From Learning Beliefs to Achievement Among Chinese Immigrant and European American Preschool Children

Little research exists on how immigrant children develop their beliefs about school learning (BASLs) in their home and host cultures. We examined the BASLs and achievement children of Chinese immigrants’ (CCI) and European American (EA) children. We followed longitudinally 120 middle-class children from age 4 to 5, balanced for gender. Children heard two story beginnings depicting a child eager to attend school and another not. Children completed the stories and were tested for math and literacy achievement. We found seven BASLs. CCIs and EAs showed similar BASLs. Awareness of parental involvement and intellectual benefit consistently explained their achievement, with CCIs showing greater achievement. CCIs’ (but not EAs’) valuation of learning explained their net academic growth. Implications on CCIs’ development are discussed.     

Self‐Socialization of Gender in African American,Dominican Immigrant,and Mexican Immigrant Toddlers

This article advances a self‐socialization perspective demonstrating that children's understanding of both gender categories represents an intergroup cognition that is foundational to the development of gender‐stereotyped play. Children's (N = 212) gender category knowledge was assessed at 24 months and play was observed at 24 and 36 months. Higher levels of gender category knowledge and, more specifically, passing multiple measures of knowledge of both gender categories at 24 months was related to increases in play over time with gender‐stereotyped toys (doll, truck), but not gender‐stereotyped forms of play (nurturing, motion). In contrast to the long‐standing focus on self‐labeling, findings indicate the importance of intergroup cognitions in self‐socialization processes and demonstrate the generalizability of these processes to a diverse sample.     

未来中国儿童研究的战略构想

站在未来我国儿童研究发展的战略高度,从走向哲学视野的儿童研究、走向整合化的儿童研究、走向生态化的儿童研究及走向行动定向的儿童研究等四个方面构想了我国未来儿童研究的框架,以期为建立有当代中国特色的儿童学奠定基础。     

Self-Regulatory Development in Children from Chinese Immigrant Families: Evidence for Commonality and Specificity

A central theme of acculturative specificity is the heterogeneity of the immigrant experience. This study integrated this application of the Specificity Principle with intergenerational transmission models of self-regulation and identified both common and specific pathways in the self-regulatory development of Chinese American children in immigrant families (N = 169, M_age = 9.2 years). Consistent with intergenerational transmission models, results indicated associations between parents’ and children’s effortful control, with the mediation of these associations via authoritarian parenting. Parental education, family income, and children’s bilingual proficiency were also uniquely associated with children’s executive function and effortful control. Together, findings provide new directions for research with ethnic minority immigrant families, and underscore the utility of within-group approaches in advancing research on ethnic minority children’s development.     

The Influences of the Chinese Modern Family Changes on the Socialization of Children

This article mainly introduces the contemporary changes in Chinese family and especially analyses the transformation of family structure and type, family housing conditions, family relationship network, the relationship between husband and wife and parenthood. In addition, it discusses the influence of family changes in the socialization of children. Then it expounds the new transformation in children’s socialization because of family, school, mass media, etc. Finally, it discusses its challenge and reflection to family and pedagogue. Translated from China Family Education, 2004:4     

Academic Self-Perceptions and Academic Achievement in Chinese Children: A Multiwave Longitudinal Study

This study examined reciprocal contributions between academic self-perceptions and academic achievement. Data were collected each year in four consecutive years from a sample of children in China (initial N = 1,156; 581 boys; initial M_age = 9.33 years). Analyses using random intercept cross-lagged panel models revealed that the effects of academic achievement on self-perceptions tended to be more evident in lower grades and the effects of academic self-perceptions on achievement tended to be more evident in higher grades. Latent growth curve analyses showed that the initial level of academic self-perceptions and achievement moderated the growth of each other. The results indicate the contributions between academic self-perceptions and achievement that occur in a progressive cascading manner in Chinese children.     

应对风险社会：教育的顺应与变革

当代风险社会是工业和科学技术不受控制发展的结果,不仅涉及政治、经济等方面的问题,还是一种文化的概念.面对风险社会,应该具备风险意识,变革教育.教育需要从传授确定价值观和知识,转变到培养质疑、判断和选择能力;从培养规定角色的社会人,转到培养人的应变能力;从培养掌握专门知识和技能的经济人,转为培养有责任伦理的高素质公民;从为国家培养人才,到培养能够"全球性思考和行动"的人.     

中国近代儿童公育与非儿童公育思潮对婴幼儿教育社会化的推进

儿童公育与非儿童公育是中国近代两种教育思潮。前者力主先将大家庭小型化，后把大小家庭一齐废除，家庭养育儿童的任务也随之先社会化，再完全公育；后者反对废除家庭，认为只把大家庭离析为小家庭就可以了，家庭养育儿童的任务亦需效社会承担。两种思潮互相争鸣，持续长久，推动了中国近代家庭的变革和婴幼儿教育社会化的进程。     

社会和谐--战略机遇期中国社会的主调

“社会更加和谐”符合那种不同于旧式现代性的新型现代性的要求；在为期20年的重要战略机遇期，我们要在保持、推进社会进步势头的同时．用新型现代性眼光，把有步骤地解决过去20年积累的问题，逐步消除各种不和谐因素，亦即不安全因素．放在突出地位；能否在社会政策上为社会弱势群体提供制度性保障，力争强弱双赢，是中国社会未来20年内，能否达到更加公正、更加和谐、更加稳定的关键，具有战略意义。     

