault, and absolved the perpetrators of responsibility. Coverage also reinforced race and class stereotypes by representing locals as underclass troublemakers prone to crime while students were linked to law‐abiding, middle class values and norms. In demonstrating the utility of addressing the intersectionality of gender, race, and class, this study argues that such an approach is necessary to the study of representation.     

CDS/ISIS系统的输出处理

本文介绍一个利用CDS/ISIS PASCAL 语言开发的一个显示打印模块, 它具有随意浏览、联机打印等功能, 并对ISIS PASCAL 语言中一些资料中未说明而在程序设计中需要加以注意的问题作了阐述。     

多文种多功能词表管理系统

本文报导了用Pascal语言编写的多文种多功能词表管理系统。用该管理系统不仅可编制词表，且可自动输出加有科印排版命令的源文件，经科印排版软件处理后可输出胶印用版样或胶片。     

用CDS/ISIS的词典功能辅助编制、更新汉语主题词表

本文介绍了用Micro CDS/ISIS的倒排与词典输出功能，输出某专业数据库倒排文件的词典清单，通过对词典清单的过虑处理．生成只包含有主题词及其使用频率的文件，运用词频数据辅助编制或更新相应专业领域的汉语主题词表。     

论电视剧实景拍摄中的美术设计

在电视剧的实景拍摄中,美术师首先要选择符合剧本规定情境的场景,然后对实景进行必要的加工,创造出影片气氛要求的环境,影视道具也是美术设计在实景拍摄中必不可少的创作手段.     

A Meta-Analytical Review of Selective Exposure to and the Enjoyment of Media Violence

A primary argument for the widespread production of media violence is that audiences want to watch violent content. This assumption is examined in this meta-analytic review of existing research on both selective exposure to and enjoyment of violence. The results show that violence has a significant effect on both selective exposure and enjoyment, but in different directions. Specifically, violence increases selective exposure but decreases enjoyment of content. Potential explanations for these effects and moderators that could influence the results (e.g., sex, aggressive personality traits, type of content) are considered, and the practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

News and notes

This study examined physical violence portrayed in a sample of televised professional wrestling. Trained research assistants coded the frequency of violent interactions, perpetrator characteristics, and contextual features (extent of violence, use of weapons, consequence of violence, reasons for violence, and reward for violence). Wrestling was compared with a sample of prime-time television from the National Television Violence Study (Smith, Nathanson, &; Wilson, 2002). Findings show that the extent of violence in wrestling is significantly greater than other prime-time genres and that wrestling more often portrays violence as justified, likely to go unpunished, and unlikely to produce extreme harm. Overall, wrestling presented violence in amounts and contexts linked with increased risk of harm to viewers.     

The Violence Profile: Five Decades of Cultural Indicators Research

This study examines violence in prime-time broadcast network television programs aired between 1967 and 2015. The data show that violence has been a consistent and central part of programming, although levels vary by genre. Violence decreased in the 1990s, due mostly to the greater prominence of sitcoms and crime-related procedurals (such as Law & Order and CSI), which feature fewer explicit acts of violence. However, violence is making a serious comeback on prime time, with four of the five measures we examined reaching historically high levels in the 2010s. The percentage of characters involved in violence remains lower than in earlier years. Despite some ebbs and flows over the years, and dramatic institutional and technological changes, even at its lowest points violence on television is never far from the scene and remains difficult for the heavy viewer to avoid.     

Sixth Graders Take on Television: Media Literacy and Critical Attitudes of Television Violence The research was supported by a service learning grant from the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences at the University of MassachusettsAmherst.

This study outlines the effectiveness of a media literacy curriculum in changing attitudes about media violence through critical discussions and analytical viewing exercises. Ninety-three sixth graders participated in a curriculum focusing on “high-risk” ways of presenting violence in the media. Results of a one-group, pre-test post-test design suggest that participation in the curriculum was associated with an increase in critical attitudes about the topic. Open-ended responses also demonstrated enhanced sophistication in analyzing media violence after the curriculum. The study has potentially important implications for media education and media violence.