幼儿园主导:促进农村留守幼儿社会化

农村留守幼儿家庭社会化功能和情感功能缺失给农村留守幼儿社会化带来许多负面影响,有必要发挥幼儿园的主导作用来促进农村留守幼儿社会化;且近年来农村幼儿园在政府支持下不断发展、师资水平不断提升,幼儿园主导促进留守幼儿社会化也成为可能。为此,应该发挥幼儿园的引领核心作用,充分利用社区资源和家庭资源,共同促进留守幼儿社会化。     

何兹全教授:坚持唯物史观、卓然有成的中国社会史学者

一２００１年９月，北京师范大学为一位年高德劭的学者举行九十华诞学术研讨会。这位学者就是何兹全教授。在会上，大家向精神矍铄的何先生祝福，他幽默地说：“我还没有觉得自己老呢，怎么就九十岁了。”话音未落，举座欢然。何兹全先生，中国著名历史学家，山东菏泽人。１９１１年生，１９３５年毕业于北京大学史学系，现为北京师范大学教授、博士研究生导师。何先生从大学时代起从事中国社会史研究，至今已近７０年。他在中国社会史、汉唐佛教寺院经济、魏晋南北朝史、兵制史、中国文化史等诸多领域都取得了卓著成就。他视学术为生命，以…     

儒家道德社会化路径及其当代转型

儒家道德发端于西周,形成于春秋战国时期,并在其社会化过程中不断丰富完善。儒家道德在社会化过程中,呈现出不同形态,并逐步构建起一套完整且系统的伦理道德体系,为儒家达至"天下归仁"的目标奠定了理论基础和道德基石。在追溯儒家道德创生及延展轨迹、凝练儒家道德原典精神的基础上,总结儒家道德社会化路径的历史经验,追问儒家道德社会化何以可能之缘由,探究儒家道德社会化路径当代转型的理论与实践样式,对于当今社会传承中国优秀传统文化,弘扬和践行社会主义核心价值观意义重大。     

Teacher Behaviors Related to the Mathematical Achievement of Young Children

Abstract

Some scholars argue that the effects of small classes in the early grades are not cumulative—that the benefits of small classes accrue in the 1st year of small classes. That argument suggests both policy implications and scientific questions of why additional benefits should not accrue from additional exposure to small classes. In this article, the cumulative effects of small classes on achievement were investigated with data from Project STAR, a 4-year, large-scale randomized experiment on the effects of class size. Controlling for achievement in the previous-year small classes in Grades 1, 2, and 3 yielded additional positive effects on reading and mathematics achievement. Thus, there are additional (cumulative) effects of small classes after the 1st year that may be large enough to be important for education policy.     

我国经济社会发展中若干战略性关系论纲

要保证经济社会健康运行,必须处理好一系列战略性关系。之一,理论与政策的关系。理论是制定政策的依据,政策是贯彻理论的工具,决不能因企图推行某种政策而“修正”理论。之二,战略与对策的关系。战略统领和制约对策,对策服从和服务于战略,决不可把具有权宜性的对策当作战略。之三,目的与手段的关系。目的制约手段,手段是实现目的的工具,决不可只讲手段而淡化目标。之四,宏观调控与市场配置的关系。市场经济具有二重性,国家必须实施宏观调控才能约束和矫正市场经济的消极后果。之五,公平与效率的关系。应恢复“兼顾公平与效率”的原则,当前要更加注重社会公平。此外,还有许多战略性关系需要深入研究和理顺。     

The Role of Family Characteristics for Students’ Academic Outcomes: A Person‐Centered Approach

Using data from 1,571 ninth‐grade students (M_age = 14.62) from 82 academic track schools in Germany and their predominantly Caucasian middle‐class parents, configurations of different family characteristics reported by parents were investigated. Latent profile analyses considering academic involvement, family interest, parents’ self‐concept, child's need for support, and parents’ time and energy identified average, indifferent, motivated and engaged, motivated and disengaged, and involved families. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal associations with students’ motivational (self‐concept, effort, and interest) and achievement outcomes (achievement test and grades) in math were analyzed. Students from families classified as motivated and disengaged showed higher initial levels motivation and achievement. Over 5 months, these students also showed an increase in self‐concept and higher achievement than students from other family types.     

留守儿童公正感与心理适应的关系:自尊的中介作用分析

通过对536名5-8年级留守儿童公正感、自尊和心理适应(积极情感、消极情感和生活满意度)进行测查,考察留守儿童公正感与心理适应的关系及其作用机制.结果表明:(1)留守儿童在生活满意度和积极情感上年级差异显著,而消极情感年级差异不显著;留守儿童的心理适应各指标在性别和留守时间上差异均不显著;(2)留守儿童公正感与生活满意度、积极情感呈显著正相关,与消极情感呈显著负相关;(3)自尊在公正感与生活满意度和积极情感之间起部分中介作用,在公正感与消极情感之间起完全中介作用.     

From Meritocracy to Aristocracy: Towards a Just Society for the ‘Great Man’

In the practice of education and educational reforms today ‘meritocracy’ is a prevalent mode of thinking and discourse. Behind political and economic debates over the just distribution of education benefits, other kinds of philosophical issues, concerning the question of democracy, await to be addressed. As a means of evoking a language more subtle than what is offered by political and economic solutions, I shall discuss Ralph Waldo Emerson's idea of perfectionism, particularly his ideas of the ‘gleam of light’ and ‘genius’, as an alternative mode of thinking of human power. Through this Emersonian lens, a provocative shift will be made from meritocracy and ‘mediocracy’ to aristocracy. Emersonian aristocracy destabilizes balanced measures and prevailing discourse about fairness and justice, and makes us reconsider how to achieve a just society in democracy. As an educational implication, I shall propose the idea of citizenship without inclusion—a vision of education for a democratic society in which we learn to live as and with the Great Man.